A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Faculty of Science University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2018 / Canteen Kopje has yielded rare in-situ assemblages of the Fauresmith, a poorly defined industry often associated with the later Acheulean. The Fauresmith contains precocious developments in technology as early as ~0.5 Ma–features which only become widespread in the ensuing Middle Stone Age. The Fauresmith as a regional industry provides insight into technological practices during the period of significant behavioural diversification associated with archaic Homo sapiens. Previous excavations were conducted with relatively low spatial resolution. A new excavation, Pit 4 West, was conducted to investigate the spatial, stratigraphic and contextual association of the Fauresmith horizon in more detail. A multi-disciplinary fineresolution geoarchaeological approach was applied. A nuanced assessment of the Fauresmith’s context was developed, with macroscopic and microscopic analyses allowing for the identification of site formation processes influencing assemblages. The artefact sample size for the site was increased and the presence of diagnostic tools has aided in formally defining the Fauresmith at Canteen Kopje. / XL2019

It is imperative to have quality assurance processes in place in division training to provide quality training to enable members of the South African Police Service (SAPS) to provide quality services to communities within their area of jurisdiction. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of and the need for implementation of effective quality assurance processes in education and training in the South African Police Service (SAPS). The concepts quality and quality assurance were explained in the literature review. Questionnaires were completed by the trainers in the South African Police Service (SAPS) at various training centers in the Northern Cape Province. The researcher advocates to promote and enhance quality assurance in education and training programmes in the South African Police Service (SAPS). Therefore, it is recommended that quality assurance programmes be introduced based on total quality management system for continuous improvement which can provide any training programme with a set of “tools” to meet and exceed the present needs and expectations of the adult learners in the South African Police Service (SAPS) context. / Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Descriptive surveys were employed to investigate the competencies of newly qualified nurses (NQNs) as viewed by senior professional nurses (SPNs). The study used questionnaires for collecting data. Questionnaires were delivered by the researcher and also collected by the researcher after completion. SPNs working at thirteen hospitals, that is, six in the former Gazankulu, three in the fonner Venda, and four in the form.er Lebowa health services (falling within the Northern Province of the RSA since April 1994) constituted the subjects of this study. Scientific sampling techniques were not employed as the total population of 396 SPNs was studied. This study obtained responses from 259 SPNs. Findings indicated that specific cognitive, affective and psychomotor competencies were expected ofNQNs upon entering the work setting, as perceived by SPNs. NQNs were perceived to be competent in performing numerous, but not all, clinical competencies which were outlined in the four groups' questionnaires. Application of stages of the nursing process (problem solving and clinical judgement), research, management and administration of a clinical unit, nursing ethics and critical care were perceived by the SPNs to be the central focus ofNQNs' incompetency in all four clinical nursing units, namely community, psychiatric, midwifery and general units. Nevertheless, SPNs were aware that they should provide guidance and support to NQNs. An attempt to elicit SPNs' views on the competencies NQNs should have in the practical situation, could benefit NQNs at grassroots level. Such information could provide curriculum developers with realistic input which would assist in the delineation and refinement of the professional competencies expected of nurses trained in the comprehensive course leading to registration as a nurse (general, psychiatric, and community) and midwife. The identified competencies could improve the quality of care and the nursing standards if they could be mastered by NQNs in the health services included in this research. On the basis of these research findings, the expected competencies, which were perceived by the SPNs to be incompetently performed by NQNs, were used to compile an orientation list of competencies to be mastered by NQNs in their first professional position (Annexure D). / Health Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Advanced Nursing Science)

Thesis (MPhil (Curriculum Studies))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / Background to the study: The Critical Care nursing programme at the Faculty of Health Sciences (Stellenbosch University) is a one-year programme. The practical component consists of practical procedures and case presentations. Students have limited time available in the clinical areas to reach competency in the practical skills. Students tend to use the majority of the clinical teaching time available to reach competency in these practical procedures, rather than discussing the patient and learning the skills to integrate and understand the patient’s condition and treatment, which they can acquire by doing case presentations. The end result of this misuse of clinical contact time is that some of the students, by the end of their programme, still have difficulty to integrate a patient’s diagnosis and treatment regime, although they have managed to complete the expected practical procedures. Summary of the work: A case study design was used. I wanted to investigate whether one could make use of simulation and the Clinical Skills Centre (CSC) to complete the majority of the practical procedures so that more time would be available in the clinical areas for the students to do case presentations. The study focuses on describing how the tutors and students involved experienced the use of simulation, as well as how it impacted on the available teaching time in the clinical areas. Conclusions and recommendations: Some of the most important issues that were highlighted in the study and needs to be mentioned are the following: · The students highly valued supervision by a Critical Care tutor when practising their skills in the CSC. · Students indicated that they valued the opportunity to practise some of the more risky procedures in simulation, because it presents no risk to patients. · Case presentations seem important to be added to the CSC’s practical sessions in order to attempt making the practical simulated scenarios even more realistic. · The teaching at the bedside in the clinical areas used to be done somewhat ad hoc. With the teaching in the CSC now being much more structured, this necessitates the teaching at the bedside to be revisited and to be structured to a certain extent. Summary of the results: The information obtained from the Critical Care tutors and the students indicated that these two groups were largely in agreement that simulation seems to be valuable and can effectively be used in a Critical Care nursing programme.

