No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this research is to assess and address issues of contextualization and reconciliation as they pertain to Christianization and cultural preservation within the three Nanticoke-Lenape American Indian tribal communities remaining in the states of New Jersey and Delaware in the United States. The study seeks to provide insight into the challenges for ministry within the socio-cultural and political context of the tribal communities, particularly in regard to meaningful healing and reconciliation over the lingering effects of colonization, in a manner that promotes integral, holistic, contextualized Christian ministry. To achieve this, the study investigates the historical backdrop of the tribal communities, including European contact, colonization, missions, assimilation and cultural survival. Past and present tribal lifeways, beliefs, and practices are evaluated through documented historical sources and contemporary accounts. The research highlights the histories and current ministries of the principal historic tribal congregations, and their role in the spiritual, cultural, and political survival of the tribes. It also assesses possible approaches for effective, mission oriented, compassionate engagement as a matter of faithful contextualization and social justice. It should be noted that within this work the terms “American Indian,” “Native American,” “Indigenous American,” “Aboriginal American,” and “First Nations People” are all used to describe the indigenous people of America. These terms should not be confused with the term “Indian American,” which describes an American citizen whose ancestors can be traced to the nation of India on the continent of Asia. / PhD (Missiology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The purpose of this research is to assess and address issues of contextualization and reconciliation as they pertain to Christianization and cultural preservation within the three Nanticoke-Lenape American Indian tribal communities remaining in the states of New Jersey and Delaware in the United States. The study seeks to provide insight into the challenges for ministry within the socio-cultural and political context of the tribal communities, particularly in regard to meaningful healing and reconciliation over the lingering effects of colonization, in a manner that promotes integral, holistic, contextualized Christian ministry. To achieve this, the study investigates the historical backdrop of the tribal communities, including European contact, colonization, missions, assimilation and cultural survival. Past and present tribal lifeways, beliefs, and practices are evaluated through documented historical sources and contemporary accounts. The research highlights the histories and current ministries of the principal historic tribal congregations, and their role in the spiritual, cultural, and political survival of the tribes. It also assesses possible approaches for effective, mission oriented, compassionate engagement as a matter of faithful contextualization and social justice. It should be noted that within this work the terms “American Indian,” “Native American,” “Indigenous American,” “Aboriginal American,” and “First Nations People” are all used to describe the indigenous people of America. These terms should not be confused with the term “Indian American,” which describes an American citizen whose ancestors can be traced to the nation of India on the continent of Asia. / PhD (Missiology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Orientador: Antonio Celso Ferreira / Banca: Silvia Cristina Martins de Souza e Silva / Banca: Helio Rebello Cardoso Junior / Resumo: Esta pesquisa insere-se no campo dos estudos históricos culturais. Assim, a análise histórica é aqui empregada com o objetivo de compreender o fenômeno artístico literário, a saber, o Indianismo Romântico do século XIX. Desse modo, o Indianismo é visto como uma Invenção Histórica, ou seja, é fruto de um trabalho e de um projeto consciente dos escritores no sentido de criação de uma cultura e uma literatura nacional, tendo o índio como figura central. Utilizando-se de preceitos teóricos e metodológicos do sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu, onde a produção artística mantém profundas ligações com o campo político, a pesquisa procura mostrar a ligação do campo literário romântico em formação e o campo político. Assim, vai-se analisar o papel do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro nesse processo