Um Data Warehouse (DW) é um banco de dados centralizado, orientado por assunto, integrado, não volátil e histórico, criado com o objetivo de dar apoio ao processo de tomada de decisão e que estrutura os dados em uma arquitetura analítica bastante distinta da arquitetura relacional utilizada nos bancos de dados transacionais. Construir um DW é um projeto de engenharia bastante complexo pois envolve muitas tecnologias e muitas pessoas, de diferentes equipes, em um grande esforço conjunto para construir esta base central de informações corporativas. O processo tradicional de construção de um DW não utiliza conceitos ágeis e, pelo escopo de desenvolvimento ser grande, pode levar muito tempo até que funcionalidades sejam entregues aos clientes. Os métodos ágeis de engenharia de software são muito usados como uma alternativa aos métodos tradicionais de desenvolvimento e têm diferenciais que trazem muito valor a projetos grandes pois, além de buscar desenvolver versões funcionais em prazos curtos, defendem que todos os sistemas têm a constante necessidade de se adaptar a mudanças. Neste trabalho são aplicadas práticas ágeis no processo tradicional de engenharia de DW para que o desenvolvimento seja realizado em ciclos iterativos curtos, tornando possível o desenvolvimento rápido e evolutivo de um DW com entregas constantes de novas funcionalidades. A contínua evolução deste complexo ambiente analítico é apoiada por conceitos de banco de dados evolutivos e também por fundamentos de métodos ágeis. / A data warehouse (DW) is a central database, subject-oriented, integrated, nonvolatile, and time-variant collection of data in support of management\'s decision making process and that summarize the data in an analytic architecture quite different from the relational one, used in transactional databases. Building a DW is a complex engineering project because it involves many technologies and many people, from different teams, in a huge corporative effort to build a central database with corporative data. The traditional engineering process to build a DW does not use agile concepts and, as its scope is quite big, it might takes a long time until the customer can use its features. Agile methods of software engineering are commonly used as an alternative to the traditional methods and they have some differentials that lead a lot of value to big projects, as the continuous attempt to develop short releases in short periods of time, or the belief that every system needs to be continuously adapted to the changes on its environment. This work applies agile practices in the traditional DW engineering method, so that the development can be done in short iterative cycles, making possible a fast and evolutive DW project, with frequent delivering of new functionalities. The continuous evolution of this complex analytical environment is supported by evolutive database concepts and also for agile methods foundations.

Os métodos ágeis introduziram uma nova abordagem de desenvolvimento de software, enfatizando os indivíduos, o produto e a comunicação. Prometem alta satisfação do cliente, baixo índice de erros, tempo de desenvolvimento mais rápido e uma solução para a rápida mudança de requisitos. Por outro lado, modelos de qualidade de software, como o CMMI, prometem previsibilidade, estabilidade e segurança, melhorando a qualidade dos produtos e dos processos da empresa. O intuito desta pesquisa é unir estas duas abordagens na tentativa de aproveitar as vantagens de ambas. Como resultado, apresenta-se o framework Scrum-DR, uma extensão do Scrum, aderente às diretrizes do CMMI-DEV na categoria Suporte. O Scrum-DR possui características do desenvolvimento ágil de software e contempla a utilização de técnicas de Design Rationale, apresentando um modelo que soluciona uma importante questão nas metodologias ágeis. / Agile methods introduced a new approach to software development, emphasizing individuals, product, and communication. They promise high customer satisfaction, low error rates, faster development time and a solution for rapidly changing requirements. On the other hand, software quality models, such as CMMI, promise predictability, stability and security, improving the quality of the company\'s products and processes. The purpose of this research is to link these two approaches in an attempt to take advantage of both. As a result, the Scrum-DR framework, a Scrum extension, adhering to the CMMI-DEV guidelines in the Support category is presented. Scrum-DR has characteristics of agile software development and contemplates the use of Design Rationale techniques, presenting a model that solves an important issue in agile methodologies.

