Invasive exotic plant species have been recognized as serious threats to ecosystems. Extensive research on invasive exotic plant species has primarily focused on the impacts, characteristics, and potential treatments. Decision tools and management models that incorporate these findings often lack input from managers and have limited use in differing invasion scenarios. Therefore, in this study, I created a scientifically-driven framework that incorporates expert input to prioritize watersheds for management within the Inner Bluegrass region of Kentucky. The widely distributed invasive exotic plant Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) was used as an example species. The framework is built around the Analytic Hierarchy Process and highlights areas in most need of invasive exotic plant management by incorporating weighted landscape variables associated with the invasion process. Results of the prioritization provide useful information for natural resource managers by aiding in the development of control strategies while also creating a valuable framework that can be adapted to various invasive exotic plant species.

This research looks at some issues confronting community forestry in Nepal. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to analyze the issues confronting community forestry in mid hills region of Nepal. Results indicate that experts as well as local community users think positive aspects of community forestry to be more important than its negative aspects. In addition, through the comparison of three forest types, Alnus nepalensis found to be the most important forest type for conservation and Schima-Castanopsis to be the most important forest type for local benefits. Similarly, results also indicate that increase in carbon prices lengthen an optimal rotation age. Also, Land Expectation Value (LEV) increases substantially with the increase in carbon prices.

Logistics outsourcing has been applied in practices by enterprises for decades, but its efficiency is always restricted because logistics service providers (LSPs) often only have a single function such as delivery or warehousing. In the last few years, LSPs have upgraded their capabilities to support some other logistics services including value-added services, materials management, information-related services etc. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the differences between self-built logistics system and outsourcing logistics system by using the Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats (SWOT) strategic analysis; and figure out how to apply the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to make an appropriate selection among LSPs that based on the single-case study of Gevalia. Both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used in this study, authors expect to describe and explore the application of AHP approach regarding to the case company which implements outsourcing logistics system. Accordingly, it could be a good idea for case company to implement the mixed mode of self-built and outsourcing logistics system after using the SWOT strategic analysis. In addition, the production and logistics manager of case company emphasized that the five selection criteria including “compatibility”, “delivery performance”, “location”, “management” and “cost” should be considered as a priority among other different criterion when he selected a LSP. As a result, it will be efficient and effective for us to simulate a best decision for those industrial manufacturing enterprises to achieve a path regarding to the selection of the best logistics partner that based on the significant AHP approach.

Sustainable transport is now a popular goal of transport planning. As with any aspiration, systems and mechanisms are required to assess and gauge success in achieving this policy goal. There is increasing reliance on sustainable transport indicators as appropriate tools for this purpose. The usefulness and credibility of any indicator-based assessment will undoubtedly depend on the specific indicators utilised. As such, indicators must be selected carefully to maximise their contribution to the sustainable transport decision making process. A review of current applications of sustainable transport indicators has revealed however, that they are typically selected in an ad hoc and arbitrary fashion. Development of a framework that facilitates transparent and systematic indicator selection would therefore represent a significant advance in transport research. In that regard, this thesis presents the Evaluative and Logical Approach to Sustainable Transport Indicator Compilation (ELASTIC), a methodological framework which provides a flexible, participatory and systematic mechanism for identifying and selecting key sustainable transport indicators. The output of ELASTIC is the Transport Sustainability Profile (TSP), a small un-aggregated suite of sustainable transport indicators which together can provide a snapshot of the sustainability of a transport system. Using various multi-criteria and statistical techniques, ELASTIC applies a robust process to evaluate and select indicators based on their analytical soundness and their relevance to key objectives of sustainable transport. A generic and transferable tool, ELASTIC is capable of application at different geographical scales as well as to non-transport sustainability assessment. For the purpose of this research, the framework is demonstrated through application to England, UK where the judgements of relevant Academics and Transport Planners are elicited and entered into the ELASTIC framework to systematically select a subset of 15 indicators from an initial set of 200. By disaggregating the sample of stakeholders into regional groupings, different context-specific suites of indicators for the regional groupings were also derived. The demonstration confirms ELASTIC to be an inclusive and practical approach to compiling a suite of sustainable transport indicators specific to context and which reflects the unique values of key stakeholders.

