Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2007. / Department of Philanthropic Studies, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Advisor(s): William Brescia, Frances A. Huehls, Dwight Burlingame. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-113).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-12-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:54:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 belieiro_tg_me_assis.pdf: 531501 bytes, checksum: a7698f420a3d4a5ca77efc3b999e1103 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Esta pesquisa insere-se no campo dos estudos históricos culturais. Assim, a análise histórica é aqui empregada com o objetivo de compreender o fenômeno artístico literário, a saber, o Indianismo Romântico do século XIX. Desse modo, o Indianismo é visto como uma Invenção Histórica, ou seja, é fruto de um trabalho e de um projeto consciente dos escritores no sentido de criação de uma cultura e uma literatura nacional, tendo o índio como figura central. Utilizando-se de preceitos teóricos e metodológicos do sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu, onde a produção artística mantém profundas ligações com o campo político, a pesquisa procura mostrar a ligação do campo literário romântico em formação e o campo político. Assim, vai-se analisar o papel do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro nesse processo de Invenção Histórica. IHGB congregava em seus membros a elite letrada da Corte entre eles, importantes escritores indianistas, tais como Gonçalves Dias e Gonçalves de Magalhães. O Instituto foi responsável ainda por uma vasta produção de conhecimento sobre o índio, sendo essa produção responsável pela configuração de um campo de possíveis estéticos a respeito do indígena através de representações do mesmo. E mais, o IHGB foi o palco principal de uma acalorada contenda sobre a viabilidade de se escrever uma literatura tendo o índio como figura central, mostrando as diferentes tomadas de posição dos intelectuais do período acerca da Literatura Indianista. / This research is within the field of historical and cultural studies. Thus, the historical analysis employed here aims at understanding the literary artistic phenomenon, namely the XIX century Romantic Indianism. In this aspect, Indianism is seen as a historical invention, that is, it arises involuntarily within the European thought and within the Romantism aesthetic precepts, which later became the result of writers’ conscientious work and project in order to create both a national culture and literature, having the Indian as its central figure. By using sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical and methodological precepts – in which artistic production is strongly connected with the political field – the research seeks to show the connection between the romantic literary field in formation and the political field. Thus, the role of the Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (Brazil’s Historical and Geographical Institute - IHGB) is analyzed in this historical invention process. The IHGB congregated the literate elite of the Court, among who were important indianist writers such as Gonçalves Dias and Gonçalves de Magalhães. The Institute was also accountable for the vast production of knowledge on the Indian. This production was responsible for shaping the aesthetic possibilities regarding the Indians through the representations of them. Furthermore, the IHGB was the main stage of a fierce argument on the viability of making literature having the Indian as its central figure, showing the different positions the intellectuals of the period held about the Indianist Literature. With this, the research shows that Indianism comprises a historical invention having the IHGB as its main stage.

Doctor of Philosophy / History / Bonnie Lynn-Sherow / This dissertation is a case study of the Isleta Pueblos of central New Mexico, the Quapaw tribe of northeast Oklahoma, and the Osage Nation of northcentral Oklahoma, and their relationship with the federal government, and specifically the Environmental Protection Agency. As one of the youngest federal agencies, operating during the Self-Determination Era, it seems the EPA would be open to new approaches in federal Indian policy. In reality, the EPA has not reacted much differently than any other historical agency of the federal government. The EPA has rarely recognized the ability of Indians to take care of their own environmental problems. The EPA’s unwillingness to recognize tribal sovereignty was no where clearer than in 2005, when Republican Senator James Inhof of Oklahoma added a rider to his transportation bill that made it illegal in Oklahoma for tribes to gain primary control over their environmental protection programs without first negotiating with, and gaining permission of, the state government of Oklahoma. The rider was an erosion of the federal trust relationship with American Indian tribes (as tribes do not need to heed state laws over federal laws) and an attack on native ability to judge tribal affairs. Oklahoma’s tribes, and Indian leaders from around the nation, worked to get the new law overturned, but the EPA decided to help tribes work within the confines of the new law. Despite the EPA’s stance on the new law, the tribes continued to try to fight back, as they had in the past when challenged by paternalistic federal policy. The EPA treated the Quapaws and Isletas in a similar fashion. Thus, the thesis of this study is that the EPA failed to respect the abilities of American Indian nations, as did federal agencies of years before, to manage their own affairs. Historians have largely neglected the role the EPA has played in recent Indian history and are just now beginning to document how deliberate efforts at self-determination have been employed by tribes for centuries in America.

