Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:38:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lindomar Valentin Ferreira.pdf: 1215853 bytes, checksum: 2cb0836a827c452d5ca06c97f0d59f35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-13 / The population genetics aims to study the allelic and genotypic frequencies in populations and the mechanisms that these frequencies change over generations. This study aims to estimate and compare the allele frequencies of 15 autosomal STR markers, sheets of 501 tests the genetic link in 986 individuals in the population of Goiânia-Goiás. The markers that showed higher numbers of alleles were D18S51 and Penta E with 20 to 19. The marker that had allele frequency was higher for the TPOX 8 allele. Other statistical parameters analyzed demonstrated high PIC, PD and PE for the marker Penta E. Analysis of allele frequencies obtained in this study were statistically compared with populations of five regions of Brazil, by Student's t test, not intra-population differences were observed (p> 0.05). In this context, the genetic database based on the values of the allele frequencies of the population of Goiânia, can be used in testing the genetic link, as well as in studies of human identification, due to the similarities observed in other Brazilian populations. / A genética de populações visa o estudo das frequências alélicas e genotípicas em populações e os mecanismos capazes de mudar estas frequências ao longo das gerações. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo estimar e comparar as frequências alélicas de 15 marcadores autossômicos STR, de 501 planilhas de exames de vínculo genético em 986 indivíduos da população de Goiânia-Goiás. Os marcadores que apresentaram maiores números de alelos foram o D18S51 com 20 e o Penta E com 19. O marcador que teve maior frequência alélica foi o TPOX para o alelo 8. Outros parâmetros estatísticos analisados caracterizaram elevados PIC, PD e PE para o marcador Penta E. As análises das frequências alélicas obtidas neste estudo foram comparadas estatisticamente com populações de cinco regiões brasileiras, pelo teste t Student, e não foram verificadas diferenças intra populacionais significativas (p>0,05). Neste contexto, o banco de dados genéticos baseado nos valores das frequências alélicas da população de Goiânia, pode ser utilizado em testes de vínculo genético, assim como em estudos de identificação humana, devido às semelhanças verificadas com outras populações brasileiras.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TaissaMMO_DISSERT.pdf: 1807409 bytes, checksum: 3f71ff29b01e86200d456b984c7e8b08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Human population have a significant number of polymorphic loci, whose use and applications range from construction of linkage maps, to study the evolution of populations, through the determination of paternity, forensic medicine and migration. Currently, STRs (Short Tanden Repeats) markers are considered the major markers for human identification, mainly due to its abundance and high variability because of the fact that they are easily amplifiable by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), work with low amounts of DNA and be capable of automation processes involving fluorescence detection. The creation of regional databases containing allele frequencies of population provide subsidies to increase the reliability of the results of determining the genetic link. This paper aims to obtain a database of allele frequencies of 15 polymorphic molecular loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D5S818 e FGA) in a population classifies as born in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, totaling 1100 unrelated individuals. To evaluate the frequency, DNA samples were submitted to PCR amplification, followed by capilarry electrophoresis genetic sequencer. The frequencies identified in this study were compared with brazilian population in general and other states in Brazil. Except for the loci D21S11, D19S433 and D2D1338, the genotypes found were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and no significant differences among the frequencies were found in the populations studied. The most informative loci was D2S1338 and D18S51, and the less informative is the locus TPOX / As popula??es humanas apresentam um consider?vel n?mero de loci polim?rficos, cujo uso e aplica??es v?o desde a constru??o de mapas de liga??o at? estudos de evolu??o das popula??es, passando pela determina??o de paternidade, medicina forense e migra??o. Atualmente, os STRs (Short Tandem Repeats) s?o considerados os marcadores de identifica??o humana por excel?ncia, t?tulo em grande parte devido a sua abund?ncia e elevada variabilidade, devido ao fato de serem facilmente amplific?veis pela Rea??o em Cadeia da Polimerase, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), funcionarem com baixas quantidades de DNA e serem pass?veis de automa??o com processos envolvendo detec??o por fluoresc?ncia. A forma??o de bancos de dados regionais, contendo as frequ?ncias al?licas da popula??o de uma microrregi?o, fornece subs?dios para aumentar a confiabilidade dos resultados de determina??o de v?nculo gen?tico. Neste trabalho, visa-se a obten??o de um banco de dados das frequ?ncias al?licas de 15 loci polim?rficos moleculares (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D5S818 e FGA), em uma popula??o classificada como nascida no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, totalizando 1100 indiv?duos n?o aparentados. Para avalia??o das frequ?ncias, amostras de DNA foram submetidas ? amplifica??o por PCR, e os gen?tipos foram obtidos atrav?s de eletroforese capilar em sequenciador gen?tico. As frequ?ncias apuradas no presente estudo foram comparadas com as da popula??o brasileira em geral e com as de outros estados do Brasil. Com exce??o dos loci D21S11, D19S433 e D2S1338, os gen?tipos encontrados da popula??o do RN mostram-se em Equil?brio de Hardy-Weinberg, e sem grandes diferen?as significativas entre as frequ?ncias encontradas nas popula??es estudadas. Os loci mais informativos foram D2S1338 e D18S51, enquanto que o locus menos informativo foi o TPOX

