Denna kvantitativa studie har som syfte att kartlägga kompetensen/utbildningsbakgrund och belysa möjligheterna till kompetensutveckling inom kommunal äldreomsorg. Studien bygger på svar från 108 elektroniska enkäter från undersköterskor och vårdbiträden inom kommunal äldreomsorg. Studiens resultat visar att det finns så mycket som 23,2% yrkesverksamma inom kommunal äldreomsorg som anser sig inte vara kvalificerade för sitt arbete. Studien visar också att kommunerna runt om i landet generellt erbjuder sina undersköterskor och vårdbiträden en bra mängd kompetensutveckling, dock visar det sig att man i mindre kommuner har sämre tillgång på kompetensutveckling än i mellanstora kommuner. / This quantitative study has the purpose of mapping educational background and illustrate the possibilty of competence development in municipal elderly care. The study is based on answers from 108 electronic questionnaires from assistance nurses and nurse´s aides in municipal elderly care in Sweden. The result of the study shows that as much as 23,2% that are working in municipal elderly care is unqualified for their jobs. The study also shows that the municipalities around Sweden give their employees a good amount of competence development, but in the smaller municipalities there is less access to competence development than in the middle sized municipalities.

Ce travail traite des aides optroniques aux déplacements des non-voyants. Préalablement à ce travail, deux « détecteurs de passage » ont été développés au Laboratoire Aimé Cotton le « Tom Pouce » et le « Télétact ». Le « Tom Pouce » est simple d’utilisation mais présente des limitations pour détecter les passages étroits à des distances supérieures à trois mètres ainsi que pour éviter les poteaux fins. Le « Télétact » permet de gérer l’ensemble des situations mais le nombre d’utilisateurs est limité par l’effort cognitif important que demande son utilisation ainsi que sa fragilité.Le but principal de cette thèse est d’améliorer les capteurs ainsi que leur façon de représenter l’espace afin d’avoir un dispositif facile d’utilisation détectant tous les passages.Dans un premier temps, l’hypothèse que la forme de la zone de protection idéale devrait être d’aspect cylindrique est émise. La réalisation approchée de cette forme à partir de capteurs infrarouges est analysée théoriquement et validée expérimentalement. Deux dispositifs le « Tom Pouce II » et le « Minitact » utilisant ce concept ont été proposés à des non-voyants et ont reçu un accueil favorable. Dans un second temps, les capteurs laser télémétriques du « Télétact » ont été revus afin d’améliorer leurs performances permettant entre autres une moindre sensibilité aux contraintes mécaniques. Une nouvelle forme d’association des capteurs infrarouges et laser permet de gérer l’ensemble des configurations de passages, y compris en chicane, avec une interface tactile ayant seulement trois niveaux d’alerte correspondant à trois zones de protection (moins de 2 mètres de profondeur sur 10 cm de large, entre 2 et 6 mètres sur plus de 50 cm de large, plus de 6m de profondeur et 1m de large ) avec un effort cognitif très réduit par rapport au « Télétact » initial utilisant 32 sons différents. Des outils pour pouvoir analyser objectivement les performances des dispositifs dans des environnements contrôlés ont été mis au point afin de pouvoir ajuster finement les formes des zones de protection. Un dernier point concerne les possibilités d’identification des obstacles, l’imagerie est explorée mais s’avère immature, actuellement seules les « astuces d’utilisation » des capteurs sont opérationnelles. / This work deals with optical electronic travel aids for visually impaired people. Initially, two devices allowing the detection of an unrestricted path were developed at the Aime Cotton Laboratory: the "Tom Pouce" and the "Télétact". The "Tom Pouce" is simple to use but presents limitations for detecting narrow passages at distances over three meters as well as avoiding fine posts. The "Télétact" allows users to manage every situation but the number of users is restricted due to the cognitive effort required.The main purpose of this thesis is to improve the sensors as well as the way the spatial information is transmitted to the user to allow the safe detection of all passages with reduced cognitive effort.First, the hypothesis is that the ideal protection zone could be a cylindrical shape. The approached realization of the cylindrical shape with infrared sensors is theoretically analyzed and experimentally tested. Two devices,"Tom Pouce II" and "Minitact”, using this concept were proposed to visually impaired people already using the “Tom Pouce I”. They greatly appreciated the improvement.Second, the laser telemetric laser sensors of the «Télétact» were modified to improve their performance and to reduce the sensitivity of mechanical constraints during daily use. The association of infrared sensors and laser telemetric sensors allowed the management of all kinds of passages, including chicanes, with a tactile interface having only three levels of alert corresponding to three zones of protection (less than 2 meters deep and 10 cm wide, between 2 and 6 meters deep and about 50 cm wide, and more than 6m deep and 1m wide). The cognitive effort is greatly reduced compared to the initial "Télétact" , which used 32 different sounds.Third, tools to objectively analyze the performance of the implemented devices in controlled environments were developed to finely adjust the shape of the protection zones.The last point dealt with the possibilities of identification of obstacles, imagery is explored but it is proved to be premature. Nowadays only tricks of the trade are effectively working.

