Nesse trabalho, foram sintetizados seletivamente, a partir do óxido do limoneno em oposição a diversas aminas primárias e secundárias, onze b-aminoálcoois derivados do limoneno através de aquecimento convencional e sob irradiação com microondas, fornecendo produtos com moderados a bons rendimentos. O limoneno e nove destes aminoálcoois foram testados contra ovos e larvas de carrapatos da espécie de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplusn no intervalo de concentração de 0,150-10mg/mL. Os resultados revelaram que em doses entre 10 μl/ml - 2.5 μl/ml todos os compostos testados foram letais às larvas. Frente ao teste ovicida os compostos 2, 6, 8, 9 e 10 foram os mais ativos, impedindo a eclosão total ou quase total dos ovos na menor dose utilizada (0,150 μg/ml). Este é o primeiro relato da atividade carrapaticida de limoneno, óxido de limoneno e dos b- aminoálcoois do limoneno para a espécie de carrapato Rhipichephalus (Boophilus) microplus. O limoneno e sete β-aminoálcoois foram testatdos in vitro contra forma promastigota de Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis. Os resultados dos testes mostraram que, dentre os sete β-aminoálcoois testados dois deles foram mais ativos que o padrão pentamidina (48,5 ± 28,7 μM) e cinco foram mais ativos que o limoneno 1. Destes, dois deles (compostos 7 e 9) apresentaram alta atividade frente a formas promastigotas do ciclo parasitário numa concentração de 0,156mg/mL. O Limoneno 1 nesse teste se mostrou inativo (876,2 ± 216 μM) demonstrando que este terpeno isolado não é um bom antiparasitário contra formas promastigotas de Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis. Este é o primeiro relato de atividade contra leishmania para amino-álcoois derivados do limoneno. / In this work, a series of seven limonene β-amino alcohols derivatives have been regioselectively synthesized from moderate to good yields. The eleven β-amino alcohols Limonene derivatives were synthesized through aminólisis of Limonene oxide, using several primary and secondary amines by both conventional heating and under microwave irradiation. Limonene, Limonene oxide and nine ß-amino alcohol derivatives were investigated for the effect on egg hatchability and mortality rates of newly hatched larvae of cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. At the doses between 10 μl/ml to 2.5 μl/ml all compounds were highly lethal to the larvae and at lower concentrations some of them (2, 6, 8, 9 and 10) showed activity. The effect on hatchbility of the eggs was observed in all treatments. This is the first report of carrapicide activity for Limonene, Limonene oxide and nine ß-amino alcohol derivatives against cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The leishmanicidal activity was performed and according to the results two of these compounds were more powerful against in vitro cultures of Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis promastigote form in a range of μM. The activities observed for 3b and 3f were about 100 folds more potent than the drug standard Pentamidine, while the limonene hasn’t shown any activity in the same test. This is the first report of antileishmanial activity of Limonene β-amino alcohol derivatives.

Nesse trabalho, foram sintetizados seletivamente, a partir do óxido do limoneno em oposição a diversas aminas primárias e secundárias, onze b-aminoálcoois derivados do limoneno através de aquecimento convencional e sob irradiação com microondas, fornecendo produtos com moderados a bons rendimentos. O limoneno e nove destes aminoálcoois foram testados contra ovos e larvas de carrapatos da espécie de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplusn no intervalo de concentração de 0,150-10mg/mL. Os resultados revelaram que em doses entre 10 μl/ml - 2.5 μl/ml todos os compostos testados foram letais às larvas. Frente ao teste ovicida os compostos 2, 6, 8, 9 e 10 foram os mais ativos, impedindo a eclosão total ou quase total dos ovos na menor dose utilizada (0,150 μg/ml). Este é o primeiro relato da atividade carrapaticida de limoneno, óxido de limoneno e dos b- aminoálcoois do limoneno para a espécie de carrapato Rhipichephalus (Boophilus) microplus. O limoneno e sete β-aminoálcoois foram testatdos in vitro contra forma promastigota de Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis. Os resultados dos testes mostraram que, dentre os sete β-aminoálcoois testados dois deles foram mais ativos que o padrão pentamidina (48,5 ± 28,7 μM) e cinco foram mais ativos que o limoneno 1. Destes, dois deles (compostos 7 e 9) apresentaram alta atividade frente a formas promastigotas do ciclo parasitário numa concentração de 0,156mg/mL. O Limoneno 1 nesse teste se mostrou inativo (876,2 ± 216 μM) demonstrando que este terpeno isolado não é um bom antiparasitário contra formas promastigotas de Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis. Este é o primeiro relato de atividade contra leishmania