高中職階段為青春期後期是身體生長發育的快速期，然因種種改變而增加外食消費的機會，本研究以影響高中職學生外食消費行為作為研究主題，希望能進一步了解學生在選購食品的考量因素，作為後續相關研究的參考。 本研究首先參考大量與飲食及消費相關之文獻，分析了解研究主題後採用AHP層級分析法作為本研究的研究方法，之後依據文獻整理歸納出影響飲食、消費的相關因素藉此規劃專家問卷題項之方向，透過德菲爾法專家訪談建構出影響高中職學生外食消費選擇因素的層級架構，進一步設計以層級分析法的成對比較式問卷，並選定中部某校高中職學生為研究對象，隨機抽樣各班3名填寫問卷施測90份，待回收問卷後依層級分析法計算分析整理結果，並進行各因素間的權重分析，而建立整體影響因素之層級權重。 本研究建立影響高中職學生外食消費評選因素的權重關係，對於培養良好飲食行為增進健康方面有重要參考價值，並可作為之後家長、衛生單位、教育單位擬定相關政策及教學之參考依據，甚而作為更多擴充研究的基礎。 / High school is a rapid growing period for adolescences. However, they are having more and more opportunities to eat outside due to some living style changes. This study aims to examine the consumer behaviors of eating out in high school student. The researcher plans to study the criteria for choosing food of high school students and the reasons behind it. This study can provide a comprehensive reference for future studies. This study starts with a massive among of literature review related to diet and consumer behavior. After thoroughly studied the literature, the researcher adopts Analytic Hierarchy Process Theory (AHP) as the research method. Based on the literature review, the questionnaire for professionals was generated according to the direction of diet and consumer behavior. By using Delphi interview, the construction of high school students eating out behavior was established. Based on the results, another paired-comparison questionnaire was generated by using the analytic hierarchy process. The participants were recruited from random sample in a high school in middle Taiwan. Three students were recruited to complete this questionnaire and ninety participates were interviewed for this study. The result was analyzed by using the analytic hierarchy process. The factors were weighted and the hierarchical weight was established. This study established the weighted eating out evaluation criteria for high school students. It is beneficial for developing good diet behavior and facilitating personal health. It can also provide invaluable reference for parents, government agencies and schools for developing related policies. Future studies can also be beneficial from this study. / 論文指導教授推薦書 i 論文口試委員審定書 ii 誌謝 iii 中文摘要 iv 英文摘要 ix 目錄 vi 圖目錄 viii 表目錄 ix 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景和研究動機 1 1.2 研究目的 3 1.3 研究範圍和限制 3 1.4 研究流程 3 第二章 文獻探討 6 2.1飲食、消費相關教學目標 6 2.1.1國民中小學九年一貫課程綱要健康與體育學習領域 6 2.1.2高中健康與護理課程綱要 8 2.1.3高中生活領域-家政課程綱要 9 2.2飲食習慣與飲食行為 10 2.2.1 青少年飲食狀況 10 2.2.2 飲食的影響因素 11 2.2.3 營養知識及健康態度 13 2.3消費行為 14 2.3.1 消費行為理論 14 2.3.2 消費知識行為影響因素 18 2.4德菲爾法 21 2.4.1 德菲爾法的特性 22 2.4.2 德菲爾法的優點與限制 23 2.5 層級分析法 25 2.5.1 AHP層級分析理論和應用 25 2.5.2 AHP層級分析法之層級架構 27 2.5.3 應用AHP的處理程序 28 第三章 研究方法 35 3.1 研究架構程序 35 3.2 評選準則之建立 35 3.2.1專家訪談 35 3.2.2專家訪談整理 37 3.2.3專家前測問卷 46 3.3問卷設計與研究對象 48 3.3.1研究架構的分析與建立 48 3.3.2問卷設計及施測 49 3.3.3 各層級間因素權重的計算 50 3.3.4一致性檢定 51 第四章 實證結果 53 4.1評選因子層級架構形成分析 53 4.2受測者特性及經驗分析 55 4.3 問卷分析 57 4.3.1 評選高中職學生外食消費選擇因素之主要準則重要性分析 58 4.3.2 評選高中職學生外食消費選擇因素之次要準則重要性分析 59 4.3.3 評選高中職學生外食消費選擇因素之綜合分析 64 第五章 結論與建議 67 5.1結論 67 5.2研究建議 68 5.2後續研究建議 68 參考文獻 70 附錄一 評選因子專家開放式問卷 74 附錄二 評選因子專家前測問卷 78 附錄三 AHP問卷 82

