A fita nasal é amplamente utilizada em equinos durante o exercício, porém seus resultados são controversos e pouco conhecidos em animais que disputam provas de resistência. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram verificar se o uso da fita nasal influencia parâmetros durante o exercício predominantemente aeróbico, como frequência respiratória, volume tidal, volume minuto, tempos de inspiração e expiração, população de células por meio de lavado broncoalveolar, frequência cardíaca e lactato sanguíneo. Foram utilizados seis equinos da raça Árabe que realizaram dois testes de longa duração em esteira, sendo um teste com fita e outro sem a fita nasal. Durante os testes eram realizadas coletas de sangue, espirometria com obtenção de curvas de fluxo e volume respiratório, e registro da frequência cardíaca por meio de frequencímetro. Duas horas após o término do exercício foi realizado lavado broncoalveolar para realização de citologia da secreção pulmonar. Não houveram diferenças entre os parâmetros ventilatórios analisados entre os animais quando correram com ou sem a fita nasal. Entretanto, a frequência cardíaca foi em média menor durante o exercício nos animais que se exercitaram com a fita nasal (p<0,05), podendo indicar uma melhor oferta de oxigênio durante o exercício de longa duração com o uso da fita nasal, apesar de não encontrarmos alterações nos parâmetros de fluxo e volume respiratório. Na avaliação citológica do conteúdo do lavado broncoalveolar, foi verificada maior porcentagem de neutrófilos após o exercício nos animais que se exercitaram com a fita nasal (p<0,05), indicando que o turbilhonamento na passagem do ar através da cavidade nasal pode ter diminuído permitindo que partículas maiores se depositassem em porções mais distais do sistema respiratório, induzindo uma resposta neutrofílica mais intensa. O uso da fita nasal parece influenciar alguns parâmetros durante e após o exercício em animais que realizam provas de longa duração. Outros estudos devem ser realizados para verificar se essa influência pode melhorar o desempenho desses animais em exercícios predominantemente aeróbicos / The nasal strip is widely used in horses during exercise, but the results are controversial and little known in animals that compete for endurance events. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of nasal strips influence parameters during predominantly aerobic exercise, such as respiratory frequency, tidal volume, minute ventilation, inspiratory and expiratory times, population of cells by bronchoalveolar lavage, heart rate and blood lactate. Six Arabian horses were submitted to two low intensity tests on a treadmill, one of them with nasal strip and one without nasal strip. During the tests were carried out blood samples, airflow and volume curves with spirometry mask, and heart rate was recorded through heart rate monitor. Two hours after the exercise was performed bronchoalveolar lavage to perform cytology of pulmonary secretions. There were no differences among ventilatory parameters analyzed when the horses performed the exercise with or without the nasal strip. However, heart rate was lower on average during the exercise when the horses were exercised with nasal strip (p <0.05), which may indicate a better supply of oxygen during the low intensity exercise with the use of nasal strip, despite we did not find changes in the airflow and respiratory volume parameters. In cytological evaluation of the content of bronchoalveolar lavage, increased percentage of neutrophils was observed after exercise in animals with nasal strip (p <0.05), indicating that turbulence in the airflow through the nasal cavity may have diminished allowing larger particles to be deposited in distal portions of the respiratory system, inducing a more intense neutrophilic response. The use of nasal strips appears to influence some parameters during and after exercise in horses that perform low intensity and endurance tests. Further studies should be conducted to verify that this influence can improve the performance of these horses in predominantly aerobic exercises

O hipoestrogenismo, decorrente da fase pós-menopausa, determina uma série de alterações físicas, psicológicas e metabólicas na mulher, com piora significativa em sua qualidade de vida. No entanto, são os efeitos da deficiência estrogênica a longo prazo que mais preocupam, pois podem levar a comprometimentos importantes, como as doenças cardiovasculares. Desta maneira, a terapia hormonal (TH) e o treinamento físico têm surgido como esquemas terapêuticos úteis para o controle das alterações presentes na pós-menopausa. Objetivos: o presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a modulação autonômica da freqüência cardíaca (FC) e a capacidade aeróbia de mulheres pós-menopausa em uso ou não de TH, antes e após um programa de treinamento físico (PTF). Casuística e Métodos: foram estudadas 18 mulheres sedentárias, divididas em 2 grupos, sendo: Grupo controle - 10 mulheres na pós-menopausa (50 a 60 anos) sem TH; Grupo TH - 8 mulheres na pós-menopausa (50 a 60 anos) com TH (valerato de estradiol + levonorgestrel). Ambos os grupos foram avaliados em dois momentos distintos: antes (avaliação) e após (reavaliação) um PTF de 3 meses de duração. Tanto na avaliação, como na reavaliação, as voluntárias foram submetidas a dois protocolos experimentais: protocolo 1 - para avaliação da modulação autonômica da FC, esta foi coletada em condições de repouso, nas posições supina e