para amino-álcoois derivados do limoneno. / In this work, a series of seven limonene β-amino alcohols derivatives have been regioselectively synthesized from moderate to good yields. The eleven β-amino alcohols Limonene derivatives were synthesized through aminólisis of Limonene oxide, using several primary and secondary amines by both conventional heating and under microwave irradiation. Limonene, Limonene oxide and nine ß-amino alcohol derivatives were investigated for the effect on egg hatchability and mortality rates of newly hatched larvae of cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. At the doses between 10 μl/ml to 2.5 μl/ml all compounds were highly lethal to the larvae and at lower concentrations some of them (2, 6, 8, 9 and 10) showed activity. The effect on hatchbility of the eggs was observed in all treatments. This is the first report of carrapicide activity for Limonene, Limonene oxide and nine ß-amino alcohol derivatives against cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The leishmanicidal activity was performed and according to the results two of these compounds were more powerful against in vitro cultures of Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis promastigote form in a range of μM. The activities observed for 3b and 3f were about 100 folds more potent than the drug standard Pentamidine, while the limonene hasn’t shown any activity in the same test. This is the first report of antileishmanial activity of Limonene β-amino alcohol derivatives.

Nesse trabalho, foram sintetizados seletivamente, a partir do óxido do limoneno em oposição a diversas aminas primárias e secundárias, onze b-aminoálcoois derivados do limoneno através de aquecimento convencional e sob irradiação com microondas, fornecendo produtos com moderados a bons rendimentos. O limoneno e nove destes aminoálcoois foram testados contra ovos e larvas de carrapatos da espécie de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplusn no intervalo de concentração de 0,150-10mg/mL. Os resultados revelaram que em doses entre 10 μl/ml - 2.5 μl/ml todos os compostos testados foram letais às larvas. Frente ao teste ovicida os compostos 2, 6, 8, 9 e 10 foram os mais ativos, impedindo a eclosão total ou quase total dos ovos na menor dose utilizada (0,150 μg/ml). Este é o primeiro relato da atividade carrapaticida de limoneno, óxido de limoneno e dos b- aminoálcoois do limoneno para a espécie de carrapato Rhipichephalus (Boophilus) microplus. O limoneno e sete β-aminoálcoois foram testatdos in vitro contra forma promastigota de Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis. Os resultados dos testes mostraram que, dentre os sete β-aminoálcoois testados dois deles foram mais ativos que o padrão pentamidina (48,5 ± 28,7 μM) e cinco foram mais ativos que o limoneno 1. Destes, dois deles (compostos 7 e 9) apresentaram alta atividade frente a formas promastigotas do ciclo parasitário numa concentração de 0,156mg/mL. O Limoneno 1 nesse teste se mostrou inativo (876,2 ± 216 μM) demonstrando que este terpeno isolado não é um bom antiparasitário contra formas promastigotas de Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis. Este é o primeiro relato de atividade contra leishmania para amino-álcoois derivados do limoneno. / In this work, a series of seven limonene β-amino alcohols derivatives have been regioselectively synthesized from moderate to good yields. The eleven β-amino alcohols Limonene derivatives were synthesized through aminólisis of Limonene oxide, using several primary and secondary amines by both conventional heating and under microwave irradiation. Limonene, Limonene oxide and nine ß-amino alcohol derivatives were investigated for the effect on egg hatchability and mortality rates of newly hatched larvae of cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. At the doses between 10 μl/ml to 2.5 μl/ml all compounds were highly lethal to the larvae and at lower concentrations some of them (2, 6, 8, 9 and 10) showed activity. The effect on hatchbility of the eggs was observed in all treatments. This is the first report of carrapicide activity for Limonene, Limonene oxide and nine ß-amino alcohol derivatives against cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The leishmanicidal activity was performed and according to the results two of these compounds were more powerful against in vitro cultures of Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis promastigote form in a range of μM. The activities observed for 3b and 3f were about 100 folds more potent than the drug standard Pentamidine, while the limonene hasn’t shown any activity in the same test. This is the first report of antileishmanial activity of Limonene β-amino alcohol derivatives.