Der Begriff Bildung weist ein enormes Spektrum unterschiedlicher Bedeutungszuschreibun-gen auf und ist Gegenstand diverser Diskurse. Auch Öffentliche Bibliotheken bedienen sich des Terminus und nehmen für sich einen Bildungsauftrag in Anspruch. Eine begriffliche Präzisierung dessen, was sie konkret mit Bildung verbinden, bleibt dabei jedoch außen vor. Dem bibliothekarischen Bildungsbegriff mangelt es insofern an einer theoretischen Fundie-rung und an semantisch-konzeptioneller Klarheit. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht daher, nach welchem Verständnis bzw. Ideal von Bildung Öffentliche Bibliotheken in Deutschland agieren. Ein Schwerpunkt dabei ist die Frage, inwieweit bibliothekarische Bildungsvorstel-lungen mit den gegenwärtigen umfassenden Digitalisierungs- und Mediatisierungsprozes-sen in Verbindung stehen. Dem Erkenntnisinteresse entsprechend werden zunächst in ei-ner analytisch-synoptischen Herangehensweise ausgewählte Bildungstheorien vorgestellt und miteinander verglichen. Darauf aufbauend wird gezeigt, inwieweit es Gemeinsamkeiten sowie Unterschiede zwischen diversen Bildungsauffassungen einerseits und den Hand-lungsfeldern Öffentlicher Bibliotheken andererseits gibt. Auf diesen literaturgestützt-analy-tischen Teil der Arbeit folgt die Darstellung einer quantitativ angelegten Studie. Mittels einer Online-Umfrage unter Öffentlichen Bibliotheken in Deutschland werden Thesen, die sich aus den theoretischen Vorarbeiten ergeben, geprüft. Der quantitative Ansatz wird sodann mit einer qualitativen Befragung in Form von Experteninterviews, die der Vertiefung einzel-ner Aspekte dient, verknüpft. (S. Dissertationstext, Kap. Abstract). / „Bildung“ is a specific german concept. The term is not clearly defined and has multiple meanings. For example, it might be associated with self-cultivation, formation, a well-edu-cated person or with a certain state of mind. Just like many other actors, public libraries use that term. But it remains unclear what they mean when they speak of „Bildung“. Finding this out, is the core question of this dissertation. One key aspect here is the question if the digital revolution is connected with the concept of „Bildung“ of public libraries in Germany. To find answers to the research questions, the dissertation includes a theoretical part which gives an overview of different concepts of „Bildung“ and the roots of the term. In addition to that, a comparative analysis of different meanings of „Bildung“ and the self-image and the actions of the public libraries in Germany is presented. The theoretical part is followed by the description of a quantitative study: An online-survey among public libraries in Germany was conducted to test several hypotheses that are based on the previous conclusions and ex-planations. To gain more information, the dissertation uses a qualitative approach as well: Several expert interviews were conducted to explore relevant aspects and details. (S. dissertation, chapter abstract).

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As a result of crisis and scandals, a lot of criticism has been emphasized against an auditor’sindependence and profession. In order to re-establish confidence in financial statements, theEuropean Commission introduced a Green Paper that above all included a proposal of mandatoryaudit firm rotation aiming to enhance an auditor's independence. The aim of this thesis istherefore to describe whether an auditor’s independence may be affected by the new lawregarding Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation, by contributing with more information regarding auditfirm rotation based on Swedish companies from the Swedish market. The study is based on a quantitative approach using a multivariate logistic regression in order tocompile and analyze the results. Six hypotheses have been tested in order to determine whetherchosen variables may affect an auditor's independence and their statements. Based on our results,we accepted four hypotheses, showing that four variables have an influence on qualified opinion,with rotation as a reference variable. The four variables are leverage, size, specialist and losswhich showed a statistically significance using a 5% significance level. The results imply thataudit firm rotation may enhance an auditor's independence.