Agile software development approaches have emerged as a response to perceived frustrations of more heavyweight plan-driven methods, and have now become well established within the information systems field. More recently, there has been a tremendous growth in applying agile methods in globally distributed settings. In light of this, there is a pressing need to understand how agile practices are adapted which were originally conceived for collocated settings, and now actually being used in globally distributed settings, taking into account the challenges posed by such contexts. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to this research gap, with a quest to better understand and unpack the "black-box" of how collaborative practices evolve within global agile settings. The value of this research lies in improving and advancing our understanding of the challenges the team members go through in adapting agile practices in global contexts. The research also explores how collaborative practices can support agility in globally distributed settings. In order to contribute to knowledge and increase conceptual clarity, there is a need to carry out in-depth and in-situ research within an organisational context. By taking a socio-technical perspective this study intends to extend our existing knowledge on how collaborative practices are evolving in real-time practice within globally distributed agile settings. The empirical evidence is drawn from a globally distributed team, operating in a global financial bank with offices based in London and Delhi. Interpretive research methods including semi-structured interviews and observations are used to understand team members' experiences of developing collaborative practices in a globally distributed context. Although existing literature on agile software development acknowledges the intrinsic significance of collaboration for effective functioning of agile methods, current studies fail to demonstrate a situated practice perspective on how collaborative practices are adapted in globally distributed settings. This study enlists the analytical concepts of boundary objects and Pickering's "mangle of practice" to better understand the process of how collaborative practices evolve in globally distributed agile teams. The resulting analysis provides us with a much more nuanced understanding of how interactions take place in developing collaborative practices in globally distributed contexts. The findings reveal that collaborative practices within such settings tend not to follow from pre-set expectations of how agile practices should work, but are temporally emergent. Team members have to revise collaborative practices through an ongoing process of mutual "tuning" within their situated contexts, in order to achieve a gradual state of interactive stability or a steadiness of practices. The results demonstrate how actors address the challenges in developing shared understandings to drive forward the joint software development process across global locations and move towards supporting agility within the projects. The thesis presents a pluralistic conceptual framework called the Collaborative Tuning Approach, which aids in gaining critical insights of issues related to adapting agile practices and also demonstrates how collaborative practices can act as enabler to achieving agility in such settings. The framework explains the challenges the team members face and how these are overcome when attempting to modify practices and indeed how these evolve through an ongoing state of flux and uncertainty leading to hybrid agile practices.

A qualidade dos sistemas de software é uma preocupação de todo bom projeto e muito tem se estudado para melhorar tanto a qualidade do produto final quanto do processo de desenvolvimento. Teste de Software é uma área de estudo que tem crescido significativamente nos últimos tempos, em especial a automação de testes que está cada vez mais em evidência devido à agilidade e qualidade que pode trazer para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de software. Os testes automatizados podem ser eficazes e de baixo custo de implementação e manutenção e funcionam como um bom mecanismo para controlar a qualidade de sistemas. No entanto, pouco conhecimento sobre a área e erros comuns na escrita e manutenção dos testes podem trazer dificuldades adicionais aos projetos de software. Testes automatizados de baixa qualidade não contribuem efetivamente com o controle de qualidade dos sistemas e ainda demandam muito tempo do desenvolvimento. Para evitar esses problemas, esta dissertação apresenta de forma crítica e sistemática as principais práticas, padrões e técnicas para guiar o processo da criação, manutenção e gerenciamento dos casos de testes automatizados. Inicialmente, são feitas comparações entre a automação de testes e outras práticas de controle e garantia de qualidade. Em seguida, são apresentados os problemas e soluções mais comuns durante a automação de testes, tais como questões relacionadas a tipos específicos de algoritmos, sistemas com persistência de dados, testes de interfaces de usuário e técnicas de desenvolvimento de software com testes automatizados. Para finalizar, a dissertação traz uma reflexão sobre o gerenciamento e a abordagem da automação de testes para tornar o processo mais produtivo e eficaz. / The quality of software systems is a concern of every good project and much has been studied to improve the quality of the final product and process development. Software Testing is an increasing area, especially test automation, which is in evidence due to the speed and quality that it may bring to the development of software systems. Automated tests can be effective and can have a low cost of implementation and maintenance to ensure and control the quality of the systems. However, little knowledge about the area and common errors in writing and maintaining tests may bring additional difficulties to the software projects. Low quality automated tests do not contribute effectively to quality control systems and still take a long time of development. To avoid these problems, we present critically and systematically the core practices, standards and techniques to guide the process of creation, maintenance and management of automated test cases. Initially, comparisons are made between the test automation, other control practices, and quality assurance. Next, we present the most common problems and solutions for the automation of tests, such as issues related to specific types of algorithms, systems with data persistence, testing user interfaces and techniques for software development with automated tests. Finally, this essay reflects on the management and approach to test automation to make the process more productive and effective.

