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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Icodextrin metabolism in peritoneal dialysis : clinical and experimental studies /

García López, Elvia, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.
92

Die Alpha-Amylase aus Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Verbesserung der Alkaliaktivität und Steigerung der spezifischen Aktivität mittels gerichteter Evolution /

Bessler, Cornelius. January 2002 (has links)
Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2002.
93

Biotechnologische Untersuchungen über Eigenschaften und Eignung von Hafer als nachwachsender Rohstoff für die industrielle Nutzung /

Hagmann, Klaus. Unknown Date (has links)
Universiẗat, Diss., 1997--Hohenheim.
94

A quantitative assessment of the anti-nutritional properties of Canadian pulses

Shi, Lan 22 December 2015 (has links)
This study has assessed the effects of pulse type and processing (soaking and cooking) on antinutritional factors (α-amylase inhibitor, trypsin inhibitor, chymotrypsin inhibitor, lectins, phytic acid and oxalates) in a wide range of Canadian pulses, using soybean as a control. The contents of these antinutrients in Canadian pulses varied widely, but the levels were generally lower than those found in soybean. Analysis of variance indicated that both pulse type and processing had significant effects (P < 0.0001) on the investigated seeds. Soaking markedly decreased the contents of α-amylase inhibitor, trypsin inhibitor, chymotrypsin inhibitor, lectins and oxalates, but had no impact on phytic acid. Cooking of presoaked seeds appeared to be more effective; all proteinaceous antinutrients (α-amylase inhibitor, trypsin inhibitor, chymotrypsin inhibitor and lectins) were decreased by 80 – 100%, and significant reductions in phytic acid content (11 – 39%) were observed for all pulses, except common beans and soybean. / February 2016
95

Modificações enzimáticas em pães brancos e pães ricos em fibras: impactos na qualidade

Nunes, Janine Carvalho January 2008 (has links)
O pão é um dos alimentos mais consumidos na dieta humana, estando presente na mesa de diferentes povos e classes sociais. Além do seu aspecto apetitoso, o pão apresenta importante valor nutricional, uma vez que é fonte de carboidratos, proteínas, vitaminas e sais minerais. Na medida em que a panificação se estendeu do processo artesanal para a escala industrial, a utilização de agentes melhoradores de farinha vem se ampliando em função da necessidade de melhorar as características de processo e a vida útil dos produtos obtidos. Durante décadas, enzimas foram adicionadas à farinha na produção de pães com a finalidade de melhorar seu volume, sabor, aroma, estrutura da casca e do miolo, maciez e vida-deprateleira. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da adição de enzimas na qualidade de pães brancos e pães ricos em fibras através do uso de associações enzimáticas de transglutaminase, xilanase e amilase. Foram preparadas 17 formulações para cada tipo de pão, com diferentes concentrações das enzimas, de acordo com o planejamento experimental 23 e para análise foi utilizada a metodologia de superfície de resposta. As etapas básicas da produção dos pães foram: pesagem e amassamento; divisão, boleamento e descanso; modelagem; fermentação; forneamento e resfriamento. As farinhas com a adição da associação enzimática e padrão foram submetidas às análises de umidade, cinzas, teor de glúten, cor, absorção de água, estabilidade, elasticidade e extensibilidade. Todas as 17 formulações e a formulação padrão para pão branco e pão rico em fibra foram analisadas sensorialmente, através da Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ), e físico-quimicamente, através das análises de umidade, cinzas, textura, cor, altura das fatias e volume específico. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho mostraram que a adição destas enzimas não é necessária para se ter um pão com boa qualidade e com características exigidas pelos consumidores. Observou-se que o efeito da associação das três enzimas testadas não foi significativo, pois na maioria das características avaliadas o melhor resultado foi o apresentado na amostra padrão, sem adição de enzimas. / Bread is one of the most consumed foods in the human diet. It is found on the table of people from different cultures and social classes. Besides its appetizing aspect, bread also presents important nutritional value, since it is a source of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and mineral salts. As bread-making has gone from the handmade process to the industrial scale, the usage of bread enhancements has increased in order to attend the necessity of improving process’s characteristics and lifespan of the obtained product. Throughout many decades, enzymes were added to the flour during bread’s production with the objective of increasing its volume, taste, aroma, crust’s and crumb’s structure, softness and lifespan. The present work is proposed to evaluate how the addition of enzymes can influence on the quality of white and wholemeal bread through the use of enzymatic associations of transglutaminase, xylanase and amylase. 17 formulations have been prepared for each type of bread, each one with different enzyme concentrations, according to the experimental planning 2³. The methodology used for the analysis was the Response Surface Methodology – RSM. The basic steps of production were: weighing and kneading; dividing, ball making and resting; molding; fermenting; baking and cooling. Both the standard flours and the ones with the addition of enzymatic associations were submitted to humidity, ashes, gluten level, color, water absorption, stability, elasticity, and extensibility analysis. All 17 formulations and the standard formulation for white bread and wholemeal bread have been submitted to sensorial evaluation using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. They have also been physically and chemically tested through the analysis of humidity, ashes, texture, color, height of the slices and specific volume. The results obtained from this research proved that the addition of those enzymes is not necessary in order to make good quality bread with characteristics demanded by its consumers. It has been observed that the effect of the association of the 3 tested enzymes was not significant. The standard sample - free of enzyme addition - presented the best results for most of the evaluated characteristics.
96