Vocabulary is well acknowledged as playing a critical role in language and reading development for young children, particularly for children learning English as an Additional Language (EAL) in school (Scarborough, 2001; Stahl & Nagy, 2005). However, most previous research on vocabulary has focused on measuring individual words and failed to examine knowledge of multi-word phrases, despite corpus evidence that these items are common in the English lexicon (Erman & Warren, 2000). The nature of multi-word vocabulary knowledge and its possible contribution to literacy skills among children remains underexplored, possibly due to a lack of available suitable measures. The current thesis details the development and administration of an original multi-word phrase task containing transparent, semi-transparent and non-transparent verb + object phrases to 108 British monolingual English speakers and learners with EAL in school years 3, 4 and 5. Results showed a strong effect of item transparency, even greater than frequency. Year 4 monolingual English speakers had significantly higher scores than year 3 monolingual learners on non-transparent items, while among learners with EAL year 3 and 4 performances were similar and year 5 learners’ scores were significantly higher. The second phase of the study explored the contribution of multi-word phrase knowledge to reading among 40 year 4 monolingual English speaking children and Bengali speakers with EAL. Multiple regression analysis showed that multi-word task performance accounted for a significant amount of variance in reading scores, when controlling for non-verbal intelligence, receptive and expressive single word vocabulary and language background. These findings are of import for increasing our understanding of vocabulary development among young learners and provide insight into the particular needs of learners with EAL.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although malaria remains a major public health concern, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, little information exists on the physiological tolerances of malaria vectors. Here, I aimed to provide a comprehensive set of physiological tolerances for Anopheles arabiensis and An. funestus, by investigating thermal tolerance traits of adults, larvae and pupae; desiccation resistance of adults and development rate-temperature relationships for both vectors. Critical thermal limit (CT) and desiccation data showed significant effects of increasing adult age on reducing tolerance to temperature or dry conditions. Females of both species were more tolerant of high or low temperatures in CT experiments and were more desiccation tolerant than males in desiccation trials. Anopheles funestus was more desiccation tolerant than An. arabiensis, despite the common misconception that An. arabiensis is the more arid-adapted of the two species. Comparisons between thermal tolerance traits of adult laboratory and wild strain progeny of both species indicated a high degree of similarity between critical thermal limits in wild and laboratory strains, suggesting that the use of laboratory populations of both mosquito strains can provide an accurate estimate of wild population responses to thermal change. Lethal temperature estimates for both vectors indicated a higher tolerance to high temperature in An. arabiensis larvae and pupae when compared with An. funestus, and a greater tolerance of high or low temperatures in adult females when compared with adult males. Species differences between the vectors were further highlighted in development rate-temperature experiments. Under fluctuating and constant temperatures, An. arabiensis developed significantly faster than An. funestus and had higher survival to the adult stage. Under fluctuating temperatures, An. arabiensis developed faster or no different to constant temperatures, while survival under fluctuating temperatures was also comparable to constant temperature estimates. This faster development rate of this species is likely a consequence of the puddle-breeding nature of An. arabiensis and the need to develop to adulthood before evaporation of breeding sites. Anopheles funestus on the other hand, showed reduced survival and development under fluctuating temperatures when compared with constant temperatures, probably as a result of the more thermally stable breeding sites usually used by this species. Distribution data of these species, combined with developmental parameters in a process-based distribution model, suggests that both species will show range changes in response to climate change. Areas where these species were previously only present on a seasonal basis might become more suitable for vector population establishment and persistence, while areas on the northern margins of current distributions will become less favourable, leading to an overall southerly shift in habitat suitability for both species. Increases in temperature and changes in rainfall patterns as predicted to occur with climate change are likely to impact the distribution of both malaria vectors. Combining the physiological tolerance data collected in this thesis in a future, planned mechanistic distribution model, will provide an accurate indication of potential range shifts of these vectors and hence, provide an indication of areas that may be at increased risk of malaria. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alhoewel malaria „n groot publieke gesondheidskwelling bly, veral in sub-Sahara Afrika, bestaan min inligting rakende die fisiologiese toleransies van malaria vektore. Hier het ek gepoog om 'n omvattende reeks van fisiologiese toleransies te voorsien vir Anopheles arabiensis en An. funestus, deur termiese verdraagsaamheidseienskappe, uitdrogingsweerstand en ontwikkelingstempo-temperatuur verhoudings vir beide vektore te ondersoek. Kritiese termiese limiet (CT) en uitdroging data het beduidende uitwerkings getoon van toenemende ouderdom op die vermindering van verdraagsaamheid teenoor temperatuur of droë toestande. Wyfies van beide spesies was meer verdraagsaam vir hoë of lae temperature in CT eksperimente en was meer verdraagsaam teenoor uitdroging as mannetjies in die uitdrogingsproewe. Anopheles funestus was meer verdraagsaam teenoor uitdroging as An. arabiensis, ten spyte van die algemene wanopvatting dat An. arabiensis die meer ariede aangepaste van die twee spesies is. Vergelykings tussen termiese verdraagsaamheidseienskappe van laboratorium-en wilde stamlyn nageslagte van beide spesies het 'n hoë mate van ooreenkoms tussen kritieke termiese limiete in wilde en laboratorium stamlyne aangedui, wat voorstel dat die gebruik van laboratorium bevolkings van beide muskiet stamlyne 'n akkurate skatting kan gee van wilde bevolkingsreaksies tot termiese verandering. Fatale temperatuur beramings vir beide vektore het „n hoër toleransie getoon by hoë temperature in An. arabiensis larwes en papies wanneer dit vergelyk word met An. funestus, en 'n groter verdraagsaamheid van hoë of lae temperature in wyfies, wanneer vergelyk word met mannetjies. Spesies verskille tussen die vektore is verder uitgelig in die ontwikkelingstempo-temperatuur eksperimente. Onder wisselende en konstante temperature ontwikkel An. arabiensis aansienlik vinniger as An. funestus en het hoër oorlewing tot die volwasse stadium getoon. Onder wisselende temperature ontwikkel An. arabiensis vinniger of met geen verskil van konstante temperature nie, terwyl oorlewing onder wisselende temperature ook vergelykbaar was met konstante temperatuur beramings. Die vinniger tempo van hierdie spesie is waarskynlik 'n gevolg van die poel-broeiende aard van An. arabiensis en die behoefte om tot volwassenheid te ontwikkel voor die verdamping van broeiplekke. Anopheles funestus aan die ander kant, het verminderde oorlewing en ontwikkeling onder wisselende temperature gewys wanneer dit vergelyk word met konstante temperature, waarskynlik as gevolg van die meer termies stabiele broeiplekke wat gewoonlik gebruik word deur hierdie spesie. Verspreidingsdata van hierdie spesies, gekombineer met ontwikkelings-parameters in 'n proses-gebaseerde verspreidingsmodel, dui daarop dat beide spesies reeks veranderinge sal wys in reaksie tot klimaatsverandering. Gebiede waar hierdie spesies voorheen slegs teenwoordig was op 'n seisoenale basis, mag dalk meer geskik word vir vektor bevolkingsvestiging en volharding, terwyl areas op die noordelike grense van die huidige verspreidings minder gunstig sal word, wat sal lei tot algehele suidelike verskuiwing in die habitat geskiktheid vir beide spesies. Toenames in temperatuur en veranderinge in reënvalpatrone, soos voorspel word om voor te kom met verandering van die klimaat, sal waarskynlik die verspreiding van malaria vektore beïnvloed. Deur die fisiologiese toleransie data, versamel in hierdie tesis, te kombineer met 'n toekoms, beplande meganistiese verspreidingsmodel, sal dit 'n akkurate aanduiding gee van die potensiële verspreidingsverskuiwings van hierdie vektore en dus 'n aanduiding gee van gebiede wat onder verhoogde risiko van malaria sal wees.