sentada, durante 15 minutos em cada posição; protocolo 2 - para avaliação da capacidade aeróbia, as voluntárias foram submetidas a um teste cardiopulmonar com protocolo incremental. Os índices avaliados no protocolo 1 foram: média da FC e dos intervalos R-R (iR-R), índice RMSSD dos iR-R, bandas de baixa (BF) e alta (AF) freqüência da análise espectral, em unidades normalizadas, e razão BF/AF. No protocolo 2 foram comparados os valores de potência, consumo de oxigênio (VO2) e FC no limiar de anaerobiose (LA) e no pico do exercício. Para comparação entre os grupos estudados, foi utilizado o teste t de student não-pareado; para a comparação intra-grupo entre as condições de avaliação e reavaliação, o teste estatístico utilizado foi o t de student pareado. Nível de significância estabelecido em 5%. Resultados: em relação ao protocolo 1, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas tanto na comparação entre os grupos como na comparação entre as fases de avaliação e reavaliação, para os dois grupos estudados, em nenhum dos índices avaliados. Na análise dos resultados do protocolo 2, foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05) entre a condição de avaliação para a condição de reavaliação dos parâmetros potência e VO2 no LA e no pico do exercício, para os dois grupos estudados. O grupo TH apresentou valores estatisticamente (p<0,05) superiores do VO2 na fase de reavaliação, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Ainda para o grupo controle, a FC no pico do exercício da reavaliação foi estatisticamente (p<0,05) superior à da avaliação. Conclusões: o programa de treinamento físico realizado na intensidade do LA durante 3 meses promoveu ganhos aeróbios significativos, embora não tenha alterado a modulação autonômica da freqüência cardíaca de mulheres menopausadas sem e em uso de terapia hormonal; tais ganhos parecem ser decorrentes principalmente de adaptações periféricas musculares. A terapia hormonal não teve influência importante sobre a variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca e teve apenas efeito discreto sobre a capacidade aeróbia na reavaliação; esse efeito se deve possivelmente à reserva de vasodilatação presente em mulheres usuárias de reposição estrogênica, que se evidencia apenas em altas intensidades de exercício. / Low levels of estrogen observed at menopause determine many physical, psychological and metabolic changes in women, resulting in a lower quality of life. However, long-term effects of estrogen deficit that could possibly lead to serious diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, are the problems that concern us the most. Within this context, hormone therapy (HT) and physical training are frequently used as useful therapeutic regimens for controlling postmenopausal alterations. Objectives: this study aimed to evaluate the autonomic modulation of heart rate (HR) and the aerobic capacity of postmenopausal women using and not using HT, prior and after a physical training program (PTP). Methods: 18 sedentary women were divided in two groups, as follows: Control Group - 10 postmenopausal women (50 to 60 years) without HT; HT Group - 8 postmenopausal women (50 to 60 years) receiving HT (estradiol plus levonorgestrel). Both groups were evaluated at two distinct moments: prior to (evaluation) and after (re-evaluation) a PTP lasting 3 months. Subjects were submitted to two experimental protocols at both moments: protocol 1 - HR was recorded in a resting condition, in supine and sitting positions, during 15 minutes in each position, for the evaluation of autonomic modulation of HR; protocol 2 - subjects were submitted to a cardiopulmonary test with incremental protocol for the evaluation of aerobic capacity. Autonomic indexes used for protocol 1: mean HR and mean R-R intervals (R-Ri), rMSSD of R-Ri index, low (LF) and high (HF) frequency bands of spectral analysis, in normalized units, and the LF/HF ratio. Aerobic capacity indexes used for protocol 2: workload, oxygen uptake (VO2) and HR values obtained at anaerobic threshold (AT) and at exercise peak. Unpaired Student\'s t-test was used for groups\' comparisons; for comparing evaluation and re-evaluation conditions within groups, paired Student\'s t-test was applied. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: in relation to protocol 1, no statistically significant differences were found in the comparisons between groups and between evaluation and re-evaluation phases within groups, for any of the autonomic indexes. Protocol 2 analysis showed significant differences (p<0.05) between evaluation and re-evaluation phases for workload and VO2 values at AT and at exercise peak, for both groups. HT group presented significant (p<0.05) higher values of VO2 than control group, in the re-evaluation phase. The levels of HR at exercise peak for control group were statistically (p<0.05) higher than evaluation phase\'s. Conclusions: the 3-month anaerobic threshold-intensity physical training program significantly improved aerobic capacity although not changed the autonomic modulation of heart rate of postmenopausal women using and not using hormone therapy; the nature of this improvement seems to be related to muscle peripheral adaptations. Hormone therapy had not important influence on heart rate variability and a low-magnitude effect on aerobic capacity at re-evaluation test; this effect is possibly related to a vasodilatory reserve presented by HT women that becomes apparent only at high intensity levels of exercise.

