Cohort study found that being insured and having longer exposure of health insurance significantly increased migrant workers' likelihood to use professional healthcare in Shenzhen, decreased their total occasions of professional healthcare utilisation, and were causally associated with a decrease in professional healthcare expenditures which were paid out-of-pocket in the 6 months of follow-up by migrant workers. / Internal migration has become a more and more prominent societal and economic phenomenon in mainland China and Shenzhen is one of the most frequently selected locales for rural-urban migrants. This thesis aims 1) to assess health status and to describe patterns of healthcare utilisation amongst migrant factory workers, 2) to follow up the sample over 6 months to understand the impact of health insurance participation on health service utilisation and health expenditures, and 3) to assess the implications for health policies. / Our results suggest that health strategies should take into consideration the specific health needs of the highly mobile factory migrant workers. Through insurance coverage, local health authorities may be able to help improve rural-urban migrant workers' health by improving services at community level, and incorporating psychological care in the services provided by Community Health Centres. / Questionnaire surveys were used in a representative sample from factory workers in Shenzhen. The baseline and follow-up studies were conducted during April to December 2009 in Shenzhen, China. / Results show that migrant factory workers in Shenzhen represent a broad combination of geographic complexity and have special socio-demographic characteristics. The results have specified some association between self-rated health and SES, and major correlates of depressive symptoms amongst migrant factory workers. The seroprevalence of antibodies to rubella amongst female migrant workers is too low to provide immunity in the population. Sex, age, education, sleeping hours and internet use were associated with being a current smoker. The crude two-week illness rate was 21.6%. More than half and 11.6% of sick migrant workers chose self-treatment or neglected their sickness, respectively. Self-perception of disease being not severe, lack of time and economic difficulties were the major explanations for not utilizing professional care. / Mou, Jin. / Adviser: Sian Meryl Griffiths. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-02, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-270). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

For many years Canada has quietly rationalized importing temporary “low-skilled” migrant labour through managed migration programs to appease industries desiring cheap and flexible labour while avoiding extending citizenship rights to the workers. In an era of international human rights and global competitive markets, the Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) is often hailed as a “model” and “win-win” solution to migration and labour dilemmas, providing employers with a healthy, just-in-time labour force and workers with various protections such as local labour standards, health care, and compensation. Tracing migrant workers’ lives between Jamaica, Mexico and Canada (with a focus on Ontario’s Niagara Region), this thesis assesses how their structural vulnerability as non-citizens effectively excludes them from many of the rights and norms otherwise expected in Canada. It analyzes how these exclusions are rationalized as permanent “exceptions” to the normal legal, social and political order, and how these infringements affect workers’ lives, rights, and health. Employing critical medical anthropology, workers’ health concerns are used as a lens through which to understand and explore the deeper “pathologies of power” and moral contradictions which underlie this system. Particular areas of focus include workers’ occupational, sexual and reproductive, and mental and emotional health, as well as an assessment of their access to health care and compensation in Canada, Mexico and Jamaica. Working amidst perilous and demanding conditions, in communities where they remain socially and politically excluded, migrant workers in practice remain largely unprotected and their entitlements hard to secure, an enduring indictment of their exclusion from Canada’s “imagined community.” Yet the dynamics of this equation may be changing in light of the recent rise in social and political movements, in which citizenship and related rights have become subject to contestation and redefinition. In analyzing the various dynamics which underlie transnational migration, limit or extend migrants’ rights, and influence the health of migrants across borders, this thesis explores crucial relationships between these themes. Further work is needed to measure these ongoing changes, and to address the myriad health concerns of migrants as they live and work across national borders.