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-03-20T19:22:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cesaraugustocaneschi.pdf: 5294083 bytes, checksum: 0fcaa84691e8fe3011b7448e2622257a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-03-21T12:54:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cesaraugustocaneschi.pdf: 5294083 bytes, checksum: 0fcaa84691e8fe3011b7448e2622257a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-21T12:54:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cesaraugustocaneschi.pdf: 5294083 bytes, checksum: 0fcaa84691e8fe3011b7448e2622257a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-12 / As onicomicoses são infecções fúngicas que se caracterizam clinicamente por alterações morfológicas no tecido ungueal proporcionadas, principalmente, por fungos filamentosos dermatófitos, seu principal agente etiológico. Esta micose é considerada um problema de saúde pública e apresenta inúmeros fatores que podem favorecer o seu início. O tratamento é considerado um grande desafio para a medicina, uma vez é prolongado, apresenta reduzida eficácia e recidivas frequentes, além de ocasionar efeitos adversos ao pacientes. Diante do exposto, surge a necessidade de obtenção de novos compostos farmacologicamente ativos para esta finalidade. Desta forma, a síntese de compostos orgânicos e a investigação do potencial antifúngico pode impulsionar a elucidação de novos antifúngicos. Logo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antifúngica in vitro de amino álcoois e diaminas frente aos principais fungos causadores de onicomicoses. Para isso, foi realizada a análise antifúngica a fim de estabelecer as concentrações inibitória mínima (CIM) e fungicida mínima (CFM) frente as cepas de referência de Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 11481, T. rubrum CCT 5507 URM 1666, Epidermophyton floccosum CCF-IOF-3757, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 e um isolado clínico de C. albicans. Para auxiliar na compreensão da ação antifúngica foi empregada a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) juntamente com a avaliação de fatores de virulência fúngica (fosfolipase e melanina). Por último, foi investigada ainda a citotoxicidade in vitro dos amino álcoois frente a células de fibroblastos (L929) e queratinócitos (HaCaT). A partir de um grupo de cinquenta moléculas sintetizadas, foram selecionados três amino álcoois com cadeia alifática com 10, 12 e 14 carbonos (C) que foram fungicidas frente às cinco cepas de fungos avaliadas com valores de CIM variando de 0,46 – 1.000 μg/mL e CFM entre 7,81 - 1.000 μg/mL. Entre estas, destaque para o amino álcool com 14 C. Por meio das eletromicrografias foi possível evidenciar alterações morfológicas nas estruturas fúngicas das cinco espécies submetidas à ação dos amino álcoois selecionados, o que demonstrou sua ação sobre os fungos avaliados. Os compostos proporcionaram interferência na excreção de fosfolipase, no entanto, não interferiram na produção de melanina. Os amino álcoois revelaram relativa toxicidade frente às células L929 e HaCaT. Por meio dos resultados apresentados neste trabalho, é possível atribuir aos amino álcoois ação antifúngica frente aos principais fungos causadores da onicomicoses, entretanto, essas moléculas apresentaram toxicidade in vitro frente a fibroblastos e queratinócitos. Deste modo, os achados contribuem para a modificação estrutural das moléculas analisadas e/ ou síntese de novos compostos mais eficazes e menos tóxicos para o tratamento de onicomicoses. / Onychomycosis is a fungal infection characterized clinically by morphological changes in the nail tissue provided mainly by dermatophyte filamentous fungi, the main etiological agent. This mycosis is considered a public health problem and presents numerous factors that may favor its beginning. Its treatment is considered a great challenge for medicine, once it is prolonged, it presents reduced efficacy and frequent recurrences, besides causing adverse effects to the patients. In view of the above, there is a need to obtain new pharmacologically active compounds for this purpose. In this context, the synthesis of organic compounds and the investigation of the antifungal potential may boost the elucidation of new antifungal agents. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity in vitro of diamines and amino alcohols against the main fungi causing onychomycosis. For this, antifungal analysis was carried out to establish the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicide (CFM) against Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 11481, T. rubrum CCT 5507 URM 1666, Epidermophyton floccosum CCF-IOF-3757, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and a clinical isolate of C. albicans. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with the evaluation of fungal virulence factors (phospholipase and melanin). Finally, the in vitro cytotoxicity of amino alcohols against fibroblast cells (L929) and keratinocytes (HaCaT) was further investigated. From a group of fifty synthesized molecules, three amino acohols with 10, 12 and 14 C aliphatic chain were selected which were fungicidal against the five fungal strains evaluated with MIC values ranging from 0.46-1,000 μg/ mL and CFM between 7.81-1,000 μg/ mL. Among them, the amino alcohol with 14 C was featured. Using the electromicrographs, it was possible to show morphological changes in the fungal structures of the five species submitted to the action of the selected amino alcohols, which demonstrates their action on the evaluated fungi. The compounds provided interference in phospholipase excretion, however, did not interfere with melanin production. Amino alcohols revealed relative toxicity to L929 and HaCaT cells. Thus, the findings contribute to the structural modification of the molecules analyzed and / or synthesis of new compounds more effective and less toxic for the treatment of mycosis.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-29T12:13:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 giselebarbosa.pdf: 13872105 bytes, checksum: 80b53c78204148b2895105c24b335d8c (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Adicionar instituição on 2016-02-01T15:45:14Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T16:10:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 giselebarbosa.pdf: 13872105 bytes, checksum: 80b53c78204148b2895105c24b335d8c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-01T20:10:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 giselebarbosa.pdf: 13872105 bytes, checksum: 80b53c78204148b2895105c24b335d8c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T20:10:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 giselebarbosa.pdf: 13872105 bytes, checksum: 80b53c78204148b2895105c24b335d8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-11 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Compostos adamantóides têm sido alvo de interesse desde a virada do século 20, devido a sua analogia com a estrutura do diamante. A estrutura única do adamantano é refletida em suas propriedades físicas e químicas altamente diferenciadas, que podem ter muitas aplicações, incluindo a concepção de medicamentos e carreação de fármacos. Estes estão presentes numa grande variedade de compostos bioativos, mostrando atividade contra alguns agentes infecciosos e em muitos distúrbios fisiológicos. Juntamente com as aminas e, principalmente, as poliaminas que são substâncias que ocorrem amplamente em materiais biológicos podendo estar envolvidas em muitos aspectos como crescimento, divisão e diferenciação celular, os compostos adamantóides são considerados um alvo potencial para a quimioterapia de várias doenças, principalmente as infecciosas. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho tem como proposta a preparação de novos derivados adamantóides diaminados e amino álcoois, que sejam potenciais agentes farmacológicos. Para obtenção dos compostos almejados, o 1- adamantano metanol teve o grupo hidroxila transformado em um melhor grupo abandonador e em seguida substituído por diferentes aminas e amino álcoois. E, para a síntese dos derivados da 2-adamantanona foi realizada a aminação redutiva da mesma com as diaminas e amino álcoois utilizados. Obteve-se 19 compostos, sendo 12 inéditos, os quais foram caracterizados por espectroscopia na região do Infravermelho e Ressonância magnética nuclear de 1H e 13C. Foram realizados diferentes ensaios biológicos e o composto 7 apresentou maior destaque nos testes realizados. / Adamantoids compounds have been the subject of interest since the turn of the 20th century due to its analogy with the diamond structure. The unique structure of adamantane is reflected in their highly differing physical and chemical properties, which can have many applications, including drug design and drug delivery, and is present in a variety of bioactive compounds showing activity against several infectious agents, and in many physiological disorders. Along with amines and especially polyamines which are substances that widely occur in biological material may be involved in many aspects such as growth, cell division and differentiation been considered a potential target for chemotherapy for several, especially infectious diseases. In this context, this paper aims at the preparation of new diamines and amino alcohols adamantoids derivatives, which are potential pharmacological agents. To obtain the desired compounds, 1-adamantane methanol has the hydroxyl group converted into a better leaving group, and then replaced by different amines and amino alcohols. For the synthesis of the 2- adamantanone derivatives it was employed reductive amination with diamines and amino alcohols followed by the reduction with NaBH3CN. It was prepared in this work 19 compounds, including 12 previously unpublished, which were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. Preliminary biological evaluations were performed and compound 7 showed the best activity on the realized biological assays.

No description available.