Bien que l’innocuité de la pratique de l’activité physique (AP) ait été acceptée dans les myopathies y compris dans les dystrophies, il existe très peu de preuve de pertinence dans la littérature. Ce travail de thèse a permis d’apporter pour la première fois les preuves confirmées de l’innocuité et des effets bénéfiques de la thérapie par l’exercice dans le cadre de la dystrophie facio scapulo humérale. Ceci à travers une vision intégrée de ces bénéfices potentiels émanant d’évaluations conjointes fonctionnelles, tissulaires et de qualité de vie. Deux groupes ont été formés par randomisation : groupe contrôle (CG : 44 ± 10ans) et groupe entraîné (TG : 40 ± 13ans). Au terme de 24 semaines d’un entraînement mixte adapté, supervisé et coaché à domicile, les bénéfices fonctionnels importants ont été rapportés notamment en terme de capacité aérobie (VO2pic, PMA), de force (MVC) suivi d’une augmentation de la surface de section (CSA) des fibres musculaires, de fonction musculaire (endurance musculaire, TM6) et de fatigue ressentie par les patients. L’absence de dommages musculaires et la forte tendance à l’amélioration de la qualité de vie confortent l’idée de l’innocuité de notre programme d’AP. La biologie du muscle révèle aussi des améliorations de l’activité de certains enzymes du métabolisme oxydatif (CS et CK). En somme, ce programme d’entraînement mixte, supervisé et coaché à domicile a permis d’aboutir à des améliorations fonctionnelles, tissulaires et de qualité de vie, ce qui ouvre des perspectives d’application à d’autres types de myopathies / Although it is now accepted that physical activity (PA) is not deleterious in myopathies, including muscular dystrophies, there is very little evidence of relevance in the literature. This thesis has allowed to provide for the first time, confirmed evidence of safety and beneficial effects of exercise therapy in FSHD, through an integrative view of the potential benefits of such programs on functional, biological and quality of life. Two groups were randomly formed: control group (CG: 44 ± 10 years) and trained group (TG: 40 ± 13 years). After 6-month of adapted and home-based training, benefits have been reported particularly in terms of aerobic capacity (VO2pic, PMA), strength (MVC) followed by an increase in cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibers, muscle function (muscle endurance, 6MWT) and fatigue experienced by patients. The lack of muscle damage (HES analysis & plasma CK values) and the strong tendency to improving the quality of life, support the idea that our training program is safe. Muscle biology also shows improvements in the activity of some oxidative enzymes (CS and CK). In short, this home-based mixed training program has allowed to achieve functional, tissue and quality of life improvements, which opens perspectives for application to other types of myopathies

Background: A crucial part of rehabilitation of cardiovascular disease is to increase aerobic capacity. High intensity intervals are an emerging field in cardiac rehabilitation. Adhering to physical training has been shown to be quite hard for these patients. There is no systematic review of different training intensities for these patients that also include interventions towards changing and adhering to new training behaviors. Objective: Map out changes in VO2peak from high intensity intervals or moderate continuous training in cardiac rehabilitation and to see if theories or techniques for behavioral change was applied to maintain and increase adherence to physical activity. Method: This systematic review was done with the databases of PubMed and PEDro. The studies could only include patients with heart failure or coronary artery diseases. Articles were assessed for quality and given a preliminary level of evidence. Results: 11 articles were included; ten studies showed a significant increase in VO2peak. Three studies showed a significant increase in VO2peak between groups in favor of high intensity intervals. Some behavior change techniques could be interpreted by the authors, but no theories were used. Conclusion: This review could not conclude that one specific modality of training is superior in cardiac rehabilitation.

