Submitted by Kelson (kelson@ucb.br) on 2016-08-04T14:49:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreZancanaroQueirozDissertacao2015.pdf: 1262785 bytes, checksum: 5db43dcff2e69f5699916f3d7041ab19 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T14:49:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreZancanaroQueirozDissertacao2015.pdf: 1262785 bytes, checksum: 5db43dcff2e69f5699916f3d7041ab19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-17 / The present work aims to describe the reasons to institute distinctly unconstitutional laws to increase taxes under an interdisciplinary perspective. The choice of Behaviorist Analisys of Law and, subsidiary, microeconomics perspectives was made because the traditional method of the Science of Law has limitations, searching to elaborate interpretations of the Law and conclude the validity of rules and lawfulness of legal facts, without explaining the reasons of effectiveness of rules or to disobey the law. It is assumed that the investigated phenomenon is a behavior practiced by political authorities, liable to a behaviorist investigation, which occurs in response to motivations under a context, being selected by contingencies. Politics may be comprehended as a market, regulated by rules presented in the Constitution, enforced by the Judiciary. Politicians need, as main objective, to obtain votes to be elected to elective offices. The increase of governmental expenses allows the adoption of popular rules and public policies. Otherwise, the increase of taxes is unpopular. To the legislators, more susceptible of electoral pressure, was designated the function to elevate taxes. The Executive branch has to logroll with parliamentarians to approve laws that increase taxes and enable the increase of public expenses. The increase of taxes by unconstitutional rules occurs when the cost of logrolling to approve a law that follows the Constitution is higher than the political costs and the cost to bear the sanctions to the illicit investigated behavior / institui????o, por lei ou por atos normativos editados pelo Executivo, de tributos manifestamente inconstitucionais. A escolha da An??lise Comportamental do Direito e, subsidiariamente, da microeconomia enquanto referenciais te??ricos para a elabora????o do trabalho ocorre em raz??o de limita????es da metodologia da Ci??ncia do Direito, que busca apresentar interpreta????es do texto legal, inferir a validade de normas jur??dicas e a licitude de atos e fatos jur??dicos, sem apresentar motivos para a efic??cia de normas ou descrever raz??es para a edi????o de normas inconstitucionais e atos il??citos. Assume-se que o fen??meno investigado pode ser entendido como um comportamento realizado pelas autoridades pol??ticas, pass??vel de investiga????o pela An??lise Comportamental, que ocorre em raz??o de uma motiva????o em determinados contextos, e ?? selecionado por conting??ncias. A pol??tica pode ser compreendida enquanto um mercado, regido pelas regras definidas pela Constitui????o aplicadas, em ??ltima inst??ncia, pelo Judici??rio. Os pol??ticos possuem como objetivo principal obter votos dos eleitores para serem eleitos a cargos eletivos. O aumento de gastos p??blicos possibilita a ado????o de leis e pol??ticas p??blicas com capacidade de receber votos, enquanto a eleva????o de tributos ?? medida impopular. Aos membros do Legislativo, mais suscet??veis a press??es por parte dos eleitores, foi conferida a prerrogativa de elevar tributos. Quando o Executivo precisa elevar a carga tribut??ria, precisa barganhar a aprova????o de leis com o Legislativo. A eleva????o de tributos por atos normativos manifestamente inconstitucionais ocorre quando os custos pol??ticos e eleitorais de barganha para seguir as regras previstas na Constitui????o para a majora????o da carga tribut??ria s??o superiores ao custo pol??tico e o custo de suportar as puni????es decorrentes de realizar o comportamento investigado

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcela Fileti.pdf: 341605 bytes, checksum: 22b6ac71b02c0368db63564346f9cb49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-26 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / Cancer is among the most important causes of death in Brazil and around the world. The most common type to origin death in women is the breast cancer. This study intended to analyze the possible contingences that people with breast cancer were exposed before the beginning of the disease in order to understand the relationship between the behavior and development of cancer. Participated of this study four women with primary diagnosis of breast neoplasm, without history breast cancer in their family (mother and/or sister), age between 40 and 51, that have had children and with medical following in an Oncology s Ambulatory of a general hospital. The theory selected was the Behavior Analysis, based on Radical Behaviorism Philosophy. Considering the data obtained by the relates of the participants during the clinical interview, it was done the analysis of behaviors that presented relevant in previous period of the disease establishment, that had variation of 4 to 8 years depending on the medical diagnosis to each participant. The results indicated that there is a common behavior style of social reinforce strong rules, behaviors maintained by negative reinforcement, lack of repertory to identify the uncovered behaviors and their aversive consequences and absence of selfknowledge. The exposition on aversive events and the reduced repertory of escape s behavior suggest a poor repertory in order to work with aversive life events, that would contribute to an organism s vulnerability and possible development of neoplasm. The results may suggest that behavioral standard maybe have link with the development of diseases like the breast cancer. Other surveys in Analysis of Behavior area relating contingences and diseases must be conduced. / O c?ncer figura entre as principais causas de morte no Brasil e no mundo. O tipo mais comum a provocar mortes em mulheres ? o c?ncer de mama. Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar as prov?veis conting?ncias a que pessoas portadoras de c?ncer de mama estiveram expostas antes do in?cio da doen?a, a fim de compreender a rela??o entre o comportamento e o desenvolvimento do c?ncer. Participaram do estudo 4 mulheres com diagn?stico prim?rio de neoplasia maligna de mama, sem hist?ria da doen?a na fam?lia (m?e e/ou irm?), com idade entre 40 e 51 anos, com filhos, que encontravam-se em acompanhamento m?dico em um ambulat?rio de oncologia de um hospital geral. A abordagem te?rica selecionada foi a An?lise do Comportamento, baseada na filosofia do Behaviorismo Radical. Por meio dos dados obtidos pelos relatos das participantes durante a entrevista cl?nica, fez-se a an?lise dos comportamentos que se mostraram relevantes na ?poca anterior ao in?cio da doen?a, que variou de 4 a 8 anos dependendo do diagn?stico m?dico para cada participante. Os resultados indicaram um padr?o comportamental comum de presen?a de auto-regras r?gidas refor?adas socialmente, comportamentos mantidos por refor?amento negativo, falta de repert?rio para identifica??o de comportamentos encobertos e as conseq??ncias aversivas desses comportamentos, aus?ncia de autoconhecimento. A exposi??o aos eventos aversivos e o baixo repert?rio de comportamentos de fuga sugerem um pobre repert?rio para lidar com eventos aversivos de vida, o que colaboraria para a vulnerabilidade do organismo e poss?vel desenvolvimento da neoplasia. Os resultados permitem sugerir que padr?es comportamentais possivelmente relacionamse com o desenvolvimento de doen?as como o c?ncer de mama. Outras pesquisas na ?rea da An?lise do Comportamento relacionando conting?ncias e doen?as devem ser conduzidas.