Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-31T12:50:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3685841 bytes, checksum: 2aa62414e1da2e370f58bceb3970290a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-31T12:50:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3685841 bytes, checksum: 2aa62414e1da2e370f58bceb3970290a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-17 / La valorización del territorio, el medio ambiente y la igualdad de género en la región semiárida, sugiere patrones de desarrollo alternativo, que movilizaron a los pequeños productores y las organizaciones para la construcción de la Rede Xique Xique de Comercialización Solidaria. La propuesta de los diversos actores sociales y políticos involucrados es crear una red que haga posible la comercialización directa de los bienes producidos en el semiárido potiguar, desde una experiencia de desarrollo que alía a la Economía Solidaria (Ecosol), el feminismo y la agroecología, debido a los compromisos que lleve a la justicia social. La creación de la Rede, sin embargo, comenzó a articular la formación política y capacitación técnica de las/os productores/as, en asociación con otras redes sociales y con el gobierno. La EcoSol propone la potenciación económica, social y ambiental de las comunidades por la cooperación y la autogestión del trabajo colectivo, basado en la premisa de que las relaciones de producción más justas, sostenibles y no jerárquicas pueden ser una experiencia viable de desarrollo alternativo, ya que no se centra en el crecimiento económico, pero en la generación de bienestar. Estas perspectivas también son promovidas por la agroecología, que propone sistemas de producción que combinan la ecología a la agricultura, así como por el feminismo, que conecta la EcoSol a la agroecología como estrategias de autonomía de las mujeres. En este contexto, la pregunta central de esta tesis es analizar cómo la agroecología, el feminismo y la EcoSol, por medio de la Rede Xique Xique, han contribuido para promover experiencias de desarrollo alternativo en la región semiárida potiguar. Por tanto, el objetivo general es evaluar los efectos de la EcoSol, junto con la agroecología, en la potenciación de la autonomía de las mujeres potiguares del semiárido a través de experiencias de desarrollo alternativo promovidos por la red Xique Xique. Tratase de una investigación-participante con enfoques cualitativos y descriptivos y exploratorios, con la recogida de datos a través de la investigación de campo, con la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas y abiertas. Además, se utilizan fuentes de información documental y bibliográfica. Después de interacciones con organizaciones, profesionales, consumidores y con grupos de mujeres, se observó que la organización de las mujeres promovidas por la Rede, basada en una formación política feminista, es una experiencia de desarrollo alternativo, ya que fueran identificados cambios en los patrones productivos y de relación de las mujeres, con una mayor valorización del trabajo y con una mayor seguridad alimentaria colectiva, generando la ampliación de los espacios de participación social de las mujeres, dada su participación en asociaciones, foros, grupos informales. Los miembros de la Rede no hacen la vida separada de trabajo; luchan por políticas que reconozcan el potencial de la región semiárida; están dispuestos a mejorar sus habilidades, lo que hace la Rede un importante apoyo, tanto a la promoción y preservación de los bienes ambientales potiguar región semiárida, como en la corrección de la desigualdad de género histórica, sobre todo en las zonas rurales. Sin embargo, siguen existiendo los problemas de discontinuidad de grupos y de las políticas públicas, como también la desproporción de los ingresos públicos, factores decisivos para el aumento de las experiencias promovidas por la Rede y el cumplimiento de sus principios. / The appreciation of the territory, the environment and gender equality in the semiarid region suggests alternative development standards, which mobilized small producers and organizations for the construction of Xique Xique Network for Partnership Marketing. The proposal of the various social and political actors involved was to create a network that could make feasible the direct marketing of goods produced in the semiarid of Rio Grande do Norte from a development experience that would combine to the Solidarity Economy (Ecosol), the feminism and the agroecology, due to the commitments that those take to social justice. The creation of the Network, however, began to articulate the political training and technical qualification of the producers, in partnership with other social networks and with the government. The ECOSOL proposes economic, social and environmental empowerment of communities from cooperation and self-management of collective work, based on the premise that the training productive relations that are fairer, sustainable and non-hierarchical can be a viable experience of alternative development, not focused on economic growth, but on generating well-being. These perspectives are also promoted by the agroecology, which advocates, in addition, production systems that combine agriculture to ecology, as well as by the feminism, which perceived the ECOSOL and the agroecology as feminist strategies of empowerment. In this context, the central question of this thesis is to analyze the agroecology, the feminism and the ECOSOL through the Xique Xique Network have contributed to promote alternative development experiences in the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte. The desired overall objective therefore is to evaluate the effects of the ECOSOL, coupled with agroecology, the empowerment of women of semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte through alternative development experiences promoted by Network Xique Xique. As for the methodology, it is research-participant with qualitative approaches, descriptive and exploratory, with data collection through field research with carrying out semi-structured and open interviews. In addition, sources of documentary and bibliographic information were used. After interactions with partner organizations, professionals, consumers and network of women's groups, it was observed that women's organization promoted by the network, focused on a feminist political formation, set up as an alternative development experience, as changes on the productive and on the relational female patterns were identified, with a greater appreciation of collective work and food security, and also to realize the expansion of spaces for social participation of women, given their roles in associations, forums, informal groups. Members of the Network, as a rule, do not separate life from work; they fight for policies that recognize the semiarid region's potential; They are willing to improve their skills, which make the network an important support both the promotion and preservation of environmental goods of semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte, as in the correction of historical gender inequality, particularly in rural areas. However, the challenges of discontinuity groups and public policies, and the disproportion of public investment remain, which are decisive factors for increasing experiences promoted by the network for complying its principles. / A valorização do território, do meio ambiente e da igualdade de gênero no semiárido, sugere padrões de desenvolvimento alternativos, o que mobilizou pequenos produtores e organizações para a construção da Rede Xique Xique de Comercialização Solidária. A proposta dos diversos atores sociais e políticos envolvidos foi criar uma rede que viabilizasse a comercialização direta dos bens produzidos no semiárido potiguar, a partir de uma experiência de desenvolvimento que aliasse à Economia Solidária (EcoSol), o feminismo e a agroecologia, em razão dos compromissos que assumem com a justiça social. A criação da Rede, porém, passou a articular a formação política e a qualificação técnica das/os produtoras/es, em parceria com outras redes sociais e com o poder público. A EcoSol propõe o fortalecimento econômico, social e ambiental das comunidades, a partir da cooperação e da autogestão do trabalho coletivo, com base na premissa de que a formação de relações produtivas mais justas, sustentáveis e não hierarquizadas pode ser uma experiência viável de desenvolvimento alternativo, não focado no crescimento econômico, mas na geração de bem-estar. Estas perspectivas também são promovidas pela agroecologia, que defende, ademais, sistemas produtivos que alie a agricultura à ecologia, bem como pelo feminismo, que percebeu na EcoSol e na agroecologia estratégias empoderamento das mulheres. Nesse contexto, a indagação central da presente tese é analisar se a agroecologia, o feminismo e a EcoSol, por meio da Rede Xique Xique, têm contribuído para fomentar experiências alternativas de desenvolvimento no semiárido potiguar. O objetivo geral pretendido, pois, é avaliar os reflexos da EcoSol, aliada à agroecologia, no empoderamento das mulheres do semiárido potiguar, por meio de experiências de desenvolvimento alternativo promovidas pela Rede Xique Xique. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de pesquisa-participante, com abordagens qualitativas, do tipo descritivo-exploratório, com coleta de dados via pesquisa de campo e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e abertas. Recorreu-se, ainda, a fontes de informação documental e bibliográfica. Após interações com organizações parceiras, profissionais da área, consumidores e grupos de mulheres da Rede, observou-se que a organização das mulheres promovida pela Rede, voltada para uma formação política feminista, configura uma experiência de desenvolvimento alternativo, pois se identificaram mudanças nos padrões produtivos e relacionais femininos, com uma maior valorização do trabalho coletivo e da segurança alimentar, além também de se perceber a ampliação dos espaços de participação social das mulheres, face as suas atuações em associações, fóruns, grupos informais. Os membros da Rede, em regra, não separam a vida do trabalho; lutam por políticas que reconheçam as potencialidades do semiárido; estão dispostos a se aperfeiçoarem, o que faz da Rede um relevante apoio tanto na promoção e preservação dos bens ambientais do semiárido potiguar, como na correção da histórica desigualdade de gênero, sobretudo no meio rural. Subsistem, porém, os desafios da descontinuidade dos grupos e das políticas públicas, além da desproporção dos investimentos públicos, fatores decisivos para o incremento das experiências fomentadas pela Rede e para o cumprimento dos seus princípios.