This thesis is divided into four separate parts with amino alcohols as the common feature. The first part of the thesis describes the development of an efficient three-component approach to the synthesis of α-hydroxy-β-amino esters. Utilizing a highly diastereoselective Rh(II)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of carbonyl ylides to various aldimines, syn-α-hydroxy-β-amino esters are formed in high yields and excellent diastereoselectivities. An asymmetric version was also developed by employing chiral α-methylbenzyl imines as dipolarophiles yielding enantiomerically pure syn-α-hydroxy-β-amino esters. This methodology was also applied on a short asymmetric synthesis of the paclitaxel side-chain as well as in an asymmetric synthetic approach towards the proteasome inhibitor omuralide. Furthermore, the use of chiral Rh(II) carboxylates furnishes the syn-α-hydroxy-β-amino esters in moderate enantioselectivity (er up to 82:18), which indicates that the reaction proceeds via a metal-associated carbonyl ylide. The second part describes the development of a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides to aldehydes for the synthesis of α-amino-β-hydroxy esters. Different methods for the generation of the ylides, including Vedejs’ oxazole methology and an Ag(I)/phosphine-catalyzed approach have been evaluated. The best results were obtained with the Ag(I)/phosphine approach, which yielded the desired α-amino-β-hydroxy ester in 68% yield and 3.4:1 syn:anti-selectivity. The last two parts deals with the total synthesis of the amino alcohol-containing natural products D-erythro-sphingosine and (−)-stemoamide. The key transformation in the sphingosine synthesis is a cross-metathesis reaction for the assembly of the polar head group and the aliphatic chain. In the stemoamide synthesis, the key feature is an iodoboration/Negishi/RCM-sequence for the construction of the β,γ-unsaturated azepine core of stemoamide followed by a stereoselective bromolactonization/1,4-reduction strategy for the installation of the requisite C8-C9 trans-stereochemistry. / QC 20100820

<p>This thesis is divided into three separate parts with amino alcohols as the common feature. The first part describes the development of a novel three-component approach to the synthesis of α-hydroxy-β-amino esters. Utilizing a highly diastereoselective Rh(II)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of carbonyl ylides to various aldimines, syn-α-hydroxy-β-amino esters formed in high yields and excellent diastereoselectivities. This methodology was also applied in a short enantioselective synthesis of the C-13 side-chain of Taxol.</p><p>The second part of the thesis describes a total synthesis of D-erythro- Sphingosine based on a cross-metathesis approach to assemble the polar head group and the aliphatic chain.</p><p>The last part deals with the application of amino alcohols as scaffolds in a diversity-oriented protocol for the development of libraries of small polycyclic molecules. The design of the libraries is based on the iterative use of two powerful ring-forming reactions; a ring-closing metathesis and an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, to simultaneously introduce structural complexity and diversity.</p>

(FOR FIGURES REFER THE MAIN PDF FILE) Supramoleculr chemistry, aptly termed by Lehn as the study of molecular sociology, is the chemistry of the intermolecular bond, focusing on the structures and functions of “supermolecules” –chemical system formed by the association between two or more molecular components. While interrelated, this discipline forges beyond the domain of traditional molecular chemistry, which seeks to master the manipulation of the covalent bond between atoms and uncover the principle that governs the structures and properties of molecular species. Supramolecular chemistry assayas to blend the comprehensive resources of molecular chemistry with designed control of the intermolecular interactions to engineers supramolecular with features as well defined as those of the constituent molecular themselves. Not surprisingly, it has been stated that supramoleculars are to molecules and the intermolecular bond what molecules are to atoms and the covalent bond. In the realm of molecular crystals, the focus of supramolecular chemistry and indeed, the scope of the present thesis coverings with that of a rather recent, but rapidly emerging scientific discipline, namely crystal engineering. Coined nearly four decades ago in connection with photodimerization reaction in crystalline cinnamic acids, the term” crystal engineering” has since then broadened its expanse considerably and is, at present, most appropriately defined as“the understanding of intermolecular interactions in the context of crystal packing and the utilization of such understanding in the design of new solids with desired physical and chemical properties”. It would be befitting to remark that it is very pursuit (and more often