Thesis (MBA.) --University of Limpopo, 2016 / The Ward Based Outreach Teams (WBOT) Programme is established in South Africa as part of a series of strategies to strengthen Primary Health Care (PHC) and to improve service delivery in the country. The purpose of the study was to gain an understanding of the experiences of Community Health Workers (CHW) in the implementation of the WBOT programme. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the experiences of CHWs in the WBOT, to evaluate factors that facilitate the implementation and to make recommendations and strategies on what can be done to improve the WBOT programme. A quantitative research design was used where self-administered questionnaires were provided to respondents for data collection. Respondents were asked to complete the questionnaires; completed questionnaires were returned by only 12 of the 27 respondents, resulting in a 44% response rate. The study’s findings indicate that the Community Health Workers (CHWs) regarded the WBOT as helping the community in many ways such reducing the long queues at the clinic and providing the care of the patients in their own homes, although concerns about poor participation by the community structures and nurses in the health facilities were expressed. CHWs expressed experiences that were positive and negative when conducting their work in the community. The results from the study have shown that there are successes, challenges and lesson learned. The results of the study further indicated that the programme is being implemented well even though it is still in a pilot phase in the sub-district. The programme has managed to improve and save many lives in the communities of Kgetleng Sub-district. Despite the level of depth in this study, there is a crucial need for more for more in-depth research regarding the experiences of users of the WBOT services and to conduct similar studies looking into urban areas and to compare and contrast the rural and urban findings.

According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), approximately 1.3 million U.S. residents are residing in nursing homes. CMS enforced regulations in the Nursing Home Reform Act. Training in the use of restraints in nursing homes is monitored through the CMS standards. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a correlation between training standards of health care practitioners and their use of restraints in nursing homes based on the patterns of citations by RNs and CNAs. Data were collected from Kansas, Louisiana, and Ohio within the CMS Nursing Home Data Compendium. The key research question examined differences in standard training requirements, policies, and citations regarding restraint use in the selected states. The theoretical framework for this study was the social influence theory. The results of the analysis of variance indicated that between 2008 and 2012, there were significant differences in policy and standards requirements for the training of registered nurses and certified nursing assistants regarding restraint use; there was also a relationship between the training of staff and the number of citations of restraint use in Kansas, Louisiana, and Ohio. There were significant (p < .02) variations throughout the 3 states regarding the policies, procedures, and training expectations. The positive social change that could result from these findings is the standardization of training that may help decrease restraint use and become the foundation of more respectful and caring practices in nursing homes.

This two-part study evaluates a government sponsored Long Term Care Aide/ESL Program taken by a group of immigrant women. The purpose of the first part of the study was to assess how effective a B.C. government sponsored Long Term Care Aide/ESL program was in preparing a group of immigrant women for the workplace. A questionnaire was used to determine demographics and employment status. Also, it obtained perceptions on the strengths and weaknesses of the program. The purpose of the second part of this study was to hear the women's personal insights and voices about their experiences while taking the program and after the program. Semi-structured interviews were used to obtain these stories. Results from the quantitative questionnaire indicated that 94% of the immigrant women who had taken this course were employed as care aides. Three years after the completion this program, the women felt that the course had provided them with both a vocational skill and more English language skills. Results from the qualitative portion of this paper focused on how the women felt about their experiences in this Long Term Care Aide/ESL program in their own words. The data were analyzed and put into themes. Theme 1 was "The pain of renewal". It presented their collective stories of being an immigrant and struggling to begin again. Theme 2 was "The costs and the benefits". This theme presented the women's insights on working as care aides. Most of the women liked their jobs but found trying to secure a full time job difficult. Theme 3 was "The need to learn the language of care". All the women interviewed wanted to have more "caring" language, the "everyday" language to relate to their clients. Theme 4 was "Advice to other immigrant women". This theme revealed how some women felt about the work they did. The last theme, Theme 5, was "Hopes and dreams". Half of the women interviewed had aspirations to continue their education and these women were already enrolled in other health care courses. The results of the study are discussed and implications are drawn for research and pedagogy.

Diss. Luleå : Luleå tekniska univ., 2003.