This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to explore interactions between signs of periodontal inflammation and systemic parameters in athletes. Members of German squads with available data on sports medical and oral examination were included. Groups were divided by gingival inflammation (median of papillary bleeding index, PBI median) and signs of periodontitis (Periodontal Screening Index, PSI 3). Age, gender, anthropometry, blood parameters, echocardiography, sports performance on ergometer, and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) were evaluated. Eighty-five athletes (f = 51%, 20.6 3.5 years) were included (PBI < 0.42: 45%; PSI 3: 38%). Most associations were not statistically significant. Significant group differences were found for body fat percentage and body mass index. All blood parameters were in reference ranges. Minor differences in hematocrit, hemoglobin, basophils, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, urea, and HDL cholesterol were found for PBI, in uric acid for PSI. Echocardiographic parameters (n = 40) did not show any associations. Athletes with PSI 3 had lower VO2max values (55.9 6.7 mL/min/kg vs. 59.3 7.0 mL/min/kg; p = 0.03). In exercise tests (n = 30), athletes with PBI < 0.42 achieved higher relative maximal load on the cycling ergometer (5.0 0.5 W/kg vs. 4.4 0.3 W/kg; p = 0.03). Despite the limitations of this study, potential associations between signs of periodontal inflammation and body composition, blood parameters, and performance were identified. Further studies on the systemic impact of oral inflammation in athletes, especially regarding performance, are necessary.

Research hypothesis The dependence of maximal and submaximal indices of aerobic fitness and cardio respiratory system function on the type of ergometry will change due to specific impact of slow adaptation of the researched athletes. The functional indices of persons of different athletic fitness and sports specialization responsible for general adaptation of the human body to physical loads should vary less performing different continuously increasing loads or constant physical loads compared to those fitness indices which more depend on the adaptation specificity of trained muscles. The aim of the research was to establish the peculiarities of indices of athletes’ aerobic fitness and cardio respiratory system function in dependence on ergometry and the specificity of slow adaptation. Research objectives: 1. To compare maximal and submaximal values of indices of cardio respiratory system function of swimmers and untrained persons during cycling and arm ergometry. 2. To compare maximal values of indices of cardio respiratory system function of athletes in dependence on ergometry and the specificity of slow adaptation. 3. To compare submaximal values of indices of cardio respiratory system function of athletes in dependence on ergometry and the specificity of slow adaptation. 4. To compare the changes in the indices of cardio respiratory system function of athletes in the transitional phases of different constant physical load in dependence on ergometry and the specificity of... [to full text] / Tyrimo hipotezė. Maksimalių ir submaksimalių aerobinio pajėgumo ir vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių priklausomumas nuo ergometrijos pobūdžio pakis dėl specifinio tiriamų sportininkų lėtos adaptacijos poveikio. Skirtingo treniruotumo ir sportinės specializacijos asmenų organizmo funkcijos rodikliai, atsakingi už bendrąją organizmo adaptaciją fiziniams krūviams, turėtų mažiau skirtis atliekant skirtingo pobūdžio nuosekliai didinamus ar pastovius fizinius krūvius, negu tie pajėgumo rodikliai, kurie labiau priklauso nuo treniruojamų raumenų adaptacijos specifikos. Tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti sportininkų aerobinio pajėgumo ir vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių ypatumus priklausomai nuo ergometrijos ir lėtosios adaptacijos specifikos. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Palyginti plaukikų ir nesportuojančių asmenų maksimalias ir submaksimalias vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių reikšmes įvairaus pobūdžio darbe. 