than not, the elusive target) of being able to make functional solids by design that has allowed crystal engineering to evolve from an object of mere Scientific curiosity to a subject of tremendous utilization value. No proof for this assertion might be greater than that which lies in the fervent efforts put forth by pharmaceutical companies in understanding and controlling drug polymorphism, especially in the wake of the contemporary legal implications attendant with observing such a phenomenon. Polymorphism in molecular crystals results from the possibility of at least two different arrangements of the molecular of a given compound in the solid state and has therefore often been regarded as the” dark side” of crystal engineering. On one hand, polymorphism presents itself as an important probe in the study of structure-property relationship and allows elucidation of the varied macroscopic properties of the same molecule self-assembled in different crystalline environments. On the other hand, the phenomenon poses an implicit complication when predicating the product of a crystallization process forms the goal of a crystal engineering project. This is particularly true in case of crystal structure prediction (CSP) from the molecular structure of a given compound, where the experimentally obtained polymorphic modification may be a kinetic form and therefore, need not correspond to the one ranked lowest in energy from the computational studies. Indeed, this dichotomy between a thermodynamically and a kinetically controlled crystallization process reflects the underlying uncertainty associated with judging the outcome of a crystallization event. In this concept of a supramolecular synthon has been postulated to assimilate both thermodynamic and kinetic alternative, and therefore provide a working model for heuristic crystal design. By analogy with corey’s definition of a molecular synthon, a supramolecular synhon has been described” a structural unit within a supramolecule which can be formed and/or assembled by known or conceivable synthetic operations involving intermolecular interactions”. Being entirely probabilistic in nature, the robutness and thus, the transferability of a particular synthon to a designed crystal is assessed from a systermatic evolution of its recurrence in crystal structures of representative molecules. The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), which announced the inclusion of the 500000th crystal structures in its archives last year, provides an invaluable cache of experimentally determined structures and the foundation for crystal design in this regard. The practically of the supramolecular synthon approach, now almost synthymous with crystal engineering, has been demonstrated not only in the successful design of a number of functional solids, but also in its possible application in CSP as a knowledge-based alternative. Irrespective of the approach, a basic paradigm can however be constructed from any crystal engineering strategy, viz. construct the molecular building blocks and assemble these, with a prior knowledge of the possible non-covalent interactions, in a manner that leads to the desired crystal structure. This premise will form the central theme of the present thesis, entitled “From molecular to supramolecular: Probing solid state self –assemblies of conformatonally locked polycyclitos and structural siblings”. The dissertation will deal with the nuances of the self-assemblies of four classes of structurally related crystalline polycyclie compounds, all fashioned from a prototypical rigid trans-decalin backbone derived from commonly available aromatic precursors like naphthalene and anthracene. The thesis will be presented in four chapters, each based on one of the four functional make-ups present in the molecular under study. • Chapter 1.Relating intramolecular O-H…Ohydrogen bondigs to conformational locking: Design and self-assemblies of crystalline polyclitols. • Chapter 2.Preferences of supramolecular assemblies towards competing inter- and intramolecular O-H…O hydrogen bonds: A case study in crystalline acyldervaeives of conformarionally locked polyclitols. •Chapter 3.Synthesis of novel polyhydroxylated flustrates: Probing fluorine interactions in a conformatonally constructed environment. • Chapter 4. Strength vs.accessiblity: Universe the patterns of self-recognition in designer conformationally locked aminoacohols. A brief overview of each chapter is presented below. The first chapter of the thesis investigates the supramolecular chemistry of an O-H…O Hydrogen Bond formed between hydroxyl groups that have been constrained to occupy spatiality invariant position in the crystal structure of a polycyclitol (a portmanteau word derived from polycyclic cyclitol). Having been constructed on a grid trans-decalin carbocyclic backbone, the polycyclitols under study 1-6 are conformatonally locked and destined to exhibit an axial rich disposition of the hydroxyl groups, so