Thesis (MFor)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The reliance of firewood demand on indigenous trees such as Acacia erioloba is a continuing phenomena despite the concern that over-exploitation of these resources will degrade the environment. This study tested the hypothesis that the cutting of A. erioloba in the Northern Cape is driven by (a) market demand in the Western Cape, (b) ignorance of the long-term ecological consequences and/or (c) ignorance of legislation along the chain of custody of this product. The assumption is that whoever is involved in the A. erioloba firewood industry (resource owner, trader or user) is neither aware of the protected status of the resource nor the negative consequences associated with the over-exploitation of the resource or they are driven by short term monetary gains. Therefore, there is a need to understand the needs of every participant in the chain and to further find out if there may be substitutes for A. erioloba firewood. The results of this study show that there is a market for firewood in the study area and that this demand is driven mainly by the availability rather than the quality of firewood. It will also be shown that Acacia mearnsii which is available in the study area is a better product than A. erioloba and therefore it can be a suitable replacement but consumers were found to bum almost everything that would give them embers. The most preferred firewood in the study area is A. cyclops. The concept of indigenous trees is not clearly understood by retailers and consumers. The major role players in the supply chain were found to be the retailers and the transport owners who may be targeted when firewood trade is to be stopped in the short-term. The results further highlighted the fact that the majority of consumers were aware that indigenous trees were protected in South Africa but the majority of retailers were not aware. The study recommends that firewood trade should be stopped completely by strict enforcement of the law or by the involvement of every role-player and/or that the trade should be regulated. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fenomeen dat die aanvraag vir vuurmaakhout staatmaak op inheemse bome soos Acacia erioloba duur steeds voort ten spyte van die kommer dat oorbenutting van hierdie hulpbronne, ter versadiging van die behoeftes van 'n steeds toenemende populasie, die omgewing sal degradeer. Hierdie studie het die hipotese getoets dat die afsny van A. erioloba in die Noord- Kaap aangedryf word deur (a) die mark aanvraag in die Wes-Kaap, (b) onkunde oor die langtermyn ekologiese gevolge en/of (c) onkunde oor die wetgewing van hierdie produk by die skakels in die verskaffersketting. Die aanname is dat wie ook al betrokke is by die A. erioloba vuurmaakhout-industrie (hulpbron eienaar, handelaar of gebruiker) is beide onbewus van die beskermde status van die hulpbron asook van die negatiewe gevolge geassosieer met die oorbenutting van die hulpbron of hulle is aangedryf deur korttermyn monetêre gewin. Daarom is dit nodig om die behoefte van elke deelnemer in die ketting te verstaan en om verder uit te vind of daar plaasvervangers vir A. erioloba vuurmaakhout is. Die resultate van hierdie studie toon dat daar 'n aanvraag is vir vuurmaakhout in die studie-area en dat hierdie aanvraag hoofsaaklik gedryf word deur die beskikbaarheid, eerder as die kwaliteit van die hout. Daar salook aangetoon word dat Acacia mearnsii, wat in die studie-area beskikbaar is, 'n beter produk is as A. erioloba en dus 'n geskikte plaasvervanger kan wees, maar dit wil voorkom of die verbruikers omtrent enigiets sal brand wat kole sal verskaf. A. cyclops is die vuurmaakhout van voorkeur in die studie-area. Handelaars en verbruikers verstaan nie die konsep van inheemse bome duidelik nie. Die vernaamste rolspelers in die verskaffersketting is die handelaars en die eienaars van die vervoer en hulle kan die teikengroep wees as die handel in vuurmaakhout in die korttermyn stopgesit word. Die resultate het verder na vore gebring dat die meerderheid verbruikers daarvan bewus is dat inheemse bome beskermd is in Suid-Afrika, maar die meerderheid handelaars is nie hiervan bewus me. Hierdie studie maak die aanbeveling dat handel in vuurmaakhout totaal gestaak moet word deur strenger wette of deur die betrokkenheid van elke rolspeler en/of dat handel gereguleer moet word.