de Invenção Histórica. IHGB congregava em seus membros a elite letrada da Corte entre eles, importantes escritores indianistas, tais como Gonçalves Dias e Gonçalves de Magalhães. O Instituto foi responsável ainda por uma vasta produção de conhecimento sobre o índio, sendo essa produção responsável pela configuração de um campo de possíveis estéticos a respeito do indígena através de representações do mesmo. E mais, o IHGB foi o palco principal de uma acalorada contenda sobre a viabilidade de se escrever uma literatura tendo o índio como figura central, mostrando as diferentes tomadas de posição dos intelectuais do período acerca da Literatura Indianista. / Abstract: This research is within the field of historical and cultural studies. Thus, the historical analysis employed here aims at understanding the literary artistic phenomenon, namely the XIX century Romantic Indianism. In this aspect, Indianism is seen as a historical invention, that is, it arises involuntarily within the European thought and within the Romantism aesthetic precepts, which later became the result of writers' conscientious work and project in order to create both a national culture and literature, having the Indian as its central figure. By using sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical and methodological precepts - in which artistic production is strongly connected with the political field - the research seeks to show the connection between the romantic literary field in formation and the political field. Thus, the role of the Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (Brazil's Historical and Geographical Institute - IHGB) is analyzed in this historical invention process. The IHGB congregated the literate elite of the Court, among who were important indianist writers such as Gonçalves Dias and Gonçalves de Magalhães. The Institute was also accountable for the vast production of knowledge on the Indian. This production was responsible for shaping the aesthetic possibilities regarding the Indians through the representations of them. Furthermore, the IHGB was the main stage of a fierce argument on the viability of making literature having the Indian as its central figure, showing the different positions the intellectuals of the period held about the Indianist Literature. With this, the research shows that Indianism comprises a historical invention having the IHGB as its main stage. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:06:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gabriel cortes.pdf: 6425050 bytes, checksum: 04e6ed2fef6be8960b0f8f25cf58eacb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of caries and investigate its association with socioeconomic, feeding and oral hygiene factors in Kotiria Indians from the Upper Uaupés River, Amazonas, Brazil. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted with 93,5% of the indigenous population aged from 1-5 (n=54), 12 (n=11), and 15-19 (n-22) years old resident at the traditional Kotiria land. Caries and treatment needs were assessed using the World Health Organization criteria. The Simplified Debris Index (DI-S) and gingival bleeding (SG) were taken as oral hygiene status. Interview was used to record socioeconomic, feeding and oral hygiene data. Cariogenic food intakes frequency was assessed using 24 hours recall alimentary inquiry. Data analyses included exploratory statistics, Pearsons Chi-Square Test, Likehood Ratio, Fisher´s Exact Test, Pearson´s Correlation, T Test and Anova. Results: The dmft was 4,72 at 1-5 years and 8,11 at 5 years. The DMFT was 5,36 at 12 and 6,45 at 15 - 19 years. Only 21,8 % of the indigenous evaluated were caries free. The most frequent treatment need was filling followed by extraction for all ages. DI-S and SG status was considered good to 9,93% and 13,2% of all participants. Exclusive breastfeeding until the sixth months was reported to 72% of the children aged 1-5 years and 35,9% reported to use baby bottle. The average consumption of sucrose was 1,4 times a day, and 0,7 times in between meals. The average house income was 366,00 US dollars, and 6 houses (16%) had no income. Parents education was 8,7 and 5,1 years of study for fathers and mothers respectively. Higher sucrose intake between meals and interrupted toothpaste access were associated to higher caries frequency (p<0,05). DMFT/dmft was positive correlated to gingival bleeding (p=0,034). Conclusions: The Kotiria indigenous group presented high caries prevalence and treatment needs. Good oral hygiene, permanent