Text in Afrikaans / During the last few decades the need existed for a new framework to give direction to development and ecological thought in respect of the sustaining of nature in order to place development and ecological thought within the limits of nature. However, development thought and the debate relating to nature are to some extent still treated in theory and practice as two separate entities. One of the current challenges for sustainable development is to reconcile the development and ecological branches of this debate. The thesis firstly explains the origin and characteristics of sustainable development. Secondly, the crisis in nature is discussed, followed by a discussion of the most important ecological views relating to sustainable development. Then issues in development thought that relates to sustainable development is discussed, as well as the changing emphasis in development thought that stimulated the growth of sustainable development. The mainstream development view, as the other main branch of sustainable development thinking, is then discussed. In conclusion, some issues relating to the operationalisation of sustainable development is discussed. / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Ontwikkelingstudies)

This Diploma thesis is a continuation of bachelor thesis, which discusses the formal cooperation between family and school in pre-school age of a child. Diploma thesis is extended and brings new information about cooperation of family and school. There are important information from Bachelor thesis included in the theoretical part. They play important role in practical part of Diploma thesis and objectives and goals for the research come out of them. Theoretical part is therefore focusing on terms family, teacher and nursery school. It also derives information from curricular documents, such as Framing educational program of pre-school education. It discusses its main principles and objectives and focuses on conditions of pre-school education, where parents play an important role. I tis one of the main principles of Step by Step program. Also White book is mentioned, which also talks about cooperation with parents. Theoretical part then discusses the opportunities and options of working together, how to realize it and what its applications. It also talks about other programs and initiatives emphasizing the importance of cooperation with family. One chapter talks in detail about Begin together program, about its objectives and teacher's methods of work in this program. In this chapter, thesis...

Text in Afrikaans / During the last few decades the need existed for a new framework to give direction to development and ecological thought in respect of the sustaining of nature in order to place development and ecological thought within the limits of nature. However, development thought and the debate relating to nature are to some extent still treated in theory and practice as two separate entities. One of the current challenges for sustainable development is to reconcile the development and ecological branches of this debate. The thesis firstly explains the origin and characteristics of sustainable development. Secondly, the crisis in nature is discussed, followed by a discussion of the most important ecological views relating to sustainable development. Then issues in development thought that relates to sustainable development is discussed, as well as the changing emphasis in development thought that stimulated the growth of sustainable development. The mainstream development view, as the other main branch of sustainable development thinking, is then discussed. In conclusion, some issues relating to the operationalisation of sustainable development is discussed. / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Ontwikkelingstudies)

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