Ce mémoire porte sur la théorie des représentations de l’algèbre quantique Uqsl2 en q une racine de l’unité. Il étudie plus précisément certains modules de l’algèbre LUqsl2, l’extension de Lusztig de Uqsl2, lorsque q² est une p-racine primitive de l’unité pour p un entier supérieur ou égal à 2. Quatre familles de LUqsl2-modules de dimension finie, qualifiés de modules remarquables, sont identifiées : les modules simples et projectifs ainsi que les modules et comodules de Weyl. L’algèbre Uqsl2 possède une structure d’algèbre de Hopf ; cette dernière peut être étendue sur LUqsl2. L’antipode découlant de cette structure permet de définir la notion de dualité de LUqsl2-modules, à partir de laquelle sont construits les comodules de Weyl, tandis que le coproduit permet de définir le produit tensoriel de LUqsl2-modules, aussi appelé la fusion de modules. Le mémoire détermine les règles de fusion des modules remarquables : le produit tensoriel de toute paire de modules remarquables est exprimé comme une somme directe de modules indécomposables. Quoique les règles de fusion entre modules simples et projectifs aient été obtenues par Bushlanov, Feigin, Gainutdinov et Tipunin (cf. [7]), celles impliquant au moins un module ou comodule de Weyl sont nouvelles. / This thesis is devoted to the representation theory of the quantum algebra Uqsl2 for q a root of unity. More precisely it studies some modules of the algebra LUqsl2, the Lusztig extension of Uqsl2, when q² is a primitive p-root of unity for p an integer greater than or equal to 2. Four families of finite dimensional LUqsl2-modules, called remarkable modules, are identified: simple and projective modules as well as Weyl modules and comodules. The algebra Uqsl2 has a Hopf algebra structure; the latter can be extended to LUqsl2. The antipode of this structure is used to define a duality of LUqsl2-modules, from which the Weyl comodules are built, while the coproduct is used to define a tensor product of LUqsl2-modules, also called fusion of modules. This thesis determines the fusion rules of remarkable modules: the tensor product of any pair of remarkable modules is expressed as a direct sum of indecomposable modules. Although the fusion rules between simple and projective modules were obtained by Bushlanov, Feigin, Gainutdinov and Tipunin (cf. [7]), those involving at least one Weyl module or comodule are new.

This thesis contains four related papers which study different aspects of double constructions for braided Hopf algebras. The main result is a categorical action of a braided version of the Drinfeld center on a Heisenberg analogue, called the Hopf center. Moreover, an application of this action to the representation theory of rational Cherednik algebras is considered. Chapter 1 : In this chapter, the Drinfeld center of a monoidal category is generalized to a class of mixed Drinfeld centers. This gives a unified picture for the Drinfeld center and a natural Heisenberg analogue. Further, there is an action of the former on the latter. This picture is translated to a description in terms of Yetter-Drinfeld and Hopf modules over quasi-bialgebras in a braided monoidal category. Via braided reconstruction theory, intrinsic definitions of braided Drinfeld and Heisenberg doubles are obtained, together with a generalization of the result of Lu (1994) that the Heisenberg double is a 2-cocycle twist of the Drinfeld double for general braided Hopf algebras. Chapter 2 : In this chapter, we present an approach to the definition of multiparameter quantum groups by studying Hopf algebras with triangular decomposition. Classifying all of these Hopf algebras which are of what we call weakly separable type, we obtain a class of pointed Hopf algebras which can be viewed as natural generalizations of multiparameter deformations of universal enveloping algebras of Lie algebras. These Hopf algebras are instances of a new version of braided Drinfeld doubles, which we call asymmetric braided Drinfeld doubles. This is a generalization of an earlier result by Benkart and Witherspoon (2004) who showed that two-parameter quantum groups are Drinfeld doubles. It is possible to recover a Lie algebra from these doubles in the case where the group is free and the parameters are generic. The Lie algebras arising are generated by Lie subalgebras isomorphic to sl2. Chapter 3 : The universal enveloping algebra <i>U</i>(tr_n) of a Lie algebra associated to the classical Yang-Baxter equation was introduced in 2006 by Bartholdi-Enriquez-Etingof-Rains where it was shown to be Koszul. This algebra appears as the A_<i>n</i>-1 case in a general class of braided Hopf algebras in work of Bazlov-Berenstein (2009) for any complex reection group. In this chapter, we show that the algebras corresponding to the series <i>B_n</i> and <i>D_n</i>, which are again universal enveloping algebras, are Koszul. This is done by constructing a PBW-basis for the quadratic dual. We further show how results of Bazlov-Berenstein can be used to produce pairs of adjoint functors between categories of rational Cherednik algebra representations of different rank and type for the classical series of Coxeter groups. Chapter 4 : Quantum groups can be understood as braided Drinfeld doubles over the group algebra of a lattice. The main objects of this chapter are certain braided Drinfeld doubles over the Drinfeld double of an irreducible complex reflection group. We argue that these algebras are analogues of the Drinfeld-Jimbo quantum enveloping algebras in a setting relevant for rational Cherednik algebra. This analogy manifests itself in terms of categorical actions, related to the general Drinfeld-Heisenberg double picture developed in Chapter 2, using embeddings of Bazlov and Berenstein (2009). In particular, this work provides a class of quasitriangular Hopf algebras associated to any complex reflection group which are in some cases finite-dimensional.