toothpaste access, less sucrose intake between meals were associated or correlated to better oral health conditions. / Objetivo: O presente estudo buscou verificar a prevalência de cárie dentaria e investigar sua associação com fatores socioeconômicos, alimentares e de higiene bucal em indígenas Kotiria do Alto Rio Uaupés, Amazonas, Brasil. Metodologia: O estudo foi do tipo epidemiológico transversal do qual se avaliou 93,5% da população indígena residente no território tradicional Kotiria, pertencentes às faixas etárias de 1 a 5 (n=54), aos 12 (n=11) e de 15 a 19 (n=22) anos. Foi realizado exame clínico intrabucal para aferir a experiência de cárie (índice CPOD/ceod) e necessidade de tratamento por meio de metodologia e critérios definidos pela OMS (1997). Níveis de higiene bucal foram determinados a partir do Índice de Induto Simplificado (DI-S) e do componente de sangramento gengival (SG) do Índice Periodontal Comunitário (CPI). Foram usados questionários para coleta de dados socioeconômicos, de higiene bucal e alimentares. Em acréscimo, foi aplicado um inquérito alimentar recordatório das últimas 24h em três dias não consecutivos para investigar frequência do consumo de alimentos cariogênicos. Também foi realizada observação descritiva para identificar características da prática de higiene bucal e dos hábitos alimentares. A análise foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva, teste qui quadrado de Pearson, razão da verossimilhança, exato de Fisher, correlação de Pearson, teste t e Anova. Resultados: O índice ceod foi de 4,72 e 8,11 em crianças de 1 a 5 anos e aos 5 anos respectivamente, o CPOD foi de 5,36 e 6,45 em indígenas aos 12 e de 15 a 19 anos. Estavam livres de cárie apenas 21,8% dos avaliados. A necessidade de tratamento mais frequente foi o restaurador seguido da extração. Relataram escovar os dentes 91% dos entrevistados, no entanto apenas 9,4% e 13,2% apresentaram boa higiene bucal (DI-S≤0,6) e boa condição gengival (SG=0). Aleitamento materno exclusivo até os 6 meses foi realizado para 72% das crianças entre 1 a 5 anos, e 35,9% relataram uso de mamadeira. A frequência média do consumo de sacarose foi de 1,4 vezes ao dia e de 0,7 vezes para o consumo de sacarose entre as refeições. A renda média domiciliar foi de R$ 732, sendo renda nula para 16% (n=6) dos domicílios. A escolaridade média em dos pais foi de 8,7 e das mães de 5,1 anos de estudo. Apresentou-se associado à maior frequência de cárie o maior consumo de sacarose entre as refeições (p=0,019) e o acesso descontínuo ao dentifrício (p=0,048). O índice CPOD/ceod apresentou correlação positiva (p=0,034) com o sangramento gengival. Conclusão: Foi possível concluir que a população Kotiria avaliada apresenta elevados índices de cárie e necessidade de tratamento. E que a higiene bucal adequada, acesso ininterrupto ao dentifrício e o menor consumo de sacarose entre as refeições estiveram associados ou correlacionados com melhores condições de saúde bucal.

The aim of this study is to demonstrate how the publication of books in Swedish about Native Americans for children and young people developed and changed between 1890 and 2008. Translations into Swedish of such books from 1860 onwards are commented on. The terms "Native American", "Indian" and "Indigenous" are discussed. Postcolonial theory forms the basis of an examination of the means by which the American Indian peoples were presented with regard to language, identity, and opposition to colonization. The first chapter comprises a summary of Native American history and literature. Chapter Two deals with books about Native Americans in Sweden during the period 1860‒1965, while Chapter Three continues the study of such books from 1966 to 1985. The fourth chapter is devoted entirely to the author Stig Ericson and his books for juveniles, and aims to present an in-depth analysis of Swedish books about Native Americans in the period when he was writing. Chapter Five deals with such books published in Sweden during 1986‒2008.  Widespread publication of traditional books about Native Americans, with confrontation between American Indians and Whites as their major theme, continued until the mid-1960s. Subsequently, there was a shift in narrative perspective in favour of the Native American view, while the books in general became more documentary and ideological in nature. White people were presented as villains; Native Americans became the victims of progress. Post-1985 only a few books of this type were published, and readers turned to other genres.