When the first Europeans set foot on the North American continent, they clashed, both physically and culturally, with the native inhabitants. The Indian practice of taking, adopting, and sometimes torturing captives offended the Europeans more than any other practice. The treatment afforded to captives varied from tribe to tribe and tended to change as the Indians adapted to the new environment and adjusted to the increased pressure thrust upon them by the advancing whites. The primary sources used were Indian captivity narratives. The 111-volume "Garland Library of North American Indian Captivities" has made many of the better known narratives more readily available.

abstract: This dissertation project is a legal and policy analysis of California's involuntary psychiatric commitment laws and policy as applied to American Indians (AI). Mental health-based civil commitment and conservatorships constitute some of the most severe intrusions into personal liberties and freedom outside of the criminal justice system. In the context of AI peoples and tribal Nations, however, these intrusions implicate not only individual freedoms and well-being but also larger notions of tribal sovereignty, self-determination, culture, and the dialectic relationship between individual identity and community knowledge related to definitions of health, illness and the social meaning of difference. Yet, in the context of involuntary psychiatric commitments, the law reflects a failure to understand this relationship, alternating between strategic use of the sovereignty doctrine to deny access to services or, alternatively, wholly absenting issues of sovereignty and Indigenous worldviews from legal discourse. This project explores the nuanced ways in which these issues are weaved into the fabric of mental health law and policy and how they function to codify, enact and maintain colonization for AI peoples and Nations. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Justice Studies 2013