Os métodos ágeis introduziram uma nova abordagem de desenvolvimento de software, enfatizando os indivíduos, o produto e a comunicação. Prometem alta satisfação do cliente, baixo índice de erros, tempo de desenvolvimento mais rápido e uma solução para a rápida mudança de requisitos. Por outro lado, modelos de qualidade de software, como o CMMI, prometem previsibilidade, estabilidade e segurança, melhorando a qualidade dos produtos e dos processos da empresa. O intuito desta pesquisa é unir estas duas abordagens na tentativa de aproveitar as vantagens de ambas. Como resultado, apresenta-se o framework Scrum-DR, uma extensão do Scrum, aderente às diretrizes do CMMI-DEV na categoria Suporte. O Scrum-DR possui características do desenvolvimento ágil de software e contempla a utilização de técnicas de Design Rationale, apresentando um modelo que soluciona uma importante questão nas metodologias ágeis. / Agile methods introduced a new approach to software development, emphasizing individuals, product, and communication. They promise high customer satisfaction, low error rates, faster development time and a solution for rapidly changing requirements. On the other hand, software quality models, such as CMMI, promise predictability, stability and security, improving the quality of the company\'s products and processes. The purpose of this research is to link these two approaches in an attempt to take advantage of both. As a result, the Scrum-DR framework, a Scrum extension, adhering to the CMMI-DEV guidelines in the Support category is presented. Scrum-DR has characteristics of agile software development and contemplates the use of Design Rationale techniques, presenting a model that solves an important issue in agile methodologies.

A potential solution to producing quality software in an acceptable time frame may be found by using the newer, innovative methods, such as collaborative software development. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the individual developer characteristics, developmental settings, collaborative methods and the processes during development that impact collaborative programming performance and satisfaction outcomes. Understanding individual differences in performance in the collaborative development setting is important, since it may help us understand how the collaborative setting may raise the lowest level of performance to much higher levels, as well as how to select individuals for collaborative development. Exploring the impact of the virtual setting on collaborative development processes is important as it may help us improve performance outcomes in different work settings. Investigating how adaptations of pair programming impact collaborative processes may assist in implementing changes to the method that enhance quality and individual satisfaction. A multi-phase methodology is used, consisting of an intensive process study (Study 1) and two laboratory experiments (Studies 2 and 3). Study 1 illustrates that collaborative programming (pair programming) outcomes are moderated by both individual developer differences and the processes used during development. While cognitive ability and years of IT experience are important factors in performance, the impacts of conflict and the faithful appropriation of the method are highlighted. Distributed cognition is used as a theoretical foundation for explaining higher performance. Study 2 findings suggest that while collaborative programming is possible in a virtual setting, performance is negatively impacted. Face-to-face programmers have significantly higher levels of task performance, as well as satisfaction with the method, when compared to virtual programmers. Study 3 results suggests that the use of structured problem solving (preparing test cases before writing code) may be a key factor in producing higher quality code, while collaboration may be indusive to higher levels of developer satisfaction.By understanding how, why and when collaborative programming techniques produce better performance outcomes and what factors contribute to that success, we add to the body of knowledge on methodologies in the MIS domain.