Orientador: Maria da Graça Garcia Andrade / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T10:51:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Verri_BeatrizHelenadeMattosAraujo_D.pdf: 2941736 bytes, checksum: 2a31728c546fd9c05099b8fd358ef2c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) é considerado como uma estratégia de reorganização do modelo assistencial da rede básica, cujo foco são as famílias de determinado território, em que se utiliza a adscrição de clientela, a definição de micro-áreas de risco, o trabalho em equipe e a presença de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS), de forma a integrar ações de promoção, prevenção, assistência e reabilitação. Uma atividade regular do programa é a Visita Domiciliar (VD) realizada pelos ACS e que, por sua expressão numérica e potencial de intervenção na relação do programa com as famílias, constitui-se em objeto privilegiado de reflexão no interior do modelo assistencial. O presente estudo objetivou conhecer o significado, para famílias, equipes de PSF e gestores, da VD e do papel que nela desempenham os ACS, assim como a potência desse instrumento para captar as necessidades de saúde das famílias, de forma a subsidiar a construção de intervenções que favoreçam a autonomia dos usuários. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, cujo material empírico foi obtido através de entrevistas e observação participante. A pesquisa foi realizada no PSF do município de Amparo/SP, envolvendo três unidades de saúde da família, cinco equipes de saúde e 16 ACS. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com usuários, médicos, enfermeiros e gestores, e entrevistas em grupo com os ACS, assim como observação participante das visitas realizadas rotineiramente pelos agentes nos domicílios, em especial a pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas. Os resultados encontrados revelaram que, para as famílias, a VD tem significado a construção de vínculos afetivos com o programa e a equipe, a despeito de questionamentos quanto à resolutividade das visitas; expressaram, por outro lado, um intenso processo de medicalização no que concerne às expectativas quanto à forma de resolução dos seus problemas de saúde. OS ACS demonstraram grande responsabilização pelas famílias adscritas, mas, do ponto de vista institucional, mostraram dificuldades para captar as necessidades de saúde e, sobretudo, para articular junto à equipe, intervenções dirigidas a elas, assim como para lidar com a frustração decorrente da impossibilidade de enfrentá-las. A autonomia dos usuários não se apresentou como elemento constituinte dos objetivos da VD e da atuação do agente, não representando uma ferramenta utilizada pela equipe nos casos em que havia dificuldades para o controle da doença crônica. O estudo aponta a necessidade de rever a norma que orienta a periodicidade da VD e de reformular os seus objetivos e conteúdos, com o propósito de potencializar sua utilização no interior de projetos de cuidado integral elaborados pela equipe do PSF com a participação da família, bem como o desafio necessário de trabalhar na lógica da construção da autonomia dos usuários no cuidado à saúde / Abstract: The Family Health Program (FHP) is considered as a strategy of reorganization of the basic net model of assistance, focus of which is the families of a given territory, where it is used the clientele adscription, the definition of risk micro-areas, the team work and the presence of health community agents, in a way to integrate actions of promotion, prevention, assistance and rehabilitation. A regular activity of the program is the Home Visit (HV), accomplished by the Health Community Agents (HCA), and that, on account of its numerical expression and intervention potential in the family-program relation, constitutes privileged object of reflection within the model of assistance. The present study aimed at knowing the meaning, for families, FHP and managers teams, of the HV and the role the HCA play in there, as well as the power of that instrument to capture the families¿ health needs, in a way to subsidize the construction of interventions to favor the users¿ autonomy. It is a qualitative study, which made use of empirical material obtained through interviews and participant observation. The research was carried out in the Family Health Program of the municipal district of Amparo/SP, involving three units of family health, five health teams and 16 community agents. Individual interviews were performed with users, doctors, nurses and managers, and group interviews with HCA, as well as participant observation of the visits routinely accomplished by the HCA in the homes, especially to patients who carry chronic diseases. The results found revealed that for the families, the HV have meant the construction of a link of more affectionate character with the program and the health team, despite of queries over its effectiveness; on the other had, they have expressed an intense prescription-related process concerning expectations as for the way to solve their health problems. The HCA have demonstrated great responsibility for the adscripted families, but, on the institutional point of view, they showed some difficulties to capture the health needs, mainly aiming at articulating interventions along with the teams, as well as on how to deal with frustration originated from the impossibility of facing them. The users' autonomy did not come as constituent of the objectives of the visits and of the agents' performance, not representing a tool used by the team in the cases when there were difficulties for the control of the chronic disease. The study points to the need of reviewing the norm that guides the HV periodicity and of reformulating its objectives and contents, with the goal of potentializing its use within the total care projects elaborated by the FHP team with the family participation, as well as the necessary challenge of working in the logics of constructing the users¿ autonomy as for the health care / Doutorado / Saude Coletiva / Doutor em Saude Coletiva