A dissertação apresenta os resultados obtidos com o desenvolvimento de um programa de computação abrangente em interface gráfica para ambiente Windows visando a estimativa de parâmetros de interesse genético-populacional (freqüências alélicas, respectivos erros-padrão e intervalos de confiança a 95%) e o teste de hipóteses genéticas (equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg e análise de estruturação hierárquica populacional), por meio de métodos tradicionais e por meio de testes exatos obtidos com procedimentos de simulação (bootstrap e jackknife). / The dissertation presents the results obtained with the development of a comprehensive computation program (software), running on the Windows (MS) graphic interface, with the aim of: (a) estimating parameters of population genetic interest (such as allelic frequencies and their corresponding standard errors and 95% confidence intervals); and (b) performing the testing of genetic hypotheses (Hardy-Weinberg population ratios and analysis of population hierarchical structure) by means of traditional methods as well as through exact tests obtained with computer simulation procedures (bootstrap and jackknife methods).

<p>The objective of this study was to develop and validate a six Non-CODIS miniSTR genotyping system and to determine its suitability for forensic casework in South Africa. In Non-CODIS miniSTR genotyping systems, smaller PCR products are amplified and the primers are positioned as close as possible to the repeat region. For this reason, these systems can be valuable in a variety of scenarios including complex paternity cases, missing persons work, and mass fatality disasters.</p>

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of the SLC22A1 gene and to deduce its possible pharmacogenetic implications within the Cape Coloured population of South&nbsp / Africa / a uniquely admixed population of immigrant Europeans, Asians and the indigenous populations. Recent studies have reported an abundance of polymorphic variants within this solute&nbsp / carrier transporter gene encoding for the organic cation transporter 1, as well as evidence linking these variants to an effect on metformin uptake. This study included establishing baseline&nbsp / frequency distribution of previously reported alleles for 20 SNP variants within the SLC22A1 gene, as well as the development of SNaPshot&reg / and Multiplex AS-PCR genotyping assays, and&nbsp / also exploring the possibility of using High-resolution melt (HRM) analysis as a costeffective alternative for SNP genotyping. Ethics clearance was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the&nbsp / University of the Western Cape. Biological samples in the form of buccal (oral) swabs were collected from 132 unrelated voluntary donors from the Cape Coloured population residing in the&nbsp / Cape Metropolitan area. Two SNaPshot&reg / Multiplex Systems were specifically designed for the study,successfully optimized and used for genotyping. Hundred genetic profiles were then generated for a total of 20 SNP variants on SLC22A1 gene, using this primer extension-based genotyping method that enables multiplexing up 10 SNPs. Population genetics data obtained for&nbsp / the investigated SNPs were analysed using various statistical analysis software. Important population genetic parameters were calculated, and possible pharmacogenetics implications were then discussed. Among others, allelic and genotypic frequencies, as well as linkage disequilibrium were determined and compared with world populations. Minor deviation from Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium was observed in the Cape Coloured population. No significantLinkage Disequilibrium between the investigated SNPs was observed in this population. A Multiplex allele specific &ndash / PCR (MAS-PCR) genotyping&nbsp / system was successfully designed and optimized for the genotyping of 10 SNPs from the SLC22A1. This system, also developed specifically for this study, was made of 2 multiplexes each covering 5 SNPs. It is an inexpensive genotyping assay that allows for efficient discrimination of SNP polymorphisms in one reaction tube with standard PCR conditions. A pilot study was&nbsp / conducted to explore the possibility of using High-resolution melt (HRM) analysis as a cost-effective alternative for SNP genotyping. In addition to genotyping, HRM analysis can be used to scan&nbsp / large numbers of samples for novel genetic variations.&nbsp / </p>

<p>The objective of this study was to develop and validate a six Non-CODIS miniSTR genotyping system and to determine its suitability for forensic casework in South Africa. In Non-CODIS miniSTR genotyping systems, smaller PCR products are amplified and the primers are positioned as close as possible to the repeat region. For this reason, these systems can be valuable in a variety of scenarios including complex paternity cases, missing persons work, and mass fatality disasters.</p>