Utilização de mix de enzimas exógenas na alimentação de frangos de corte / Utilization of exogenous enzymes mix to feed broiler chickens

Stefanello, Catarina January 2016 (has links)
Esta tese foi conduzida para avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de diferentes enzimas exógenas e suas combinações em dietas milho e farelo de soja para frangos de corte. Dois experimentos (Exp.) de digestibilidade e um experimento de desempenho foram conduzidos utilizando um total de 2616 frangos de corte, machos Cobb 500. No Exp. 1, as aves foram alimentadas com uma ração basal milho-farelo de soja ou uma dieta com 60% da ração basal milho-soja + 40% de milho. Ambas dietas foram suplementadas com níveis crescentes de beta-xilanase [0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 unidades de β- xilanase fúngica (FXU)/kg de ração], distribuídas em 10 tratamentos com 8 repetições e 6 aves cada. O Exp. 2 consistiu do fornecimento de dietas milhosoja, formuladas com ou sem fitase [1000 unidades de fitase fúngica (FYT)/kg] e suplementadas com amilase [80 kilo-Novo unidades (KNU) de alfaamilase/ kg], xilanase (100 FXU/kg) ou a combinação de amilase + xilanase, em 6 tratamentos com 8 repetições e 7 aves cada. Nestes dois estudos foi utilizada a mesma formulação da ração basal milho-soja, mesmo milho e metodologia de análises. As aves foram avaliadas dos 14 aos 25 d, com coleta de excretas de 21 a 24 d e coleta de conteúdo ileal aos 25 d. Por fim, o Exp. 3 foi realizado para avaliar o desempenho de frangos de corte e a biodisponibilidade da energia até 40 d. Foram utilizados os mesmos produtos enzimáticos, e estes foram suplementados na mesma quantidade dos estudos anteriores. Não foram observadas interações entre xilanase e as dietas no Exp. 1 ou entre carboidrases e fitase no Exp. 2. A utilização da energia e a digestibilidade da proteína bruta e matéria seca aumentaram (P < 0,05) com a suplementação de 100 FXU/kg de xilanase em dietas milho-soja. Frangos de corte alimentados dos 14 aos 25 d com dietas formuladas com fitase ou suplementadas com amilase + xilanase tiveram maior ganho de peso (P < 0,05) e menor conversão alimentar (P < 0,05), quando comparados aos frangos que receberam dietas sem carboidrases de 14 a 25 d. A EMAn e a digestibilidade do amido no jejuno e no ileo aumentaram (P < 0,05), respectivamente, em 99 kcal/kg, 3,5% e 2,4% quando os frangos receberam dietas suplementadas com amilase + xilanase. No Exp. 3, no período de 1 a 40 d, a EMAn estimada para GP foi 99, 83 e 136 kcal/kg e para CA foi 40, 26 e 42 kcal/kg, respectivamente para amilase, xilanase e amilase + xilanase. Resultados destes experimentos mostraram que dietas milho-soja formuladas com fitase e suplementadas com xilanase, amilase e amilase + xilanase resultaram em melhor desempenho produtivo e maior EMAn e digestibilidade do amido para frangos de corte. / This thesis was conducted to evaluate effects of different exogenous enzyme supplementation and its combinations in corn-soybean meal diets for broilers. Two experiments (Exp.) of digestibility and one experiment of performance were done using a total of 2,616 Cobb 500 male broiler chickens. In Exp. 1, birds were fed a corn-soy basal diet or a diet with 60% corn-soy basal + 40% corn. Both diets were supplemented with increasing levels of beta-xylanase [0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 fungal β-xylanase units (FXU)/kg of feed], distributed in 10 treatments with 8 replications and 6 birds each. The Exp. 2 consisted of corn-soy diets formulated without or with phytase [1,000 fungal phytase units (FYT/kg)] and supplemented with amylase [80 kilo- Novo α-amylase units (KNU)/kg] or the combination of amylase + xylanase, to 6 treatments with 8 replications and 7 birds each. In these two studies, the same corn-soy basal diet was formulated and the same corn and methodology analysis were used. Birds were evaluated from 14 to 25 d, with excreta collection from 21 to 24 d and ileal content collection at 25 d. Finally, the Exp. 3 was done to evaluate broiler growth performance and energy equivalency until 40 d. The same enzyme products supplemented at the same amount of earlier studies were used. No interactions were found between xylanase and diets in Exp. 1 or between carbohydrases and phytase in Exp. 2. Energy utilization and digestibility of crude protein and dry matter increased (P < 0.05) with 100 FXU/kg xylanase supplementation in corn-soy diets. Broilers fed diets from 14 to 25 d formulated whit phytase or supplemented with amylase + xylanase had higher body weight gain (P < 0.05) and lower feed conversion rate (P < 0.05) when compared to broilers fed diets without carbohydrases. The AMEn and starch digestibility in jejum and ileum increased (P < 0.05), respectively by 99 kcal/kg, 3.5% and 2.4% when broilers were fed diets supplemented with amylase + xylanase. In Exp. 3, from 1 to 40 d, AMEn estimated for BWG was 99, 83, and 136 kcal/kg and for FCR was 40, 26, and 42 kcal/kg, respectively for amylase, xylanase, and amylase + xylanase. Results from these experiments show that corn-soy diets having phytase and supplemented with xylanase, amylase, and amylase + xylanase led to improved growth performance, and increased AMEn and starch digestibility in broiler chickens.
97