Neste trabalho estudamos algumas características das álgebras de Koszul, como por exemplo, a maneira como elas se relacionam com suas respectivas álgebras de Yoneda. Descrevemos a álgebra de Yoneda de uma álgebra monomial e como aplicação construímos uma família de álgebras: as chamadas homologicamente auto-duais. Uma álgebra de Koszul pode ser definida a partir da existência de resoluções lineares dos módulos simples. Por isso faz-se necessário a dedicação de parte de nossa atenção ao estudo destas resoluções. Além disso, achamos interessante estudar métodos para a construção de resoluções projetivas de módulos sobre quocientes de álgebras de caminhos. Para tal construção usamos essencialmente a teoria de bases de Gröbner não comutativas. Finalmente, para o caso de módulos lineares sobre álgebras de Koszul, veremos que é possível modicar essa construção de modo que a resolução resultante seja linear. / In this work we study some features of Koszul algebras as, for example, the way that they are related with their Yoneda algebras. We describe the Yoneda algebra of a monomial algebra and as an application we construct a family of algebras: the so called homologically self-dual algebras. A Koszul algebra can be dened as an algebra for which there are linear resolutions of their simple modules. Because of this we dedicate part of our attention to the study of projective resolutions. The study of methods for the construction of projectives resolutions of modules over quotients of path algebras, has an of interest its own. For the study of projective resolutions we used the theory of noncommutative, Gröbner bases. Finally, for the case of linear modules over Koszul algebras, we will see that it is possible to modify the general construction described here, so that the resulting resolution is linear.

Neste trabalho será provado que as álgebras comutativas de potências associativas de dimensão n e nilíndice n-3, assim como, álgebras de dimensão 9 sobre C, são solúveis, estendendo os resultados conhecidos ao famoso Problema de Albert. Logo depois de estudar o problema de Albert, será dada uma descrição das tabelas de multiplicação para as álgebras comutativas de potências associativas de dimensão n maior do que 12 e nilíndice n-1 sobre um corpo de característica diferente de 2,3 e 5. / We will prove that commutative power-associative nilalgebras both of dimension n and nilindex n-3, or of dimension 9 over C, are solvable. This solve an specific case of famous Albert\'s problem. After that, we will make a description about multiplications of commutative power-associative nilalgebras of dimension n (greater or igual that 12) and nilindex n-1 over a field of characteristic diferent from 2,3 and 5.