For many years Canada has quietly rationalized importing temporary “low-skilled” migrant labour through managed migration programs to appease industries desiring cheap and flexible labour while avoiding extending citizenship rights to the workers. In an era of international human rights and global competitive markets, the Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) is often hailed as a “model” and “win-win” solution to migration and labour dilemmas, providing employers with a healthy, just-in-time labour force and workers with various protections such as local labour standards, health care, and compensation. Tracing migrant workers’ lives between Jamaica, Mexico and Canada (with a focus on Ontario’s Niagara Region), this thesis assesses how their structural vulnerability as non-citizens effectively excludes them from many of the rights and norms otherwise expected in Canada. It analyzes how these exclusions are rationalized as permanent “exceptions” to the normal legal, social and political order, and how these infringements affect workers’ lives, rights, and health. Employing critical medical anthropology, workers’ health concerns are used as a lens through which to understand and explore the deeper “pathologies of power” and moral contradictions which underlie this system. Particular areas of focus include workers’ occupational, sexual and reproductive, and mental and emotional health, as well as an assessment of their access to health care and compensation in Canada, Mexico and Jamaica. Working amidst perilous and demanding conditions, in communities where they remain socially and politically excluded, migrant workers in practice remain largely unprotected and their entitlements hard to secure, an enduring indictment of their exclusion from Canada’s “imagined community.” Yet the dynamics of this equation may be changing in light of the recent rise in social and political movements, in which citizenship and related rights have become subject to contestation and redefinition. In analyzing the various dynamics which underlie transnational migration, limit or extend migrants’ rights, and influence the health of migrants across borders, this thesis explores crucial relationships between these themes. Further work is needed to measure these ongoing changes, and to address the myriad health concerns of migrants as they live and work across national borders.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol, inst., 2002. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Os cortadores de cana-de-açúcar desta tese são os sujeitos de um estudo de caso situado nos canaviais de Cosmópolis, SP. Mas esses canavieiros, cujo trabalho é sinônimo de trabalho penoso, representam também uma Cosmópolis com o significado de cidade-universo. Representam a causa maior de trabalhadores submetidos a um trabalho penoso em busca de sua dignidade humana no trabalho. Não só Cosmópolis, também o produto de seus trabalhadores é realidade e metáfora. A monocultura da cana, que produz açúcar e etanol, é metáfora de doçura e movimento acelerado, de ideologia adocicada e produção acelerada. A aceleração da produção do etanol como produto estratégico e geopolítico é uma das causas principais da penosidade de seu trabalho. Nas estruturas que atravessam o canavial se revela o protótipo das formas hegemônicas e, ao mesmo tempo, patológicas de objetividade e subjetividade da sociedade contemporânea. A questão central dessa tese Como fazer vencer a dignidade no trabalho sobre o trabalho penoso nas condições da nova morfologia do trabalho imposta pelo capitalismo tardio? produziu três voltas pelo canavial. Uma resultou na reconstrução histórica do trabalho no canavial como pressuposto de uma posterior leitura estratégica. Da segunda volta traz narrativas dos canavieiros de hoje. As estruturas que produzem etanol e açúcar têm longa história de exploração entrelaçada com o sofrimento dos canavieiros. Do trabalho penoso incorporado ao novo paradigma de produção, não emergem perspectivas de emancipação ou de ruptura com essas estruturas alienantes dos quais fazem parte. A terceira volta procura, a partir do lugar dos canavieiros de Cosmópolis, fazer considerações estratégicas. Nessa leitura do canavial como realidade e metáfora, a Teoria Crítica serviu como pano de fundo e estrela-guia. Ela me obrigou a pensar a base normativa para a crítica social. O trabalho penoso pode ser criticado a partir dos parâmetros consagrados dos direitos humanos e da dignidade humana, que se encontram em declarações universais e constituições democráticas. O canavial como metáfora e realidade sistêmica não tem exterioridade para saídas. A dignidade deve vencer a penosidade no próprio canavial. O árduo trabalho da desconstrução sistêmica encontra um impulso forte na dor e no desejo. No sofrimento, nos disse Adorno, o especificamente materialista converge com aquilo que é crítico, com a práxis socialmente transformadora / The sugar cane cutters of this thesis are the subjects of a case study carried out on sugar cane plantations in the city of Cosmópolis, SP. But these sugar cane workers, whose job is a synonym of hard work, also represent a Cosmópolis with the meaning of city-universe. They represent the major cause of workers submitted to hard work seeking their human dignity through labor. Not only Cosmópolis, but also the product of its workers is reality and metaphor. The monoculture of sugar cane, which produces sugar and ethanol, is a metaphor of sweetness and accelerated movement, of sweetened ideology and accelerated production. The acceleration of ethanol production as a strategic and geopolitical product is one of the principal causes of the hardship of its work. The prototype of the hegemonic and at the same time - pathologic forms