that the OH functionalities in 1,3-relationship are automatically brought into a favorable geometry for the formation of intramolecular O-H…O hydrogen bonds. Working within this paradigm, which was formulated both logically and on the basis of the observed H-bonding patterns in the crystal structures of several conformationally locked polyols, we were able to demonstrate that intramolecular H-bonding between 1,3-syndisxial OH groups can be used as a tool to preordain the position of the intermolecular O-H…O-bond donors and accepts in the specially crafted polycyclitols 1-3. this observation not only simplified a qualitative visualization of the various packing patterns in 1-3, but also allowed us to propose, based on previously reported CSD analysis, the packing motifs mostlikely to converge with the experimental results. Despite its qualitative nature, the O-H…O hydrogen bonding patters, proposed for 1-3 were found to conform well with those observed experimentally for the tetrols 1 and 3, and even for the two polymorphic modifications of the hexol 2[Figure 1] The determination role played by intramolecular O-H…O bonding in the supramolecular assembly of 2, a novel bicycle C2h symmetric hexol having an all axial disposition of the six hydroxyl functionalities, prompted us to study the crystal packing of the three diastereomeric perhydro-2,3,4q,6,6,8a-naphthalenehexols 4-6. the end-to-end co-operative intramolecular O-H…O-H hydrogen bonding chain on both faces of the molecule, as observed in case of 2, through an axial-equatorial. Figure 1. (left) one of the packing modes proposed for the hexol 2. Note that the H-bonding pattern involves all donor/acceptor oxygen and incorporates infinite chains of O-H…O bonds of O-H….O bonds; (right) Molecular packing observed experimentally in the polymorph of the hexol 2 Transposition of one or more of the peripheral yhdroyl groups. With increased freedom now allowed to the OH groups in the choice of their H-bonding partners, as a compared to 2 crystal packing in the polycyclitols 4-6 evolved from the simplistic model of hydrogen bonding proposed and observed for 2,to ivoke more complex patterns of self assembly mediated through O-H…O-bonds In the second chapter, the crystal structures of four conformationally locked esters, namely tetraaccetate 7/tetrabenzoate 8 of hexol 2 and the diacetate9/dibenzoate 10 of tetrol1,have been analyzed in order to examine the preference of their supramolecular assemblies towards competing inter and intramolecular O-H…O hydrogen bonds. To this end, all the four esters under study were specially crafted on a trans-decalin backbone with the objective of relegating the O-H…O H-bond donors( in form of the 30 OH groups) to the molecular interior and having the peripheral H-bond accepters (in form of the 20 acyl groups) in 1,3-syndiaxial relationship. It was anticipated that this common design element would allow the supramolecular assembly of the easters to evolve along two possible pathway, namely one which employs intermoleculars O-H…O H-bonds (pathway 1) and the other that sacrifises those for intramolecular O-H…O H-bonds and settles for a crystal packing dictated by weak intermolecular interactions alone (pathway 2) A pure sample of 7 crystallized along pathway 1 in two enantiotropic modifications, one obtained at room temperature (form) and the other at 20 C0 (form) [Figure 2]. Behaving much like a temperature guided molecular switch, the tetraacetate 7 could be shifted reversibly between the forms response to changes in the ambient temperature. Thus, the form converted at -4 OC to the denser form, which displayed an unusual kinetic stability till 67 OC and transformed back to the form beyond this temperature. Subsequently, the close similarity between the self-assemble of the two dimonrphs of 7 and the diastereomer 11 was exploited in order to stimulated 7 to fallow the pathway 2 through preferential inhibition of pathway 1[Figure 3]. Interstingly, the nucleation inhibition 11 was obtained serendipitously a route 7 via an apparent breakdownof furst-platter rule. Unlike the tetraceatate 7, crystal packing in the tetrabenzoate 8 preferred to fallow exclusively pathway 2. The individualistic nature of the self-assemblies of 7 and 8 found to be in contrast commonalities noted in the mode of molecular assembly in 9 and 10 both of which conformed to a combination of pathway 1 and 2. A rationale for the preferred crystallization pathway of the four estes 7-10 as well as probable mechanism for the observed reversible transformation between the forms the tetracetate 7 will be put forth in this chapter. Figure 2. (Model for pathway 1) Molecular packing in the forms of the tetraacetate 7. The non-interacting hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity. Figure 3. (Model for pathway 2) The nucleation inhibitor 11 and form of the tetraacetate 7. The non-interacting hydrogen atoms have been omitted in the molecular packing diagram for clarity. In