Enzimas exógenas em dietas para frangos de corte

Dourado, Leilane Rocha Barros [UNESP] 27 February 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dourado_lrb_dr_jabo.pdf: 333239 bytes, checksum: 5dcd15534caceb7ee8cf5fb1bf6de955 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Foram conduzidos quatro ensaios para avaliar o uso de enzimas exógenas para frangos de corte. No primeiro ensaio foi avaliada a energia metabolizável verdadeira (EMV) do milho e do farelo de soja com a adição ou não de complexo enzimático xilanase, amilase, protease (XAP), de xilanase e de fitase, utilizando o método de alimentação precisa com galos. Foi verificada melhoria de 2,3% na EMV do milho com adição de fitase. No segundo ensaio foi avaliada a energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) do milho com a adição ou não de amilase, xilanase, fitase, complexo XAP, combinação de XAP e fitase e com adição de complexo xilanase/pectinase/ßglucanase (XPBG), utilizando o método de coleta total (pintos). O milho foi suplementado com macro e microminerais. A adição das enzimas promoveu melhoria na EMA do milho entre 1,26 a 2,11%, exceto com o complexo XPBG. No terceiro ensaio foi avaliado o efeito do tipo de milho (seco no campo e artificialmente) e a eficiência de utilização de XAP em dietas com redução de 125kcal na EMA, comparada a dietas formuladas para atender as exigências das aves, sobre a digestibilidade ileal e desempenho de frangos. A adição de enzimas não promoveu respostas sobre o desempenho, entretanto, melhorou a digestibilidade de alguns nutrientes e a energia digestível das dietas... / Four trials were conduced to evaluate enzymes use for broilers. In the first trial the true metabolizable energy (TME) of corn and soybean meal was evaluated with or without addition of enzymatic blend (xylanase, amylase, protease - XAP), of xilanase and of fitase, using the forced feeding method with roosters. The improvement of 2.3% was observed in corn TME with fitase addition. In the second trial the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of corn (supplied with macro and micro minerals) with or without enzyme addition using total collection technique. The enzymes were: amylase; xylanase; phytase; XAP; XAP and phytase combination; xylanase/pectinase/ßglucanase (XPBG) blend. The enzymes addition provided increase on corn AME between 1.26% to 1.66%, except with XPBG addition. In the third trial, was evaluated the effect of the corn type (field dried and oven dried) and the efficiency of use of XAP in diets with reduction of 125kcal in EMA (NC), compared to diets formulated to assist the birds requirements (PC), under nutrient digestibility and performance of broilers. The effect of enzyme addition and corn type in digestibility coefficient of minerals was observed. The birds fed oven dried corn showed better digestibility results in all evaluated variables. In conclusion, the nutrients digestibility showed the positive effect with enzyme addition on NC...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
98