of objectivity and subjectivity of contemporary society is revealed in the structures which sustains the sugar cane plantation. The central question of this thesis how to make the dignity at work prevail over the hard work in the conditions of the new work morphology imposed by the late capitalism? led to three visits to the sugar cane plantation. One resulted in the historical reconstruction of the labor on the sugar cane plantation as presupposition of a posterior strategic analysis. From the second visit brings narratives of the sugar cane workers today. The structures which produce ethanol and sugar have a long history of exploitation interlaced with the suffering by the sugar cane workers. From the hard work incorporated into the new production paradigm, there do not emerge any perspectives of emancipation or rupture given such alienating structures of which they are part of. The third visit seeks to make strategic considerations based on the place where Cosmópolis sugar cane workers are. In this interpretation of the sugar cane plantation as reality and metaphor, the Critical Theory served as a background and guiding star. It made us think of the normative base for the social critique. The hard work can be criticized based on established parameters of human rights and human dignity, which are found in universal declarations and democratic constitutions. The sugar cane plantation as a metaphor and systemic reality has no exteriority for exits. The dignity must prevail over the hardship on the very plantation. The arduous labor of the systemic deconstruction finds a strong impetus in pain and desire. In suffering, Adorno said, the specifically materialist converges with that which is critical, with the society-transforming praxis\"

Os cortadores de cana-de-açúcar desta tese são os sujeitos de um estudo de caso situado nos canaviais de Cosmópolis, SP. Mas esses canavieiros, cujo trabalho é sinônimo de trabalho penoso, representam também uma Cosmópolis com o significado de cidade-universo. Representam a causa maior de trabalhadores submetidos a um trabalho penoso em busca de sua dignidade humana no trabalho. Não só Cosmópolis, também o produto de seus trabalhadores é realidade e metáfora. A monocultura da cana, que produz açúcar e etanol, é metáfora de doçura e movimento acelerado, de ideologia adocicada e produção acelerada. A aceleração da produção do etanol como produto estratégico e geopolítico é uma das causas principais da penosidade de seu trabalho. Nas estruturas que atravessam o canavial se revela o protótipo das formas hegemônicas e, ao mesmo tempo, patológicas de objetividade e subjetividade da sociedade contemporânea. A questão central dessa tese Como fazer vencer a dignidade no trabalho sobre o trabalho penoso nas condições da nova morfologia do trabalho imposta pelo capitalismo tardio? produziu três voltas pelo canavial. Uma resultou na reconstrução histórica do trabalho no canavial como pressuposto de uma posterior leitura estratégica. Da segunda volta traz narrativas dos canavieiros de hoje. As estruturas que produzem etanol e açúcar têm longa história de exploração entrelaçada com o sofrimento dos canavieiros. Do trabalho penoso incorporado ao novo paradigma de produção, não emergem perspectivas de emancipação ou de ruptura com essas estruturas alienantes dos quais fazem parte. A terceira volta procura, a partir do lugar dos canavieiros de Cosmópolis, fazer considerações estratégicas. Nessa leitura do canavial como realidade e metáfora, a Teoria Crítica serviu como pano de fundo e estrela-guia. Ela me obrigou a pensar a base normativa para a crítica social. O trabalho penoso pode ser criticado a partir dos parâmetros consagrados dos direitos humanos e da dignidade humana, que se encontram em declarações universais e constituições democráticas. O canavial como metáfora e realidade sistêmica não tem exterioridade para saídas. A dignidade deve vencer a penosidade no próprio canavial. O árduo trabalho da desconstrução sistêmica encontra um impulso forte na dor e no desejo. No sofrimento, nos disse Adorno, o especificamente materialista converge com aquilo que é crítico, com a práxis socialmente transformadora / The sugar cane cutters of this thesis are the subjects of a case study carried out on sugar cane plantations in the city of Cosmópolis, SP. But these sugar cane workers, whose job is a synonym of hard work, also represent a Cosmópolis with the meaning of city-universe. They represent the major cause of workers submitted to hard work seeking their human dignity through labor. Not only Cosmópolis, but also the product of its workers is reality and metaphor. The monoculture of sugar cane, which produces sugar and ethanol, is a metaphor of sweetness and accelerated movement, of sweetened ideology and accelerated production. The acceleration of ethanol production as a strategic and geopolitical product is one of the principal causes of the hardship of its work. The prototype of the hegemonic and at the same time - pathologic forms of objectivity and subjectivity of contemporary society is revealed in the structures which sustains the sugar cane plantation. The central question of this thesis how to make the dignity at work prevail over the hard work in the conditions of the new work morphology imposed by the late capitalism? led to three visits to the sugar cane plantation. One resulted in the historical reconstruction of the labor on the sugar cane plantation as presupposition of a posterior strategic analysis. From the second visit brings narratives of the sugar cane workers today. The structures which produce ethanol and sugar have a long history of exploitation interlaced with the suffering by the sugar cane workers. From the hard work incorporated into the new production