2. Palyginti sportininkų maksimalias vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių reikšmes įvairaus pobūdžio darbe priklausomai nuo ergometrijos ir lėtosios adaptacijos specifikos. 3. Palyginti sportininkų submaksimalias vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių reikšmes įvairaus pobūdžio darbe priklausomai nuo ergometrijos ir lėtosios adaptacijos specifikos. 4. Palyginti sportininkų vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių kaitą pereinamosiose pastovaus intensyvumo įvairaus pobūdžio darbo fazėse priklausomai nuo ergometrijos ir lėtosios adaptacijos specifikos. Tyrimo rezultatų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Submitted by Anelise Milech (anelisemilech@gmail.com) on 2017-11-07T15:14:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Gustavo Zaccaria Schaun.pdf: 1575339 bytes, checksum: 612c2e832717b5e07f6e45e154816be2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-01-02T13:29:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Gustavo Zaccaria Schaun.pdf: 1575339 bytes, checksum: 612c2e832717b5e07f6e45e154816be2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-01-02T13:30:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Gustavo Zaccaria Schaun.pdf: 1575339 bytes, checksum: 612c2e832717b5e07f6e45e154816be2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-02T13:31:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Gustavo Zaccaria Schaun.pdf: 1575339 bytes, checksum: 612c2e832717b5e07f6e45e154816be2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / O presente estudo objetivou avaliar e comparar as respostas cardiorrespiratórias e neuromusculares a 16 semanas de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade tradicional (HIIT-T); calistênico (HIIT-C) e contínuo de intensidade moderada (CONT). O estudo foi composto por 55 adultos jovens de 18 a 36 anos recrutados de modo voluntário e em seguida aleatorizados em três grupos: HIIT-T (n = 17); HIIT-C (n = 19); e CONT, o qual serviu de grupo controle (n = 19). Os grupos HIIT-T e HIIT-C realizaram 8 séries de esforço de 20 s com intensidades de 130% da velocidade associada ao consumo máximo de oxigênio (vVO2máx) e all-out, respectivamente, alternadas com 10 s de recuperação passiva, ao passo que o CONT treinou 30 min entre 90-95% da frequência cardíaca (FC) correspondente ao segundo limiar ventilatório (LV2), todos com três sessões semanais. Antes e após o programa, os sujeitos foram avaliados quanto as variáveis cardiorrespiratórias: consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx) e VO2 e FC correspondentes ao LV2, assim como economia de corrida (ECO) em velocidade submáxima. Ainda, foram mensuradas variáveis neuromusculares, a saber: amplitude eletromiográfica máxima (EMG) e submáxima (EMG50) dos músculos reto femoral (RF), vasto lateral (VL) e deltoide anterior (DA) em teste de contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM), assim como a potência máxima (POT) absoluta e relativa e a altura de salto nos saltos contramovimento (CMJ) e agachado (SJ) e a taxa de desenvolvimento da força (TDF) média e pico no salto CMJ. Observaram-se incrementos significativos no VO2máx (HIIT-T: 20,25%; HIIT-C: 15,85%; CONT: 22,29%), vVO2máx (HIIT-T:12,66%; HIIT-C: 6,10%; CONT: 13,40%), LV2 (HIIT-T: 21,80%; HIIT-C: 12,29%; CONT: 14,74%), ECO (HIIT-T: 7,14%; HIIT-C: 13,36%; CONT: 5,42%), altura de salto CMJ e SJ (HIIT-T: 8,53 e 3,06%; HIIT-C: 6,41 e 10,40%; CONT: 2,18 e 4,37%, respectivamente), POT absoluta no salto SJ (HIIT-T: 1,68%; HIIT-C: 6,35%; CONT: 0,51%), POT relativa nos saltos CMJ e SJ (HIIT-T: 3,88 e 1,23%; HIITC: 3,10 e 4,83%; CONT: 0,58 e 1,85%, respectivamente); TDF média e pico no CMJ tanto em 50 ms (103,34% e 68,20%) e 100 ms (44,53% e 44,61%) respectivamente, todos sem diferenças entre os grupos. Para a vLV2 também foram observadas melhoras em todos os grupos, porém, o HIIT-T melhorou mais (17,19%) em comparação aos demais (HIIT-C: 8,16%; CONT: 14,83%). Quanto a POT absoluta no salto CMJ houve aumento apenas nos grupos HIITT (4,37%) e HIIT-C (4,54%) e não no CONT (-0,75%). Ademais, não houve incrementos na EMG para os músculos RF e VL em nenhum dos grupos em conjunto com uma redução na amplitude EMG no DA. Contrariamente, os resultados de EMG50 revelaram aumento nos músculos RF (HIIT-T: 41,74%; HIIT-C: 16,83%; CONT: 78,40%) e VL (HIIT-T: 30,23%; HIIT-C: 29,46%; CONT: 59,17%) sem diferenças entre treinos e, no DA, a amplitude EMG50 aumentou apenas no grupo HIIT-C (~135%). Conclui-se que os três protocolos são igualmente eficientes para melhora da potência aeróbia máxima, assim como do segundo limiar ventilatório e das forças reativa e explosiva em até 16 semanas de treinamento. Ainda, os treinos não foram capazes de aumentar a amplitude do sinal EMG ao mesmo tempo em que incrementaram a EMG50 nos músculos RF e VL. Por fim, o HIIT-T incrementou mais a vLV2 em esteira, enquanto que o HIIT-C foi o único grupo capaz de melhorar a EMG50 no DA / This study aimed to evaluate and compare the cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular responses to 16 weeks of traditional (HIIT-T) and calisthenic (HIIT-C) high-intensity interval training as well as moderate intensity continuous training (CONT). The sample was composed by 55 young adults aged 18 t 36 years old, recruited voluntarily and randomized into three groups: HIIT-T (n = 17); HIIT-C (n = 19); and CONT (n = 19), which was employed as a controlgroup. HIIT-T and HIIT-C groups performed eight 20 s effort bouts with intensities of 130% vVO2max and all-out, respectively, interspersed with 10 s of passive recovery, while CONT trained 30 min at 90-95 % of the heart rate (HR) corresponding to the second ventilatory threshold (VT2). Before and after intervention the subjects were evaluated for cardiorespiratory variables: maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max); VO2 and HR corresponding to the LV2; as well as running economy (ECO). Furthermore, neuromuscular variables were measured as follows: maximal (EMG) and submaximal (EMG50) electromyographic amplitude for the rectus femoris (RF); vastus lateralis; and anterior deltoid (AD) muscles during voluntary isometric contraction tests and the maximum absolute and relative power (POT) as well as the jump height in the countermovement (CMJ) and squat (SJ) jumps. Average and peak rate of force development (RFD) was also measured in the CMJ. After intervention, there were significant increases in VO2max (HIIT-T: 20.25%; HIIT-C: 15.85%; CONT: 22.29%), vVO2max (HIIT-T: 12.66%; HIIT C: 6.10%; CONT: 13.40%), LV2 (HIIT-T: 21.80%; HIIT-C: 12.29%; CONT: 14.74%), ECO (HIIT-T: 7.14%; HIIT-C: 13.36%; CONT: 5.42%), CMJ and SJ height (HIIT-T: 8.53 and 3.06%, HIIT-C: 6.41 and 10.40%; CONT: 2.18 and 4.37%, respectively), SJ absolute POT HIIT-T: 1.68%; HIIT-C: 6.35%; CONT: 0.51%), CMJ and SJ relative POT (HIIT-T: 3.88 and 1.23%; HIIT-C: 3.10 and 4.83%, CONT: 0.58 and 1.85%, respectively) and also peak and mean CMJ’s RFD at 50 ms (68,20% and 103,34%) and 100 ms (44,61% and 44,53%) respectively, all without differences between groups. Improvements in the vLV2 were also observed for all groups, however, HIIT-T improved more (17.19%) compared to the others (HIIT-C: 8.16%; CONT: 14.83%). The absolute POT in CMJ increased only in HIIT-T (4.37%) and HIIT-C (4.54%) and not in CONT (-0.75%). Furthermore, there were no increases in the EMG for RF and VL in any of the groups, with a reduction in the EMG amplitude for AD. In contrast, EMG50 results showed an increase for RF (HIIT-T: 41.74%; HIIT-C: 16.83%; CONT: 78.40%) and VL (HIIT-T: 30.23%; HIIT-C: 29.46%; CONT: 59.17%) without differences between groups and, in the AD, EMG50 amplitude increased only in HIIT-C (~135%). It can be concluded that the three protocols are equally effective for improving maximal aerobic power, as well as the second ventilatory threshold and reactive and explosive forces up to 16 weeks of training. Also, they were not able to increase the amplitude of the EMG signal while there were improvements in EMG50 for the RF and VL muscles. Finally, to increase the vLV2, HIIT-T is preferred, while HIIT-C was the only group able to improve EMG50 in AD.