Modificações enzimáticas em pães brancos e pães ricos em fibras: impactos na qualidade

Nunes, Janine Carvalho January 2008 (has links)
O pão é um dos alimentos mais consumidos na dieta humana, estando presente na mesa de diferentes povos e classes sociais. Além do seu aspecto apetitoso, o pão apresenta importante valor nutricional, uma vez que é fonte de carboidratos, proteínas, vitaminas e sais minerais. Na medida em que a panificação se estendeu do processo artesanal para a escala industrial, a utilização de agentes melhoradores de farinha vem se ampliando em função da necessidade de melhorar as características de processo e a vida útil dos produtos obtidos. Durante décadas, enzimas foram adicionadas à farinha na produção de pães com a finalidade de melhorar seu volume, sabor, aroma, estrutura da casca e do miolo, maciez e vida-deprateleira. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da adição de enzimas na qualidade de pães brancos e pães ricos em fibras através do uso de associações enzimáticas de transglutaminase, xilanase e amilase. Foram preparadas 17 formulações para cada tipo de pão, com diferentes concentrações das enzimas, de acordo com o planejamento experimental 23 e para análise foi utilizada a metodologia de superfície de resposta. As etapas básicas da produção dos pães foram: pesagem e amassamento; divisão, boleamento e descanso; modelagem; fermentação; forneamento e resfriamento. As farinhas com a adição da associação enzimática e padrão foram submetidas às análises de umidade, cinzas, teor de glúten, cor, absorção de água, estabilidade, elasticidade e extensibilidade. Todas as 17 formulações e a formulação padrão para pão branco e pão rico em fibra foram analisadas sensorialmente, através da Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ), e físico-quimicamente, através das análises de umidade, cinzas, textura, cor, altura das fatias e volume específico. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho mostraram que a adição destas enzimas não é necessária para se ter um pão com boa qualidade e com características exigidas pelos consumidores. Observou-se que o efeito da associação das três enzimas testadas não foi significativo, pois na maioria das características avaliadas o melhor resultado foi o apresentado na amostra padrão, sem adição de enzimas. / Bread is one of the most consumed foods in the human diet. It is found on the table of people from different cultures and social classes. Besides its appetizing aspect, bread also presents important nutritional value, since it is a source of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and mineral salts. As bread-making has gone from the handmade process to the industrial scale, the usage of bread enhancements has increased in order to attend the necessity of improving process’s characteristics and lifespan of the obtained product. Throughout many decades, enzymes were added to the flour during bread’s production with the objective of increasing its volume, taste, aroma, crust’s and crumb’s structure, softness and lifespan. The present work is proposed to evaluate how the addition of enzymes can influence on the quality of white and wholemeal bread through the use of enzymatic associations of transglutaminase, xylanase and amylase. 17 formulations have been prepared for each type of bread, each one with different enzyme concentrations, according to the experimental planning 2³. The methodology used for the analysis was the Response Surface Methodology – RSM. The basic steps of production were: weighing and kneading; dividing, ball making and resting; molding; fermenting; baking and cooling. Both the standard flours and the ones with the addition of enzymatic associations were submitted to humidity, ashes, gluten level, color, water absorption, stability, elasticity, and extensibility analysis. All 17 formulations and the standard formulation for white bread and wholemeal bread have been submitted to sensorial evaluation using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. They have also been physically and chemically tested through the analysis of humidity, ashes, texture, color, height of the slices and specific volume. The results obtained from this research proved that the addition of those enzymes is not necessary in order to make good quality bread with characteristics demanded by its consumers. It has been observed that the effect of the association of the 3 tested enzymes was not significant. The standard sample - free of enzyme addition - presented the best results for most of the evaluated characteristics.
99