paradigm, there do not emerge any perspectives of emancipation or rupture given such alienating structures of which they are part of. The third visit seeks to make strategic considerations based on the place where Cosmópolis sugar cane workers are. In this interpretation of the sugar cane plantation as reality and metaphor, the Critical Theory served as a background and guiding star. It made us think of the normative base for the social critique. The hard work can be criticized based on established parameters of human rights and human dignity, which are found in universal declarations and democratic constitutions. The sugar cane plantation as a metaphor and systemic reality has no exteriority for exits. The dignity must prevail over the hardship on the very plantation. The arduous labor of the systemic deconstruction finds a strong impetus in pain and desire. In suffering, Adorno said, the specifically materialist converges with that which is critical, with the society-transforming praxis\"

It was aimed to investigate the work meaning between generations of workers involved in the cashew nuts production process in the villages of Carrilho and Taboca (SE). Despite the prohibition of child labor, there is the persistence of child labor among the families of these workers, which justifies studies that intent to understand the meaning assigned to work between the generations of parents and children. The idea of generation thus serves to compare the perceptions about work outlined by the group of parents and the group of children, which probably received different socializing influences about labor. It was adopted multimethodological approach with nonprobability sampling. In study 1, it was investigated 100 parents and 100 children involved in the working process with cashew nuts with a socio-occupational questionnaire and the Inventário do Significado do Trabalho. It was used descriptive analysis (M, SD, f) and inferential (Cluster, t test, X2, r) for the data handling. The results indicated that, in the parentes group, were formed three evaluative clusters: Dialectical, Optimistic, and Uncritical; and four descriptives clusters: Satisfied, Instrumental, Conflicting and Devalued. In the children group, were formed 6 evaluative clusters: Dialectical, Uncritical, Optimistic, Recognized, Indifferent and Welcoming; and 5 descriptive clusters: Conflicting, Challenging, Satisfied, Painful and Neutral. In short, parents were optimistic in the value attributes, but they felt undervalued in the descriptive attributes. Whereas, the children group had a dialectical view of what work should be and how it actually is. In study 2, five parents and five children participated through semi-structured interview, which was evaluated by the Content Analysis. Results revealed that parents interpret the meaning of work as hard, with poor working conditions and unappreciated. The children seemed oblivious to the negative dimensions of work and the risks to which they were subjected, naturalizing the phenomenon. However, parents and children claim that the actions of inspection agencies are inconsistent with the reality of the villages, However, parents and children claims that the actions of inspection bodies is inconsistent with the reality of the villages, even though they persue curb juvenile exploitation. Finally, there are no speeches unfounded in this conflict or even ready-made solutions. / Objetivou-se investigar o significado do trabalho entre gerações de trabalhadores envolvidos no processo de beneficiamento de castanha de caju nos povoados Carrilho e Taboca (SE). Apesar da proibição do trabalho infanto-juvenil, há a permanência do trabalho infanto-juvenil entre as famílias destes trabalhadores, o que justifica estudos que se disponham a compreender o significado atribuído ao trabalho entre a geração de pais e filhos. A noção de geração serve, assim, como princípio de comparação das percepções esboçadas pelo grupo de pais e pelo grupo dos filhos com relação ao trabalho, os quais provavelmente receberam diferenciadas influências socializadoras sobre o trabalho. Adotou-se abordagem multimetodológica, com amostragem nãoprobabilística. No estudo 1, investigou-se 100 genitores e 100 filhos envolvidos no processo de trabalho com a castanha de caju com um questionário sociolaboral, e o Inventário do Significado do Trabalho. Utilizaram-se análises descritivas (M, DP, f) e inferenciais (Cluster, teste t, X2, r) para o tratamento dos dados. Resultados indicaram que, no grupo de pais, formaram-se 3 clusters valorativos: Dialético, Otimista, e Acrítico; e 4 descritivos: Satisfeito, Instrumental, Conflitante, e Desvalorizado. No grupo de filhos, formaram-se 6 clusters valorativos: Dialético, Acrítico, Otimista, Reconhecido, Indiferente, e Acolhedor; e 5 clusters descritivos: Conflitante, Desafiador, Satisfeito, Penoso, e Neutro. Em suma, os pais demonstraram otimismo nos atributos valorativos, mas sentiram-se desvalorizados nos atributos descritivos. Já os filhos possuíam uma visão dialética do que o trabalho deva ser e como de fato é. No estudo 2, participaram 5 pais e 5 filhos, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, avaliada a partir da Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados mostraram que os pais interpretam o significado do trabalho como árduo, com precárias condições de trabalho e desvalorizado. Os filhos pareciam alheios às dimensões negativas do trabalho e aos riscos a que estavam submetidos, naturalizando o fenômeno. Entretanto, pais e filhos afirmam que a atuação de órgãos fiscalizadores é incongruente com a realidade dos povoados, ainda que os mesmos busquem coibir a exploração infanto-juvenil. Por fim, não há discursos improcedentes neste conflito ou mesmo soluções prontas.