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SaraDLP.pdf: 538708 bytes, checksum: ad7d4fbb39d43f6d22151b72748a78da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-27 / The objective of this dissertation is to propose a Multi Criteria Decision Aid Model to be used by the costumers of the travel agencies and help them to choose the best package travel. The main objective is to contribute for the simplification of the travel package decision choice from the identification of the models of values and preference of the customers and applying them to the existing package. It is used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to structuralize a decision hierarchic model composed by six criteria (package cost, hotel category, security of the city, travel time, direct flight and position in ranking of the 10 most visited destination) and five real alternatives of packages for a holiday of three days created from travel agency data. The decision analysis was realized for the choice of a travel package by a group composed by two couples that regularly travels together, to which was asked to do a pairwise judgment of the criteria and the alternatives. The mains results show that, although been a group that travels together, there are different models of values in the weights of the criteria and a certain convergence in the scales of preferences of the alternatives in the criteria. It was not pointed a dominant alternative for all the members of the group separately, but an analysis of a total utility of the group shows a classification and an order of the travel packages and an alternative clearly in front of the others. The sensitivity analysis revels that there are changes in the ranking, but the two alternatives best classified in the normal analysis are the same ones in the sensitivity analysis, although with the positions changed. The analysis also led to a simplification of the process with the exclusion of alternatives dominated for the others ones. As main conclusion, it is evaluated that the model and method suggested allow a simplification of the decision process in the choice of travel packages / O objetivo deste trabalho ? realizar uma modelagem de an?lise de decis?o multicriterial para apoio na decis?o para escolha de pacote de viagem por clientes das ag?ncias de turismos. O objetivo central ? contribuir na simplifica??o da decis?o da escolha de pacotes de viagens a partir da identifica??o dos modelos de valores e prefer?ncias dos clientes e aplic?-los em seguida aos pacotes existentes. ? utilizado o m?todo do Processo de Hierarquia Anal?tica (AHP Analytic Hierarchy Process) para estruturar um modelo hier?rquico de decis?o composto por seis crit?rios (custo do pacote, categoria do hotel, seguran?a da cidade, tempo de viagem, v?o direto, posi??o no ranking dos 10 mais destinos) e cinco alternativas reais de pacotes para fim de semana prolongado criadas a partir de dados de ag?ncia de viagens. A an?lise de decis?o foi realizada para a escolha do pacote por um grupo composto por dois casais que viajam regularmente juntos, aos quais foi solicitado que fizessem o julgamento par a par dos crit?rios e das alternativas. Os principais resultados revelam que, embora seja um grupo que viaja junto, h? diferentes modelos de valores nos pesos dos crit?rios e certa converg?ncia nas escalas de prefer?ncias das alternativas nos crit?rios. N?o houve uma alternativa dominante para todos os membros do grupo isoladamente, mas em uma an?lise de uma utilidade total do grupo h? uma classifica??o e ordenamento dos pacotes e uma alternativa claramente ? frente das demais. A an?lise de sensibilidade mostra que h? mudan?as nesse quadro, mas as duas mais bem classificadas na an?lise normal s?o as mesmas com a an?lise de sensibilidade, embora com mudan?a de posi??o. A an?lise levou tamb?m a simplificar o processo com a exclus?o de alternativas dominadas por todas as demais. Como principal conclus?o, avaliase que a modelagem e m?todo sugerido permitem uma simplifica??o do processo de decis?o na escolha de pacotes de viagens