Rates of obesity (OB) are escalating among Canadian children and youth and the obesogenic environment is likely to cause further increases. An important aspect in providing clinical care to OB children is to have accurate assessment measures, particularly of their body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness. This project entails three interrelated projects aiming to develop novel cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition measurement techniques for an OB pediatric population. The purpose of the first project was to validate a new submaximal fitness protocol specifically geared towards OB children and youth. The second objective of this thesis involved assessing cardiorespiratory efficiency utilizing the Oxygen Uptake efficiency slope. The purpose of the third project was to determine the validity of a half-body scan methodology for measuring body composition in obese children and youth. The goal of developing these novel measurement techniques is improved design and evaluation of interventions aimed at managing pediatric obesity.

Rates of obesity (OB) are escalating among Canadian children and youth and the obesogenic environment is likely to cause further increases. An important aspect in providing clinical care to OB children is to have accurate assessment measures, particularly of their body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness. This project entails three interrelated projects aiming to develop novel cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition measurement techniques for an OB pediatric population. The purpose of the first project was to validate a new submaximal fitness protocol specifically geared towards OB children and youth. The second objective of this thesis involved assessing cardiorespiratory efficiency utilizing the Oxygen Uptake efficiency slope. The purpose of the third project was to determine the validity of a half-body scan methodology for measuring body composition in obese children and youth. The goal of developing these novel measurement techniques is improved design and evaluation of interventions aimed at managing pediatric obesity.

Tyrimo objektas – didelio meistriškumo rankininkių kvėpavimo sistemos funkcija ir aerobinis pajėgumas. Tyrimo aktualumas. Aerobinis pajėgumas yra labai svarbus rankinyje siekiant aukštų sportinių rezultatų. Kiekvienoje sporto šakoje sportininkai skiriasi savo aerobiniu pajėgumu, todėl mūsų darbas yra aktualus, nes informatyviais tyrimo metodais nustatėme skirtingo amžiaus rankininkių aerobinį pajėgumą ir kvėpavimo sistemos funkcinius rodiklius. Tyrimo problema. Kokią įtaką amžius turi rankininkių aerobiniam pajėgumui bei kvėpavimo sistemos funkcijoms? Tyrimo tikslas: Nustatyti skirtingo amžiaus rankininkių kvėpavimo funkcijos ir aerobinio pajėgumo ypatumus. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti skirtingo amžiaus rankininkių kvėpavimo sistemos pajėgumą ramybėje ir nuosekliai didėjančio fizinio krūvio metu. 2. Nustatyti skirtingo amžiaus rankininkių aerobinį pajėgumą. 3. Palyginti jaunesnio ir vyresnio amžiaus rankininkių aerobinį pajėgumą ir kvėpavimo funkcinius rodiklius. Išvados 1. Jaunesniųjų rankininkių maksimalūs plaučių ventiliacijos rodikliai buvo didesni, tiek testuojant ramybėje (maksimali valinga ventiliacija), tiek ir nuosekliai greitėjančio bėgimo metu (didžiausios pasiektos reikšmės). 2. Absoliučios plaučių talpos reikšmingai nesiskyrė lyginant skirtingo amžiaus rankininkių, tačiau lyginant su atitinkamo amžiaus norminėmis reikšmėmis forsuota iškvėpimo talpa buvo santykinai geresnė vyresnių rankininkių. 3. Jaunesnių rankininkių maksimalus deguonies suvartojimas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of research – respiratory system and aerobic capacity of professional female handball players. The relevance of research. The efficiency of aerobic capacity is important in handball play. In every sports athletes differs in aerobic theme capacity, thats why our study is relevant, because we obtained the results about on aerobic capacity of the female handball players in different age group. Question of research – what influence has age for the aerobic capacity and respiratory system function of female handball players. The purpose of research: to determine the respiratory function and aerobic capacity of the professional female handball players of different age. Goals: 1. To determine the capacity of respiratory system of the female handball players. 2. To determine the aerobic capacity of female handball players. 3. To compare the data of senior and junior female hanball players. Conclusions 1. The rates of the maximal lungs ventilation of junior female handball players were greater in both while testing at rest and maximal ventilation continuously accelerating running (maximal achieved value). 2. Absolute lungs capacity did not change significantly between different age female handball players, although comparing the forced exhalation capacity of appropriate age standard value, senior handball players had relatively better data. 3. The maximal oxygen uptake, ventilation threshold and correspondent values of vegetative system (HR, maximal oxygen... [to full text]