Examining Multiple Sleep Behaviors and Diurnal Patterns of Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-Amylase: Within- and Between-Person Associations

January 2015 (has links)
abstract: Sleep is essential for physical and psychological health. Sleep has also been linked to the daily patterns of key stress-responsive physiological systems, specifically the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system (ANS). Extant research examining sleep and diurnal patterns of cortisol, the primary end product of the HPA axis, is inconsistent. Moreover, it is not clear how specific aspects of sleep behavior (e.g., sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep variability) are related to specific components of diurnal cortisol rhythms. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has been recognized as a surrogate marker of ANS activity, but limited research has explored relations between sleep and sAA diurnal rhythms. The current study utilized a modified ecological momentary assessment protocol to examine within- and between-person relations between multiple facets of sleep behavior using multiple methods (e.g., subjective report, actigraphy) and salivary cortisol and sAA. First year college students (N = 76) provided saliva samples and diary entries five times per day over the course of three days. Sleep was assessed via questionnaire, through daily diaries, and monitored objectively using actigraphy over a four day period. Between-person results revealed that shorter average sleep duration and greater sleep variability was related to lower levels of waking cortisol and flatter diurnal slopes across the day. Within-person results revealed that on nights when individuals slept for shorter durations than usual they also had lower levels of waking cortisol the next day. Sleep was not related to the cortisol awakening response (CAR) or diurnal patterns of sAA, in either between-person or within-person analyses. However, typical sleep behaviors measured via questionnaire were related to waking levels of sAA. Overall, this study provides a greater understanding of how multiple components of sleep, measured in naturalistic environments, is related to cortisol and sAA diurnal rhythms, and how day-to-day, within-person changes in sleep duration contribute to daily variations in cortisol. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2015
100

Desempenho, incremento de energia e digestibilidade de nutrientes em rações de frangos de corte contendo enzimas exógenas / Performance, energy increment and digestibility of nutrients in broiler chickens diets containing exogenous enzymes