Cette thèse présente quelques résultats de la théorie des représentations des algèbres de Cherednikrationnelles en t=0 et traite en particulier des différents ordres construits sur la partition de Calogero-Moserdes groupes imprimitifs.On commence par généraliser au cas abélien certains résultats obtenus par M. Chlouveraki concernant lesblocs d'algèbres en système de Clifford pour un groupe cyclique, puis on construit un ordre sur les C*-pointsfixes d'une variété complexe quasi-projective normale, en utilisant la décomposition de Bialynicki-Birula.Dans la deuxième partie, on s'intéresse à la description des partitions de Calogero-Moser de deux groupesde réflexions complexes K et W quand K est un sous-groupe distingué de W et on généralise au cas abélienles résultats obtenus par G. Bellamy dans le cas d'un quotient W/K cyclique.Dans la troisième partie, on présente les différents ordres, construits par I. Gordon, sur la partition deCalogero-Moser des groupes G(l,1,n) pour certains paramètres : les ordres des a et c-fonctions, un ordrecombinatoire et l'ordre géométrique, qui est défini grâce aux C*-points fixes de certaines variétés decarquois, ces points fixes paramétrant les blocs de la partition de Calogero-Moser de G(l,1,n). On donneensuite les relations entre ces ordres, puis on étend ces constructions ainsi que ces liens à l'ensemble desparamètres.Enfin, dans la dernière partie, on tente de généraliser ces propriétés aux groupes G(l,e,n). On cherche alors,pour construire l'ordre géométrique sur la partition de Calogero-Moser de G(l,e,n), une variété dont les C*-points fixes décrivent les blocs de la partition de G(l,e,n). Dans le cas où e ne divise pas n, on construit lavariété qui nous permet de définir l'ordre géométrique et de le relier aux autres ordres. Pour le cas e divise n,on propose une variété qui pourrait décrire par ses points fixes les blocs de Calogero-Moser de G(l,e,n) etnous permettre de construire l'ordre géométrique. / This work is a contribution to the representation theory of Rational Cherednik Algebras for t=0 and deals inparticular with different orders on the Calogero-Moser partition of imprimitive reflection groups.In the first part, we generalize to the abelian case some results about blocs of algebras in Clifford systemobtained by M. Chlouveraki in the cyclic case, and then we build an order on the C*-fixed points of acomplex, quasi-projective and normal variety, using the Bialynicki-Birula decomposition.The second part deals with the Calogero-Moser partition of two groups K and W, when K is a normalsubgroup of W, and generalize to the abelian case the results that G. Bellamy obtained when the quotientW/K is cyclic.In the third part, we present the different orders that I. Gordon built in the Calogero-Moser partition of thegroups G(l,1,n) and for some parameters : the orders of the a and c-functions, a combinatorial order and thegeometric order, defined using the C*-fixed points of some quiver varieties which parametrise the blocs of theCalogero-Moser partition of G(l,1,n). Then we give some relations between these orders and we extendthese constructions and these links for all parameters.Finally, in the last part, we try to generalize these properties for the groups G(l,e,n). We are looking for avariety whose C*-fixed points describe blocs of G(l,e,n) to construct the geometric order on the Calogero-Moser partition of G(l,e,n). When n is not divided by e, we build this variety that enables us to define thegeometric order and to show all the links with the other orders. When e don't divide n, we suggest a varietywhich could describe the blocs of G(l,e,n) and allow us to build the geometric order.

This paper is intended as a professional developmental tool to help secondary algebra teachers understand the concepts underlying the algorithms we use, how these algorithms developed, and why they work. It uses a historical perspective to highlight many of the concepts underlying modern equation solving.

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Let A and B be real or complex C*-algebras. Let V and W be real or complex (right) full Hilbert C*-modules over A and B, respectively. Let T be a linear bijective map from V onto W. We show the following four statements are equivalent. (a) T is a unitary operator, i.e., there is a ∗-isomorphism £\ : A ¡÷ B such that <Tx,Ty> = £\(<x,y>), ∀ x,y∈ V ; (b) T preserves TRO products, i.e., T(x<y,z>) =Tx<Ty,Tz>, ∀ x,y,z in V ; (c) T is a 2-isometry; (d) T is a complete isometry. Moreover, if A and B are commutative, the four statements are also equivalent to (e) T is a isometry. On the other hand, if V and W are complex Hilbert C*-modules over complex C*-algebras, then T is unitary if and only if it is a module map, i.e., T(xa) = (Tx)£\(a), ∀ x ∈ V,a ∈ A.

We present an axiomatization of relational varieties, i.e., classes of relational structures closed under formation of products and retracts, by a certain class of first-order sentences. We apply this result to categorically equivalent algebras and primal algebras. We consider the relational varieties generated by structures with minimal clone, rigid structures and two-element structures.

We will extend the conjugacy problem of maximal toral subalgebras for Lie algebras of the form $\g{g} \otimes_k R$ by considering $R=k[t,t^{-1}]$ and $R=k[t,t^{-1},(t-1)^{-1}]$, where $k$ is an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero and $\g{g}$ is a direct limit Lie algebra. In the process, we study properties of infinite matrices with entries in a B\'zout domain and we also look at how our conjugacy results extend to universal central extensions of the suitable direct limit Lie algebras.