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of the SLC22A1 gene and to deduce its possible pharmacogenetic implications within the Cape Coloured population of South&nbsp / Africa / a uniquely admixed population of immigrant Europeans, Asians and the indigenous populations. Recent studies have reported an abundance of polymorphic variants within this solute&nbsp / carrier transporter gene encoding for the organic cation transporter 1, as well as evidence linking these variants to an effect on metformin uptake. This study included establishing baseline&nbsp / frequency distribution of previously reported alleles for 20 SNP variants within the SLC22A1 gene, as well as the development of SNaPshot&reg / and Multiplex AS-PCR genotyping assays, and&nbsp / also exploring the possibility of using High-resolution melt (HRM) analysis as a costeffective alternative for SNP genotyping. Ethics clearance was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the&nbsp / University of the Western Cape. Biological samples in the form of buccal (oral) swabs were collected from 132 unrelated voluntary donors from the Cape Coloured population residing in the&nbsp / Cape Metropolitan area. Two SNaPshot&reg / Multiplex Systems were specifically designed for the study,successfully optimized and used for genotyping. Hundred genetic profiles were then generated for a total of 20 SNP variants on SLC22A1 gene, using this primer extension-based genotyping method that enables multiplexing up 10 SNPs. Population genetics data obtained for&nbsp / the investigated SNPs were analysed using various statistical analysis software. Important population genetic parameters were calculated, and possible pharmacogenetics implications were then discussed. Among others, allelic and genotypic frequencies, as well as linkage disequilibrium were determined and compared with world populations. Minor deviation from Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium was observed in the Cape Coloured population. No significantLinkage Disequilibrium between the investigated SNPs was observed in this population. A Multiplex allele specific &ndash / PCR (MAS-PCR) genotyping&nbsp / system was successfully designed and optimized for the genotyping of 10 SNPs from the SLC22A1. This system, also developed specifically for this study, was made of 2 multiplexes each covering 5 SNPs. It is an inexpensive genotyping assay that allows for efficient discrimination of SNP polymorphisms in one reaction tube with standard PCR conditions. A pilot study was&nbsp / conducted to explore the possibility of using High-resolution melt (HRM) analysis as a cost-effective alternative for SNP genotyping. In addition to genotyping, HRM analysis can be used to scan&nbsp / large numbers of samples for novel genetic variations.&nbsp / </p>

The objective of this study was to develop and validate a six Non-CODIS miniSTR genotyping system and to determine its suitability for forensic casework in South Africa.In Non-CODIS miniSTR genotyping systems, smaller PCR products are amplified and the primers are positioned as close as possible to the repeat region. For this reason, these systems can be valuable in a variety of scenarios including complex paternity cases,missing persons work, and mass fatality disasters. After the successful implementation of the genotyping system in the laboratory, allele size range was determined for each of the loci and allelic ladders were constructed. The entire repeat regions of the six loci under investigation were successfully sequenced.Consequently, allele repeat number, structure and observed size were determined for each locus.An internal validation study of the six Non-CODIS miniSTR genotyping system was conducted following the SWGDAM guidelines. A comprehensive population study,covering five population groups from South Africa was also carried out.The genotyping system produced consistent, accurate and precise genetic profiles for low concentrations of template DNA. When analyzing mixed DNA samples, successful differentiation of minor and major DNA components was identifiable. Amplification products were observed in non-human DNA studies but in all instances complete genotype profiles were not obtained. Allele frequencies and forensic parameters were determined for the system in five South African population groups (i.e. Afrikaner, Asian-Indian, Mixed Ancestry, Xhosa and Cape Muslim). No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in any of the populations. Furthermore, all populations displayed a high power of discrimination and a high power of exclusion.The six Non-CODIS miniSTR genotyping system has shown a good potential to aid in the analysis of degraded DNA samples. This system can be further improved by including additional loci. Even in its current form, it can certainly provide additional discrimination in complex paternity and/or missing person cases. / >Magister Scientiae - MSc

NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is a membrane bound flavoprotein that donates electrons to a wide spectrum of heme-containing proteins, among which are several steroidogenic and many xenobiotics-metabolizing enzymes. Given the important role of POR protein in drug metabolism and pharmacogenomics, there is a particular need to understand the contributions of POR genetic variants to these processes. Mutations in POR gene cause a disorder called POR deficiency, which manifests with a wide phenotypic spectrum ranging from disordered steroidogenesis to skeletal malformation, namely, Antley-Bixler syndrome (ABS). The aim of the present work was to investigate the POR gene in patients suspected to have POR deficiency syndrome from Czech Republic and to perform genotyping in Czech and Jewish control populations. We analyzed 644 alleles in unrelated individuals from the general Czech population and 1128 alleles in Jewish population, where 330 alleles were of Askhenazi and 798 of Sephardic Jews. We have also studied the impact of selected new genetic variants on POR activity and identified fourteen amino acid variations, two of which we have studied in detail to establish their influence on POR activity. Using the available human POR three-dimensional structure, we then modelled the newly identified variants...

Magister Scientiae - MSc / The objective of this study was to develop and validate a six Non-CODIS miniSTR genotyping system and to determine its suitability for forensic casework in South Africa. In Non-CODIS miniSTR genotyping systems, smaller PCR products are amplified and the primers are positioned as close as possible to the repeat region. For this reason, these systems can be valuable in a variety of scenarios including complex paternity cases, missing persons work, and mass fatality disasters. / South Africa