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva skötares uppfattningar av specialistsjuksköterskans kompetens i psykiatrisk vård. Metod: För att analysera detta fenomen gjordes en intervjustudie med kvalitativ design och en fenomenografisk analys tillämpades. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes där nio skötare verksamma i den psykiatriska vården vid tiden för intervjutillfället deltog. Med avsikt att finna variation bland uppfattningarna bearbetades och analyserades det transkriberade materialet i en analys omfattande sju steg. Resultat: Fyra kategorier av skötarnas uppfattningar identifierades: Osynlig kompetens, otydlig kompetens, synlig kompetens och tydlig kompetens. Relationen mellan dessa kategorier förhöll sig hierarkiskt i förhållande till i vilken grad specialistsjuksköterskans kompetens uppfattades. Slutsats: Skötarens uppfattningar ger uttryck för att det finns ett starkt behov av specialistsjuksköterskans kompetens samtidigt som man inte kan se hur den urskiljer sig från skötarens egen kompetens. Områden i specialistsjuksköterskans kompetens som har stor betydelse för och kompletterar skötarens egen kompetens värdesätts särskilt, såsom specialistsjuksköterskans arbetsledarroll, samarbetsförmåga, somatiska kunskap och helhetsbild av psykiatrin i övrigt. / Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how psychiatric aides’ understand the competence of specialist nurses in psychiatric care. Methods: In order to analyze this phenomenon, a phenomenographic interview study with qualitative design was carried out. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine psychiatric aides, working in psychiatric in-patient care at the time of the interview. In order to find the variation among the understandings, the transcribed material was processed and analyzed through an analyze method including seven steps. Results: Four categories of understandings were identified: invisible competence, unobvious competence, visible competence and obvious competence. The relationship between these different categories took a hierarchical structure in relation to the degree of which the specialist nurse competence was understood. Conclusions: The understandings of the psychiatric aides expresses the dependence of the specialist nurse's competence while at the same time one cannot see how it distinguishes itself from the psychiatric aides’ own competence. Areas of the specialist nurse competence that are of great importance for the psychiatric aides and complement their competence are especially valued, such as: the specialist nurse’s leadership, ability to cooperate, somatic knowledge and overall knowledge of psychiatry.

This two-part study evaluates a government sponsored Long Term Care Aide/ESL Program taken by a group of immigrant women. The purpose of the first part of the study was to assess how effective a B.C. government sponsored Long Term Care Aide/ESL program was in preparing a group of immigrant women for the workplace. A questionnaire was used to determine demographics and employment status. Also, it obtained perceptions on the strengths and weaknesses of the program. The purpose of the second part of this study was to hear the women's personal insights and voices about their experiences while taking the program and after the program. Semi-structured interviews were used to obtain these stories. Results from the quantitative questionnaire indicated that 94% of the immigrant women who had taken this course were employed as care aides. Three years after the completion this program, the women felt that the course had provided them with both a vocational skill and more English language skills. Results from the qualitative portion of this paper focused on how the women felt about their experiences in this Long Term Care Aide/ESL program in their own words. The data were analyzed and put into themes. Theme 1 was "The pain of renewal". It presented their collective stories of being an immigrant and struggling to begin again. Theme 2 was "The costs and the benefits". This theme presented the women's insights on working as care aides. Most of the women liked their jobs but found trying to secure a full time job difficult. Theme 3 was "The need to learn the language of care". All the women interviewed wanted to have more "caring" language, the "everyday" language to relate to their clients. Theme 4 was "Advice to other immigrant women". This theme revealed how some women felt about the work they did. The last theme, Theme 5, was "Hopes and dreams". Half of the women interviewed had aspirations to continue their education and these women were already enrolled in other health care courses. The results of the study are discussed and implications are drawn for research and pedagogy. / Education, Faculty of / Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of / Graduate

With the purpose of finding the motives behind use, production and reuse of Open Educational Resources (OER), the writer has conducted a qualitative survey. The three main questions in this two years master‟s thesis are: • Why do people use others‟ unmodified OER? • Why do people produce OER? • Why do people alter and reuse OER? The theoretic framework is built around Manuel Castells‟ network society, with its social and efficiency seeking dimension, along with the Knowledge commons. Some pedagogy is included as well. A web survey was distributed to 796 users of the Connexions OER repository. 95 responses were received. The results reveal the users, producers and reusers to be a diverse crowd. The belief in sharing knowledge and information is put forth as a motive behind taking part in the OER circuit, as are more practical thoughts about use in teaching or learning situations. Continuing reuse of own material is popular. The quality of material and user interfaces are claimed to be barriers against use. The verdict is not un-animous however, and there are possible signs of improvement ahead. Furthermore, the community around OER is described with warmth and surprise by several respondents. Among faculty the support for OER is varied, but on the internet the communication and encouragement is glob-al.