This study defines the systems development methodologies named agile methods and investigates the environmental conditions where agile methods are most suitable. A definition of agile methods was developed using an analytical comparativeframework to investigate five of the earliest published agile methods; Dynamic SystemsDevelopment Method, Extreme Programming, Scrum, Adaptive Software Development,and Crystal Methods. The framework decomposed each method into its componentparts; philosophy, models, techniques, tools, scope, outputs, practice, and the extent towhich the method may be adapted to a situation. Based on this analysis and a literaturereview, a theoretical model of the target environment for agile methods was developed.This theoretical model is a proposed set of organisation, people, project, technology,and domain factors that relate to the successful use of an agile method.A mixed method research methodology was used. A qualitative design, consisting ofpositivist case studies, was used to test the theoretical model. Data was gathered fromnine software development projects, both agile and non-agile, using questionnaires andinterviews of project leaders. Then cross-case analysis was carried out on each projectfactor in the theoretical model. The relationship between environmental factors andagile method usage was investigated using non-parametric quantitative data analysis.This led to a revised model of the target environment for agile methods. The empiricaldata showed that specific organisational culture factors correlate with effective use of anagile method. These include the organisational characteristics of feedback and learning,teamwork, empowerment of people, collaboration, leadership, loyalty, and a resultsorientedculture that values entrepreneurship, innovation and risk taking.This research is significant for method users, those carrying out empirical research into agile methods, and those carrying out studies of systems development methodologies.

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The approach proposed in this thesis contributes to implementing source code reuse and re-engineering techniques for agile software development. This work includes an introduction to feature models and some of the Feature Oriented Software Development (FOSD) practices to achieve a lightweight way of retrieving source code. A Feature model created during the course of following FOSD practices serves as an additional layer of documentation which represents the problem space for the developed application. This thesis proposes linking source code with such a feature model for the purpose of identifying and retrieving code. This mechanism helps with accessing the code segment corresponding to a feature with minimal effort, thus suits agile development methods. At the moment, there is a gap between feature oriented approaches and agile methods. This thesis tries to close this gap between high-level approaches for software modelling (feature modelling) and agile methods for software development.

<p>Litteratur inom systemutvecklingsområdet visar behov av nya snabbare systemutvecklingsmetoder. Orsaken är komplexiteten både i systemutvecklings</p><p>projekten och i organisationer, där systemutveckling sker. Nu föredras små projekt, som omfattar färre än tio deltagare och genomförs på mindre än ett år. De traditionella systemutvecklingsmetoder anses vara lämpliga för stora projekt. Det finns nya systemutvecklingsmetoder, som får benämningen dynamiska metoder, för små projekt. I detta examensarbete studeras faktorer för två dynamiska metoder som gör dem lämpliga för små projekt. De två dynamiska metoderna som kommer att studeras är Extreme Programming och en specifik dokumenterad anpassning av RUP.</p><p>Syftet med detta examensarbete är att studera metoddokumentationen för två dynamiska metoder för att reda ut i vilken utsträckning de passar för små projekt. Ett ytterligare syfte är att genom analys av andras erfarenheter om tillämpningar av de två metoderna redogöra för det som styrker argumenten om deras lämplighet för små projekt.</p><p>För att besvara frågeställningen studerades litteratur och ett antal artiklar. Två telefonintervjuer genomfördes också för att besvara en av de två delfrågorna, som tillsammans utgör frågeställningen för denna studie. Resultatet visar att den specifikt dokumenterade anpassade RUP inte följer alla aspekter för små projekt. Däremot följer Extreme Programming alla de aspekterna.</p>