It is imperative to have quality assurance processes in place in division training to provide quality training to enable members of the South African Police Service (SAPS) to provide quality services to communities within their area of jurisdiction. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of and the need for implementation of effective quality assurance processes in education and training in the South African Police Service (SAPS). The concepts quality and quality assurance were explained in the literature review. Questionnaires were completed by the trainers in the South African Police Service (SAPS) at various training centers in the Northern Cape Province. The researcher advocates to promote and enhance quality assurance in education and training programmes in the South African Police Service (SAPS). Therefore, it is recommended that quality assurance programmes be introduced based on total quality management system for continuous improvement which can provide any training programme with a set of “tools” to meet and exceed the present needs and expectations of the adult learners in the South African Police Service (SAPS) context. / Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Descriptive surveys were employed to investigate the competencies of newly qualified nurses (NQNs) as viewed by senior professional nurses (SPNs). The study used questionnaires for collecting data. Questionnaires were delivered by the researcher and also collected by the researcher after completion. SPNs working at thirteen hospitals, that is, six in the former Gazankulu, three in the fonner Venda, and four in the form.er Lebowa health services (falling within the Northern Province of the RSA since April 1994) constituted the subjects of this study. Scientific sampling techniques were not employed as the total population of 396 SPNs was studied. This study obtained responses from 259 SPNs. Findings indicated that specific cognitive, affective and psychomotor competencies were expected ofNQNs upon entering the work setting, as perceived by SPNs. NQNs were perceived to be competent in performing numerous, but not all, clinical competencies which were outlined in the four groups' questionnaires. Application of stages of the nursing process (problem solving and clinical judgement), research, management and administration of a clinical unit, nursing ethics and critical care were perceived by the SPNs to be the central focus ofNQNs' incompetency in all four clinical nursing units, namely community, psychiatric, midwifery and general units. Nevertheless, SPNs were aware that they should provide guidance and support to NQNs. An attempt to elicit SPNs' views on the competencies NQNs should have in the practical situation, could benefit NQNs at grassroots level. Such information could provide curriculum developers with realistic input which would assist in the delineation and refinement of the professional competencies expected of nurses trained in the comprehensive course leading to registration as a nurse (general, psychiatric, and community) and midwife. The identified competencies could improve the quality of care and the nursing standards if they could be mastered by NQNs in the health services included in this research. On the basis of these research findings, the expected competencies, which were perceived by the SPNs to be incompetently performed by NQNs, were used to compile an orientation list of competencies to be mastered by NQNs in their first professional position (Annexure D). / Health Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Advanced Nursing Science)

The Paleoproterozoic Transvaal Supergroup in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa is host to high-grade BIF-hosted hematite iron-ore deposits and is the country’s most important source of iron to date. Previous work has failed to provide a robust and all-inclusive genetic model for such deposits in the Transvaal Supergroup; in particular, the role of hydrothermal processes in ore-genesis has not been adequately clarified. Recent studies by the author have produced evidence for hydrothermal alteration in shales (Olifantshoek Supergroup) stratigraphically overlying the iron-ore intervals; this has highlighted the need to reassess current ore-forming models which place residual supergene processes at the core of oregenesis. This thesis focuses on providing new insights into the processes responsible for the genesis of hematite iron ores in the Maremane anticline through the use of newly available exploration drill-core material from the centre of the anticline. The study involved standard mineralogical investigations using transmitted/reflected light microscopy as well as instrumental techniques (XRD, EPMA); and the employment of traditional whole-rock geochemical analysis on samples collected from two boreholes drilled in the centre of the Maremane anticline, Northern Cape Province. Rare earth element analysis (via ICP-MS) and oxygen isotope data from hematite separates complement the whole-rock data. Iron-ore mineralisation examined in this thesis is typified by the dominance of Fe-oxide (as hematite), which reaches whole-rock abundances of up to 98 wt. % Fe₂O₃. Textural and whole-rock geochemical variations in the ores likely reflect a variable protolith, from BIF to Fe-bearing shale. A standard supergene model invoking immobility and residual enrichment of iron is called into question on the basis of the relative degrees of enrichment recorded in the ores with respect to other, traditionally immobile elements during chemical weathering, such as Al₂O₃ and TiO₂. Furthermore, the apparently conservative behaviour of REE in the Fe ore (i.e. low-grade and high-grade iron ore) further emphasises the variable protolith theory. Hydrothermally-induced ferruginisation is suggested to post-date the deposition of the post-Transvaal Olifantshoek shales, and is likely to be linked to a sub-surface transgressive hydrothermal event which indiscriminately transforms both shale and BIF into Fe-ore. A revised, hydrothermal model for the formation of BIF-hosted high-grade hematite iron ore deposits in the central part of the Maremane anticline is proposed, and some ideas of the author for further follow-up research are presented.

This study investigates variables that influence choice of Physical Science as a secondary school subject. The variables are pupil, home environment, teacher and school environment. A questionnaire was administered to 849 grade 9 pupils. The following findings are recorded: The better pupils achieve in Science the more likely that they will further their studies in Science. If pupils have positive self-concepts, beliefs about, attitudes and interest in Science and enjoyed Science at primary school they are inclined to choose Science as a subject. Pupils who choose Science view it as a valuable subject for daily life, have parents who evaluate Science favourably and come from better socio-economic backgrounds than those who do not choose Science. These pupils also view the attitudes, personalities, competencies and methods of assessment of their Science teachers positively. Finally, they perceive the Science curricula and textbooks as beneficial. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Educational Studies / M. Ed. (History of Education)