Orientador: Edmundo Fernandes Dias / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T15:08:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Farias_LuizFelipeFerrariCerqueirade_M.pdf: 4578712 bytes, checksum: 74320b4456fdeabb5c554c44aee94d81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O objetivo deste texto é investigar as diferentes frações da classe trabalhadora subordinada ao capital agroindustrial no complexo citrícola paulista: pequenos produtores familiares de laranjas, assalariados rurais e assalariados industriais. Propomo-nos analisar as continuidades e descontinuidades sociais e políticas existentes entre estas diferentes frações, com o propósito de apreender a classe trabalhadora que compõe este complexo enquanto uma totalidade concreta. Para tanto, destacaremos e analisaremos trechos de entrevistas com múltiplos sujeitos que têm seu sobre trabalho explorado pelo capital agroindustrial citrícola no estado de São Paulo: pequenos produtores de laranjas que mantêm seu modo de vida e trabalho familiares; pequenos produtores de laranjas em acentuado processo de proletarização; pequenos proprietários ou posseiros migrantes que se assalariam periodicamente em lavouras paulistas; assalariados rurais manuais com e sem registro em carteira; operadores de máquinas agrícolas e transportadores de laranjas às agroindústrias; trabalhadores de chão de fábrica terceirizados ou efetivos, safristas ou permanentes. A partir da reprodução de citações o mais próxima possível à fala destes trabalhadores entrevistados, buscaremos analisar as tendências e contra-tendências de sua consciência a respeito das contradições a que estão submetidos e as múltiplas estratégias coletivas e individuais por eles acionadas para contorná-las / Abstract: The aim of this dissertation is to investigate different fractions of the working class subordinated to capital within the citric agroindustrial complex in São Paulo. We intend to analyze the social and political continuities and discontinuities among family citriculturists, rural wage workers and industrial wage workers. To do so, we will transcribe and examine interviews with multiple subjects exploited by the citric agroindustrial capital: small citriculturists who maintain their family way of work and life; small citriculturists in intensive process of proletarianization; squatters who periodically migrate to become wage earners in São Paulo; rural laborers and agricultural machine operators; truck drivers who transport oranges into the industries; industrial workers hired permanently or temporarily, etc. We will analyze the tendencies and counter-tendencies of their speech regarding the contradictions to which they are submitted, as well as the collective and individual strategies which they mobilize in response / Mestrado / Sociologia / Mestre em Sociologia

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (School of Public Health) / South Africa has an estimated two million documented and undocumented immigrants. In addition, Statistics South Africa (2014) notes very significant internal migration. This mobile population is affected by chronic communicable and non-communicable diseases such as TB, HIV, and diabetes, although it has a Constitutional right to health and healthcare. Their quality of healthcare and disease control also affects the general population and the burden on the health system can be increased by inadequately managed chronic conditions as well as acute health care needs. Access to healthcare and continuity of care reflect both patient agency and the health system. Community Health Workers (CHWs) play an important role in linking communities and patients to health services and vice versa. The aim of this study was to understand how agricultural migrants in the Cape Winelands District of Western Cape Province of South Africa navigated the healthcare system to access healthcare services including securing continuity of care, and in particular the role of CHWs in this process, in order to inform policy and practice.

This thesis provides a multi-method – historical, quantitative, qualitative, and jurisprudential – socio-legal case study of the unionization of agricultural workers in British Columbia. Agricultural employees have access to the Labour Relations Code of British Columbia. A historical examination of exclusion of agricultural workers from labour relations legislation from 1937 to 1975 explores the rationale behind labour relations laws and the political context of the legislative exclusion. Next, economic aspects of BC’s agricultural sector are described, with a focus on employment characteristics and the regionalised nature of agricultural production. Finally, this thesis explains the legal aspects of an ongoing campaign by the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) to unionize migrant and resident agricultural workers. The union organizing campaign shows how legal labour relations processes operate in relation to migrant workers in a sector with low rates of unionization and high rates of precarious and low-paid, dangerous work. / Graduate