O trabalho objetiva avaliar a situação de (in)segurança alimentar e nutricional na população indígena Karapotó da aldeia Plak-ô, localizada no município de São Sebastião, estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Discute-se nele aspectos referentes à fome, pobreza, desigualdade social, políticas públicas, direito humano à alimentação, situação de segurança alimentar e nutricional na população brasileira e indígena. Além disso o estudo também apresenta o contexto sobre os índios alagoanos e a etnia Karapotó. O estudo foi observacional com desenho transversal, realizado com todas as 90 famílias da etnia Karapotó residentes na aldeia Plak-ô. Foram analisados dados demográficos, socioeconômicos, de (in)segurança alimentar e nutricional e estado nutricional das crianças menores de 10 anos (n=73). A insegurança alimentar foi avaliada, através da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA) e de entrevistas com integrantes da comunidade. Para classificar o estado nutricional foram utilizados os índices peso para idade (P/I), peso para estatura (P/E) e estatura para idade (E/I), expressos em valores de escore Z. A maioria das famílias possuía um padrão socioeconômico muito baixo, caracterizado por alto percentual de analfabetismo e baixa renda. A prevalência de insegurança alimentar (IA) entre as famílias foi de 90% sendo maior entre aquelas com menores de 18 anos (93%). Famílias sem renda fixa e com mais de quatro membros apresentaram maiores chances de IA. As falas dos Karapotó revelaram que a fome é frequentemente vivenciada. A prevalência de desnutrição entre as crianças foi de 8,2% e de sobrepeso 6,9% para o indicador P/I. Quanto ao P/E as prevalências encontradas foram de 1,4% de desnutrição e 5,5% de sobrepeso, enquanto que para o indicador E/I foi encontrado 12,3% de déficit nutricional. No modelo de regressão linear as variáveis explicativas para o estado nutricional através do índice E/I foram idade da criança, escolaridade da mãe e número de cômodos da casa. A prevalência de desnutrição foi elevada, comparada aos estudos nacionais. O sobrepeso e a obesidade também se apresentaram como problema de saúde pública nas crianças estudadas, acompanhando a mesma tendência da transição nutricional no Brasil e no mundo. Esta situação indica a necessidade urgente de ações direcionadas à garantia dos direitos humanos deste povo por parte do Estado, respeitando suas opiniões, usos, costumes e tradições.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as condiÃÃes de saÃde e nutriÃÃo das crianÃas Tremembà menores de cinco anos. A populaÃÃo total estudada consistia de 216 crianÃas, residentes em diversas aldeias nos municÃpios de Itarema e AcaraÃ. Realizou-se para atingir os objetivos propostos um estudo descritivo com base populacional, observacional e transversal. A coleta de dados constou da obtenÃÃo das medidas antropomÃtricas das crianÃas para avaliaÃÃo nutricional; questionÃrios estruturados respondidos pelas mÃes e/ou responsÃveis para a aquisiÃÃo dos dados sÃcio-econÃmicos e de saÃde infantil e inquÃrito nutricional atravÃs do recordatÃrio de 24 h. Os resultados mostraram que aliadas Ãs precÃrias condiÃÃes sanitÃrias em que viviam, mais da metade das crianÃas convivia com pais que faziam uso do Ãlcool e/ou fumo. A metade das crianÃas nasceu em hospital, no entanto, mais de um terÃo teve o parto assistido por parteiras leigas. Mais da metade das mÃes realizou consultas prÃ-natais, sendo que a maioria delas realizou menos de seis consultas. A incidÃncia pontual de diarrÃia foi de 3,7% e a incidÃncia nos Ãltimos quinze dias anteriores à entrevista foi de 13,4%; a maioria dos casos ocorreu entre os maiores de 12 meses e a maior incidÃncia entre as crianÃas de 6 a 12 meses. Com relaÃÃo Ãs infecÃÃes respiratÃrias, mais de um terÃo das crianÃas apresentou tosse nos Ãltimos sete dias anteriores à entrevista. Quase a metade das crianÃas realizou entre 1 e 2 consultas mÃdicas, no trimestre anterior à entrevista, tendo como motivo à infecÃÃo respiratÃria. Menos de 10% da populaÃÃo estudada foi hospitalizada no ano anterior ao estudo, tendo sido a diarrÃia a principal causa de internaÃÃo. A prevalÃncia dos casos de desnutriÃÃo entre as crianÃas Tremembà menores de cinco anos de acordo com os Ãndices de altura/idade (A/I) foi de 22,1%; peso/idade (P/I) de 14,9% e peso/ altura (P/A) de 1,4 %. A duraÃÃo mediana da amamentaÃÃo foi de 12,2 meses, no entanto, entre as crianÃas atà seis meses de idade a prevalÃncia de aleitamento materno exclusivo foi de 10% e grande maioria, jà tinha recebido algum tipo de alimento antes de completar o primeiro mÃs de vida A dieta das crianÃas estudadas mostrou-se pouco variada, pobre em frutas, verduras e legumes; a maioria delas tinha dieta inadequada para carbohidratos, lipÃdios, proteÃnas e para as calorias. A metade das crianÃas nÃo apresentou adequaÃÃo para o cÃlcio; o ferro foi o nutriente que apresentou inadequaÃÃo para praticamente todas as crianÃas, em todas as faixas etÃrias. Conclui-se que hà necessidade de implementaÃÃo das aÃÃes materno-infantil para o grupo estudado, bem como aÃÃes educativas relacionadas à Ãrea de nutriÃÃo, no entanto, levando em consideraÃÃo Ãs