light of the wide ranging application of organofluorine compounds and the ambiguity that resides over the disposition of fluorine as a H-bond accepter, the third chapter utilizes three specially designed fluorinated polycyclitols 12-14 investigate the role of covalently bonded flurine in crystal structures of lesser studied aliphatic fluorous substracts and probe its capacity to engage itself in C(sp3)-F…H-X(sp3)(X=O and/or C) H-bounding, in presence of its isostere, the hydrozyl group. Conformatonality locked with well defined spatial disposition of functional groups, all the fluorinated polycyclitols 12-14 bear a fluorohydrin moiety, embedded in a rigid trans-decalin framework. In 12 and 14, it was conceived that the presence of a hydroxyl donor in a favorable 1, 3-syndiaxial relationship to a fluoro group on one side and a hydroxyl group on the other would allow an unambiguous comparison between the two isoteric functionalities (C-OH and C-F) to serve as acceptors for intramolecular hydrogen bonds (O-H…O and purported O-H…F respectively) The difluorodiol 13 was sought to serve as a control to assess the change in the C-F…H-X interactions (if any) which might be observed upon incorporating the peripheral secondary hydroxyl groups in 14. The result presented in this chapter will revel, in particular, that C(sp3) –F…H-C(sp3) hydrogen bonds, though weak and lesser investigated, can indeed be observed and supramolecular recognition motifs, involving such interactions, can be conserved even in crystal structures laden with stronger O-H…O hydrogen bonds [Figure 4}. Figure 4. (Left) Molecular packing in the difluorodiol 13, showing how four intermolecular C-H…F hydrogen bonds forms a part of a R22 H-bonding motif (encircled). This centrosymmentic supramolecular recognition unit is observed even in the molecular packing in the difluorohexol 14 (right). Non-interacting H atoms have been omitted in both diagrams for the sake of clarity. The forth chapter details an in-depth study carried out on the self-assembly of a conformationally locked aminoalchohol 15, in which the amino protons serve as mere spectators, the molecular packing in the crystal being realized through the co-operativity between O-H…N H-bonds and weak π-π stacking interaction (Figure 5b). The crystal structure of 15 was quite intriguing on three sailent grounds (a) previous studies on the supramolecular assemblies in the aminols have shown that both amino and hydroxyl protons participate in H-bonding in the crystal structures of such compounds; (b) the fact that the hydrogen atoms of the NH2 group Figure 5. (Left) Laplacian distribution map in the planes defined by (a) the double bonds, (c) O-H…N-H-bond, and (d) π-π stacking interactions in the aminoalclhol 15. Contours havse been drawn at logarithmic intervals in ▼2 ρb, eÅ-5. Solid lines indicate positive contours and dotted lines negative contours. (b) Molecular packing in 15. Non-interacting H atoms have been omitted for the sake of clarity.remain as mere bystanders in anomalous if one were to abide by the Etter’s rule; (c) the rather well-difined π-π stacking interactions in crystal structure of the aminoalcohol occurs between isolated olefinic bonds-a rarely encountered form of non-covalent interaction. Charge destiny analysis was carried out on the aminoalcoholf 15 not only to catheterize the non-covalent interactions existing in the supramolecular assembly in terms of topological features of electrol destiny at their bond critical points, but also to confirm the non-involvement of the amino H-atoms in any form of either intra- or intermoalecular hydrogen bonds beyond the criteria of mere geometry (Figure a,c,d). The maverick nature of the self-assembly of 15 was elucidated as resulting from the preference of the molecules to assemble with O-H…N H-bonds. This automatically relegated the hydrogen atoms of the tertiary amine to the interior of the conformationally locked cabocycclic scaffold, thereby making them far less accessible than the peripheral C=C bonds.

This thesis deals with the development of new reaction methodology as well as stereochemical investigations. The first part concerns the investigation of 1,2- and merged 1,2- and 1,3- asymmetric induction in Mukaiyama aldol additions to α-heteroatom and α,β- heteroatom substituted aldehydes respectively. In particular, the unexpected 1,2-syn selectivity obtained in the addition of sterically hindered nucleophiles to α-chloroaldehydes is examined, and an explanation for the observed stereochemical trends is proposed. The second part describes the development of a novel entry to α-amino-β- hydroxy esters by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of aldehydes and azomethine ylides, generated by thermolysis of aziridines. The third part deals with our efforts to develop a novel entry to vicinal all- carbon quaternary centers, based on an intramolecular domino Heck- carbonylation reaction using tetrasubstituted olefins. / QC 20120611