Dans cette thèse expérimentale sur la physique des mousses liquides, plusieurs thématiques sont abordées ayant pour point commun la mise en évidence du couplage entre les différentes échelles d'organisation de la mousse. La première partie traite plus spécifiquement de physico chimie par la modification de la formulation des solutions utilisées. Nous avons ainsi réalisé des mousses dopées à la laponite, présentant des propriétés inhabituelles. Nous exposons par ailleurs les résultats d'études interfaciales d'un polymère thermosensible, le poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) et d'un tensioactif photosensible (AzoTAB). Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, nous discutons d'un nouveau protocole de rhéologie appliqué aux mousses ainsi que de propriétés acoustiques de ce matériau.

Cette thèse a pour objet l'optimisation des temps de recherche lors d'une poursuite aléatoire. Cette thèse commence par un modèle simple et idéalisé de recherche par des animaux de cible caché. Ce modèle nous a fourni une relation en lois de puissance entre les temps passés dans chaque état (recherche et déplacement) qui s'accorde bien avec les résultats expérimentaux. Puis, nous avons étudié de façon systématique des modèles intermittents avec mémoire à une dimension du même type que celui utilisé pour les animaux. Cette étude permet de mieux cerner l'intérêt des processus intermittents selon le type de recherche à effectuer. Ensuite, nous avons examiné les processus de recherche intermittents sans mémoire dans le cadre de la réactivité chimique. Nous avons ainsi envisagé deux modèles de recherche intermittente sans mémoire à une dimension. Puis, nous nous sommes intéressé à l'influence d'un confinement géométrique sur les temps de résidence et les propriétés de rencontre entre les partenaires d'une réaction chimique. Nous avons alors montré que les relations géométriques précédemment obtenues pour des marches de Pearson dans des domaines fermés, sont des cas particuliers de relations très générales entre les temps de résidence pour une large classe de processus stochastiques. Enfin, nous avons étudié un processus de recherche intermittent alternant diffusion et téléportation pour un système sphérique continu à d dimensions et un réseau régulier. Les exemples d'application sont le transport à travers des membranes biologiques et la catalyse hétérogène. Nous avons alors montré que l'intermittence pouvait permettre de réduire considérablement le temps de recherche si la nature physique du chercheur et de son environnement rend possible de réaliser une alternance entre ces deux régimes.