peculiaridades da cultura local. / The objective of this research was to identify the health and nutrition conditions of the Tremembà children younger than 5 years old. The whole studied population consists of 216 children, who live in several villages from the cities of Itarema and AcaraÃ. To reach the proposed objectives, it was made a descriptive study with population, observation and transversal base. The data collect consisted of attainment of the anthropometric measure of the children for nutritional evaluation; structuralized questionnaires answered for the mothers and/or responsible for the acquisition of the partner-economic data and infantile health and nutritional inquiry by the 24h remembrance. The results had shown that allied to the precarious sanitary conditions where they lived, more than the half of the children it coexisted parents who made use of alcohol and/or tobacco. The half of the children was born in hospital, however, more than the third part had the childbirth attended for obstetricians laypeople. More of the half of the mothers it carried through prenatal consultations, being that the majority of them carried through less than six consultations. The prompt incidence of the diarrhea was of 3,7% and the incidence in last the fifteen previous days to the interviews was of 13,4%; the majority of the cases occurred among the greaters of 12 months and the biggest incidence enters the children of 6 to 12 months. With relation to the respiratory infections, more than the third part of the children presented cough in last the seven previous days to the interview, having as reason the respiratory infection. Less than 10% of the studied population the main cause of internment was hospitalized in the previous year to the study, having been the diarrhea. The prevalence of the malnutrition cases among the five year lesser Tremembà children in accordance with the height/age indices (H/A) was of 22,1%; weight/age (W/A) of 14,9% and weight/height (W/H) 1,4%. The medium duration of breast-feeding was of 12,2 months, however, among the children up to six months of age the prevalence of exclusive maternal suckling was of 10% and great majority, already it had received some type of food before completing the first month of life. The diet of the studied children revealed little varied, poor in fruits, verdures and vegetables; the majority of them had inadequate diet for carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and for the calories. The half of the children did not present adequacy for calcium; the iron was the nutrient that presented inadequacy for practically all the children, in all the ages bands. It is concluded that it has necessity of implementation of the maternal-infantile actions for the studied group, as well as related educative actions to the nutrition area, however, taking in consideration the peculiarities of the local culture.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the independent variables of age, gender, residence, tribal affiliation, and perceived government control over tribal rights and the dependent variables of hopelessness, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. These attitudes are then explored as to their relationship to possible feelings of powerlessness among American Indians. The survey instruments used are the Beck Hopelessness Scale consisting of 20 items (Beck, Weissman, Lester, and Trexler, 1974), (Reproduced by permission of publisher, Psychological Corporation), the Self-Efficacy Scale consisting of 30 items (Sherer, Maddox, Merchandante, Prentice-Dunn, Jacobs, and Rodgers, 1982) (Reproduced by permission of Dr. Ronald W. Rogers), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale consisting of 10 items (Rosenberg, 1972) (Reproduced by permission of Dr. Florence Rosenberg) and a demographic questionnaire consisting of 6 items. These instruments were administered to 60 American Indians that make up the sample population of 25 respondents from tribal lands (reservation setting) and 35 respondents from an urban setting. Statistical analysis consists of crosstabulations using Chi-Square and t-tests (used to verify Chi-Square) to determine the significance of the relationship of the independent variables to the dependent variables previously mentioned. Fifteen hypotheses (page 10) were tested to explore the relationships between the above independent variables and the dependent variables. Out of the 15 hypotheses that were investigated two were supported. The two hypotheses are hypothesis 10 and 11. Hypothesis 10 states; American Indians who live on a reservation have more hopelessness than those who live in an urban setting. This hypothesis was indicated to be marginal by Chi-Square analysis but when a t-test was conducted it was shown to be significant. Hypothesis 11 states; American Indians in urban residency will have more self-efficacy than reservation residents. While the data provided minimal support for the theory that hopelessness, self-efficacy, and self-esteem have a relationship to feelings of powerlessness and thus suicide in the American Indian population the outcome of the study provides pertinent data for future research.