Paula Wick Rizzoli 16 October 2009 (has links)
Essa pesquisa avaliou o efeito da suplementação de dois complexos enzimáticos sobre o desempenho, incremento de energia e digestibilidade da matéria seca (MS), proteína (PB), aminoácidos (AAs) e extrato etéreo (EE) por 3 metodologias (coleta total de fezes, coleta com indicador e coleta ileal) em rações de frangos. No ensaio de desempenho foram utilizados 2.592 pintos machos distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos (1: controle positivo; 2: controle negativo 1 (CN 1) decrescido de 2% de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), AA e PB na fase de 1 a 21 dias e de 2,5% na fase de 22-42 dias; 3: controle negativo 2 (CN 2) decrescido de 4% de EMA, AA e PB na fase de 1 a 21 dias e de 5% na fase de 22-42 dias; 4: CN 1 mais 400 g do complexo A (&alpha;-amilase e &beta;-glucanase); 5: CN 1 mais 500 g do complexo B (&alpha;-amilase, &beta;-glucanase e xilanase); 6: CN 2 mais 400 g do complexo A; 7: CN 2 mais 500 g do complexo B), sendo o tratamento 1 com 6 repetições e os outros com 7, totalizando 48 parcelas experimentais com 54 aves cada. Foi adotado um programa alimentar com 2 fases: de 1 a 21 dias e de 22 a 42 dias. As características de desempenho avaliadas foram: consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, conversão alimentar ajustada, viabilidade e índice de eficiência produtiva. No ensaio de metabolismo foram utilizados 351 pintos machos de um dia alojados em baterias seguindo delineamento inteiramente casualizado com os mesmos tratamentos do experimento 1, sendo os três primeiros com 5 repetições e os demais com 6, totalizando 39 parcelas experimentais com 9 aves por gaiola. O complexo enzimático B na dieta com menor redução proporcionou desempenho similar ao encontrado no controle positivo nas diferentes fases estudadas. Na primeira coleta do ensaio de metabolismo, realizada com aves de 21 dias, os complexos enzimáticos não foram eficazes em incrementar a energia da ração e a digestibilidade da matéria seca, do extrato etéreo, da proteína bruta e dos aminoácidos. Na coleta realizada com aves de 42 dias, o tratamento 5 proporcionou maiores valores de energia digestível e metabolizável, não diferindo dos tratamentos 1, 3 e 4 na metodologia de coleta total e dos tratamentos 3 e 4 nas metodologias de coleta com indicador e coleta ileal. O tratamento 5 ainda apresentou maior digestibilidade da MS pela metodologia de coleta com indicador. Os complexos enzimáticos melhoraram a digestibilidade do EE quando comparados aos seus respectivos tratamentos controle. Os tratamentos 4 e 5 apresentaram maior digestibilidade da PB pela metodologia de coleta ileal. Os maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade dos AAs concentraram-se no tratamento 5, seguido pelo tratamento 4. No geral, a metodologia de coleta total de excretas promoveu resultados mais consistentes. Conclui-se que a utilização de enzimas exógenas e viável técnica e economicamente. / This study evaluated the effect of supplementation of two enzymatic complexes on performance, energy increment and digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), amino acids (AA) and ether extract (EE) by three methodologies (total excreta collection, collection with marker and ileal collection) in broilers diets. In the performance assay a total of 2,592 male broiler chicks were randomly distributed in seven treatments (1: positive control; 2: negative control 1 (NC 1) with 2% reduction on apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AA and CP from 1 to 21 days and 2,5% from 22 to 42 days; 3: negatice control 2 (CN 2) with 4% reduction on AME, AA and CP from 1 to 21 days and 5% from 22 to 42 days; 4: NC 1 with 400 ppm of enzymatic complex A (&alpha;-amylase and &beta;-glucanase); 5: NC 1 with 500 ppm of enzymatic complex B (&alpha;-amylase, &beta;-glucanase and xylanase); 6: NC 2 with 400 ppm of enzymatic complex A; 7: NC 2 with 500 ppm of enzymatic complex B. Treatment one had six replicates and all the others treatments had seven replicates, in a total of 48 experimental units of 54 birds each. A feeding program with two phases was used from 1 to 21 days and from 22 to 42 days. Body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate, adjusted feed conversion rate, viability and index of production efficiency were measured. In the metabolism assay a total of 351 male broiler chicks were housed in metallic batteries and randomly distributed in the same treatments of the performance assay. Treatments 1, 2 and 3 had 5 replicates and all the others treatments had 6 replicates, in a total of 39 experimental units of 9 birds by cage. The enzymatic complex B in the diet with lower reduction reached the same level of performance as the positive control diet. In the first collection of the metabolism assay (21 days), the enzymatic complexes were not efficient to increment the energy of the feed and digestibility of DM, EE, CP and AA. In the collection with 42 days, the treatment 5 provided the best result for digestible and metabolizable energies, but was not different of the treatments 1, 3 and 4 in total excreta collection methodology and of the treatments 3 and 4 in collection with marker and ileal collection methodologies. Treatment 5 even provided higher digestibility of DM by collection with marker methodology. The enzymatic complexes improved the ether extract digestibility when compared to their respective control treatments. The treatments 4 and 5 presented higher crude protein digestibility by ileal collection. The highest coefficients of digestibility of AA were observed in treatment 5, followed by treatment 4. In general, the total excreta collection methodology promoted higher consistency of the results. It was concluded that the exogenous enzymes utilization is technical and economically feasible.

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