In this dissertation I argue for using John Dewey's scholarship in ethics, progressive education, and public discourse as a framework for teaching rhetoric for civic engagement. By "civic engagement" I mean working to discover, address, or confront issues of public importance through discourse. In the first part I establish Dewey as a point of reference for progressive revisions of curriculum in rhetoric at the undergraduate level. Using data gathered from a sample of undergraduate institutions, I argue for an increase in courses that reflect classical interests in performance of argument and critical analysis of text as essential skills for civic engagement. In the second part I describe what such revisions may look like as we consider teaching argument as a back and forth process, deliberation as a key component of rhetorical literacy, and critical analysis of literature as an aid to civic imagination. This dissertation contributes to the continuing interest in the way rhetorical education can help students develop transferable skills, attitudes, and interests that will make them effective and ethical agents in their professional and civic lives.

The landscape of cancer care is evolving and as a result nursing care continues to develop and respond to the changing needs of oncology patients and their families. There is a paucity of qualitative research examining the experience of being an oncology nurse on an inpatient unit. Therefore, a qualitative study using an interpretive phenomenological approach has been undertaken to discover the lived experience of being an oncology nurse. In-depth tape recorded interviews has been conducted with six oncology nurses who worked on two adult inpatient oncology units. Van Manen’s (1990) interpretive phenomenological approach has been used to analyze the data by subjecting the transcripts to an analysis both line by line and as a whole. The overarching theme of the interviews is: Investing to Make a Difference. The themes that reflect this overarching theme are: Caring for the Whole Person, Being an Advocate, Walking a Fine Line, and Feeling Like You are Part of Something Good. Oncology nurses provide care for their patients through a holistic lens that further enhances how they come to know their patients. Over time, relationships with patients and families develop and these nurses share that balancing the emotional aspects of their work is key in being able to continue to invest in their work and in these relationships. Their investment is further evident as oncology nurses continuously update their knowledge, for example, of treatment regimes, medication protocols, and as they champion their patients wishes and needs. As nurses develop their own identities as oncology nurses, they in turn enhance the team with their emerging skill and knowledge. These research findings serve to acknowledge the meaning of oncology nurses’ work and inform the profession’s understanding of what it means to be an oncology nurse.

This is a sociological ethnography of nine people with dementia living in a private nursing home in central Scotland. It seeks to find an alternative way to view people in this situation, in a field that has been dominated by the medical modeL. By placing the people before the disease of dementia, they can be studied within the same framework as any people. For this study this framework is everyday life sociology with a focus on symbolic interactionism, ethnomethodology and dramaturgy. Additionally, by gaining the subjective perspective, we can get close to understanding meaning for these people. The ethnographic methods I use consist of participant observation and interviews. For analysis I employ NUDIST to structure the data and the thesis. The settng, Lavender Wing of Deer View Grange Nursing Home, provides context for the study. This is a culture of surveillance and routines, which can be restrictive, infantilizing and disabling for residents. Despite this culture research findings are of socially active participants. By examining relationships through an interactional framework three thematic areas developed concerned with emotions, interactions and classification. These thematic spheres demonstrate the emotional self, the interactional self and the generalized self of research informants. The emotional is concerned with the most inner and intimate self, often engaging in backstage intimacies and in thought. Significant others share with the interactional self, in frontstage performances, which are more ritualistic. The generalized self interacts with the generalized other, most often consisting of everyone in Lavender Wing and is concerned with classification and boundarydefinition. Within these spheres the described relationships are fluid and change according to the situation, and how participating actors define it. To engage in intimacies, rituals and form, and to shift between them requires social competence and active participation. People in this study demonstrate these. Despite restrictions they offer resistance to the environment and to dementia. They often make profound and metaphorical statements, to which this ethnography gives voice. Keywords Everyday life; interaction; nursing home culture; people with dementia; resistance; self and others; social competence; surveillance.