Sítios arqueológicos, polimorfismos genéticos clássicos e marcadores moleculares (estes em menor quantidade) foram empregados nos últimos anos para o desenvolvimento de modelos de povoamento e investigação de rotas migratórias percorridas pelos primeiros habitantes do continente sul-americano. Apesar destes esforços, muitas incertezas relacionadas aos movimentos populacionais realizados pelos ancestrais dos índios contemporâneos na América do Sul ainda permanecem. Com o objetivo de estudar a estrutura populacional dos indígenas da Amazônia e contribuir para o melhor entendimento do povoamento deste continente, polimorfismos que definem os haplogrupos fundadores do DNA mitocondrial nativo-americano foram analisados em 308 indígenas pertencentes a 16 aldeias de 7 tribos da região central da Amazônia. A posição central ocupada por estas tribos no continente sul-americano faz com que sejam relevantes nas tentativas de reconstrução dos movimentos populacionais sul-americanos. Nesta região, existe particular interesse pela estrutura genética da tribo Tikúna, inicialmente tida como enigmática por se preservar como uma das únicas grandes tribos pouco miscigenadas da Amazônia central, e do grupo lingüístico Pano, que embora se distribua por grande extensão territorial, apresenta homogeneidades étnica, lingüística e cultural notáveis, razão pela qual as populações (tribos) deste grupo são consideradas como parte de uma mesma tribo. Oito aldeias Tikúna e seis aldeias de quatro tribos Pano (Katukina, Kaxináwa, Marúbo e Yaminawa) fazem parte deste estudo. Os resultados indicam que constituem populações realmente pouco miscigenadas, sendo a mistura inter-étnica feminina praticamente desprezível (0,32%). Foi encontrada heterogeneidade entre aldeias Tikúna, sendo observados dois grupos altamente homogêneos que diferem consideravelmente entre si. Em relação aos Pano, a homogeneidade lingüística e cultural deste grupo não se reflete em sua estrutura genética, visto que os níveis de heterogeneidade entre populações Pano são equivalentes ou até mesmo superiores aos observados entre populações de afiliação lingüística distintas. No geral, as mulheres indígenas da região central da Amazônia se apresentaram mais heterogêneas do que os homens, o que pode ser interpretado como maiores taxas migratórias femininas. Por meio de análises continentais foi observado que tanto a afiliação lingüística quanto a geografia exercem forte influência no padrão de variabilidade genética nas Américas. Quando apenas populações ameríndias são consideradas, a heterogeneidade é maior entre populações sul-americanas do que norte-americanas, o que estaria relacionado com maior atuação da deriva genética neste continente. Os dados corroboram a hipótese de que uma onda migratória principal seria responsável pelo povoamento das Américas. Ao longo deste movimento migratório, múltiplos efeitos do fundador teriam ocorrido até alcançar a América do Sul. Ao entrar na América do Sul, tal onda teria assumido rotas distintas direcionadas ao norte (acompanhando a costa Atlântica em direção ao leste do continente), ao sul (acompanhando a costa do Oceano Pacífico) e, possivelmente, em direção ao centro da Amazônia. Visto que as principais rotas migratórias foram necessariamente percorridas por membros de ambos os sexos, a análise de marcadores patrilineares seria pertinente para se testar esta rota em direção ao centro da Amazônia, bem como as duas rotas clássicas anteriormente propostas e aqui corroboradas. / Archeological sites, classical polymorphisms and molecular markers (in smaller amount) were employed during the last years to develop models regarding peopling and to investigate the routes followed by the first inhabitants of South America. In spite of these efforts, a great amount of uncertainties related to the populational movements performed by the ancestors of current Amerindians from South America still remains. Aiming to study the population structure of the indigenous people from Amazon and to contribute to a better understanding regarding South America peopling, polymorphisms defining the mitochondrial DNA founder haplogroups of Native-Americans were studied in 308 Amerindians pertaining to 16 villages of seven tribes from the central part of Amazon. The central position occupied by these tribes in South-American geography renders them special interest for attempts to reCOJ:\'lstruct the populational movements in this continent. In this central region, there is particular interest in the genetic structure of the Tikuna tribe, initially considered as an enigmatic tribe due to their preservation as one ofthe very few large and relatively pure tribes of Central Amazon. There is also interest in the Pano (linguistic) group that, in spite of being distributed through a really large area, still presents notable ethnic, Jinguistic and cultural homogeneities, which is the reason why the various populations (tribes) are considered as samples of a single tribe. Eight Tikuna villages along with six villages from four Pano tribes (Katukina, Kaxinawa, Marubo e Yaminawa) are part of this research. The results obtained indicate that the populations analyzed are actually weakly admixed, with an almost negligible female inter-ethnic admixture (0.32%). Heterogeneity was found among the Tikuna villages, identified in the form of two highly homogeneous groups that are remarkably different from each other. Regarding the Pano, the linguistic and cultural homogeneity is not reflected in this group\'s genetic structure, as can be seen by the high levels of heterogeneity found between the Pano populations, equal to or greater than the observed between other populations belonging to different languages. Overall, indigenous women from central Amazon are more structured than man, which can be interpreted as a higher female migration rate. Continental analysis revealed that both language and geography exert strong influence over the genetic diversity pattern found in America. When only Am~rindian populations are considered, it can be observed a higher level of heterogeneity in South America than in North America, which could be related to an increase in genetic drift in the former. Presented data corroborate the hypothesis of one major migration being responsible for America peopling. Multiple founder effects could have occurred along with this migratory movement until reaching South America. Following the entrance in this continent, such wave could have been split into different routes pointing to the north of part of South America (following the Atlantic Coast to the f\'astern part of the continent), to the south (along with the Pacific Coast) and possibly to the central part of Amazon. As long as the major migratory routes were essentially followed by members of both genders, the analysis of patrilinear markers would be pertinent to confirm or not such route pointing to the Central Amazon, as well as the two classical routes here corroborated.

Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica e etnográfica a respeito das formas de socialidade dos Chiquitano, grupo indígena da família lingüística Chiquitano que habita a região da fronteira mato-grossense com a Bolívia. Mesmo com uma expressiva população em território brasileiro, de cerca de 2.000 indivíduos, apenas recentemente esses índios foram reconhecidos pelo órgão indigenista oficial por ocasião de uma perícia realizada em suas terras. Com base em uma pesquisa bibliográfica apoiada no levantamento das fontes documentais de origens diversas sobre a longa história de contato, que remonta ao século XVI, é aqui efetuada uma análise que possibilita mapear certas características dos contatos dos Chiquitano com as populações vizinhas, ao mesmo tempo em que procura circunscrever um conjunto de denominações atribuídas a eles ao longo destes anos. A partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica de campo é efetuada uma descrição da constituição dos grupos locais denominados de Fazendinha, de Vila Nova e de Santa Luzia, em especial quanto às relações de parentesco, de casamento e de compadrio, com enfoque no modo de inserção de estrangeiros ao grupo. Do mesmo modo, o xamanismo e a escola são estudados com o objetivo de refletir sobre os espaços de abertura para o outro, integrando aspectos sociológicos e cosmológicos de um grupo ainda pouco conhecido pela Etnologia Brasileira. / This study presents a reflection based on bibliographic and ethnographic research into the forms of sociality of the Chiquitano, an indigenous group of the Chiquitano linguistic family that inhabits the border region of the Brazilian state Mato Grosso with Bolivia. Despite having a substantial population in Brazilian territory, of around 2,000 individuals, only recently were these Indians recognised by the official agency for indigenous peoples following an investigation performed on their land. Based on bibliographic research of documental sources of various origins about the long history of contact with the group, dating back to the 16th century, an analysis is carried out to enable the mapping of certain characteristics of the contacts between the Chiquitano and the neighbouring populations. At the same time the study attempts to determine a set of denominations attributed to the group throughout these years. Based on ethnographic field research a description is made of the constitution of the local groups named Fazendinha, Vila Nova and Santa Luiza, especially as regards relations of kinship, marriage and companionship, focused on the form of inserting outsiders into the group. Similarly, the shamanism and the school are studied in order to draw conclusions about the spaces of access to the other, integrating sociological and cosmological aspects of a group which remains largely unknown by Brazilian Ethnology.

This research examines the relationship between the attitudes of fictional writers and those of society toward American Indians from colonial America to the present. A content analysis was used to validate the hypothesis. In order to show changing attitudes and different schools of thought, this research was arranged into four time periods: "The Ethnocentric Conquerors," "The Ethnocentric Romantics," "The Ethnocentric Acculturationists," and "The Revisionists." The findings demonstrate that there is a close correlation between the attitudes of fictional authors and those of society during a given time period,

A survey was made of the graduates of an educationally -oriented church-sponsored foster home placement agency . The subjects for the study had been graduated from high schools in Idaho, Arizona, Canada, and throughout Utah. There were 235 students graduated during the period 1954-1967 . The survey of these subjects was made by the use of the mailed questionnaire method. Responses were received from 165 (70 . 21 percent) of the subjects. The investigator was searching for modal patterns of behavior among the graduates. Some significant trends seem to be emerging in their post-high school activities. Implications for future studies of the culturally disadvantaged are evident as a result of the study. The subjects of this study appear to be preparing themselves to become more self-reliant in their own culture and functional in the dominant culture. The accomplishments of the respondents compare favorably with those of their contemporaries of the non-Indian population.

BACKGROUND: This doctoral project describes an occupational therapy clinic created by this author within an outpatient health center located on a rural reservation serving the Navajo Native-American community residents. This was the center’s first occupational therapy program. Occupational therapy services included community outreach activities and innovative approaches that were inclusive, culturally appropriate, and client-centered. PROBLEM: Some challenges occurred during the implementation of the occupational therapy program such as: client resistance, cultural differences, lack of public transportation to the reservation, little to no awareness of occupational therapy, and limited funds and resources. METHODOLOGY: A thorough literature review on developing healthcare programs in rural areas was performed to collect relevant information on current methods and approaches. Moreover, programs that incorporated cultural orientation programs and awareness was taken into consideration to develop the occupational therapy program and its activities. This facilitated building a positive rapport and relationship with the Navajo community residents. RESULTS: Innovative approaches were developed to help reduce some of the barriers. Four key program elements were chosen to focus on developing a sustainable and culturally appropriate operating occupational therapy clinic to serve the Navajo Native Americans living on a rural reservation community. Collaboration with pertinent stakeholders, integration of some of the population’s cultural values, conveying cultural respect, and including community outreach events helped the development and operation of the new occupational therapy program. IMPLICATIONS: The development of the new occupational therapy clinic provided several occasions for the clinician to integrate culturally-based activities when providing services to an underserved community. It was able to set an example for future occupational therapy practitioners to create an academic course (and/or internship) to educate students about providing occupational therapy services to an indigenous population.