A Reserva Biológica (REBIO) de São Donato é uma Unidade de Conservação localizada na fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, no trecho médio da bacia do rio Uruguai, no bioma Pampa. A área da REBIO é constituída por uma área úmida – banhado – característico do Pampa. Entretanto, desde o seu decreto em 1975, o banhado vem sofrendo impactos da rizicultura, essa região é a maior produtora do estado. Assim, o objetivo geral dessa dissertação é analisar a dinâmica e a fragilidade ambiental da Reserva Biológica de São Donato, a partir de geoprocessamento. Para atingir esse objetivo foram utilizados: dados de precipitação diários e imagens orbitais, de 1984 a 2016, que indicassem inundação no banhado e sua sub-região hidrográfica; reconhecimento de campo; análise de uso e cobertura do solo do raio de amortecimento da REBIO; análise da fragilidade ambiental a partir da metodologia do Processo Analítico Hierárquico (AHP). Os resultados de análise da inundação do banhado e sua sub-região hidrográfica indicaram três padrões: um padrão regional, que afeta grande parte do trecho médio e alto da bacia do rio Uruguai; um padrão de inundação sub-regional, que compreende a sub-região hidrográfica dos rios Butuí-Icamaquã; um padrão que afeta a área local que compreende o banhado da REBIO de São Donato. As análises do uso e cobertura do solo e da fragilidade ambiental indicaram que as áreas mais frágeis da REBIO correspondem ao banhado e sua vegetação adaptada a umidade, e áreas de planícies de inundação. A avaliação do AHP para a análise da Fragilidade Ambiental se mostrou coesa, confirmando observações realizadas principalmente com relação ao impacto ambiental gerado pelo cultivo de arroz. Espera-se que as informações possam contribuir para estudos futuros de planejamento e gestão da área, e como base para a elaboração do Plano de Manejo da REBIO de São Donato. / The San Donato Biological Reserve (REBIO) is a Conservation Unit located on the western border of Rio Grande do Sul, in the middle stretch of the Uruguay River basin, in the Pampa biome. The area of the REBIO is constituted by a wetland - marsh - characteristic of the Pampa. However, since its decree in 1975, the marsh has been suffering from the impacts of rice cultivation, this region is the largest in the state. Thus, the general objective of this dissertation is to analyze the dynamics and environmental fragility of the San Donato Biological Reserve, based on geoprocessing. To achieve this objective, daily precipitation data and orbital images from 1984 to 2016 were used to indicate flooding in the marsh and its sub-river basin; Field recognition; Use analysis and soil cover of the REBIO Damping Ray; Analysis of the environmental fragility from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. The results of flood analysis of the marsh and its hydrographic sub-region indicated three patterns: a regional pattern, which affects much of the middle and upper reaches of the Uruguay River basin; A subregional flood pattern comprising the sub-river basin of the Butuí-Icamaquã rivers; A pattern that affects the local area comprising the marsh of San Donato Biological Reserve. The analyzes of soil use and cover and environmental fragility indicated that the most fragile areas of REBIO correspond to the wetland and its vegetation adapted to humidity and floodplain areas. The evaluation of the AHP for the analysis of the Environmental Fragility showed to be cohesive, confirming observations made mainly in relation to the environmental impact generated by rice cultivation. It is hoped that the information may contribute to future planning and management studies of the area, and as a basis for the elaboration of the São Donato REBIO Management Plan.

É consenso entre estudiosos e práticos que a Logística desempenha um importante papel na integração da Cadeia de Suprimento dos mercados. Num ambiente cada vez mais competitivo, as organizações procuram práticas de negócios e soluções que possam ajudá-las na busca pelo sucesso. Uma dessas práticas é a terceirização das funções logísticas, através da contratação de empresas especializadas, de forma que as organizações contratantes possam se concentrar no foco do seu negócio, aumentando sua eficiência, melhorando a utilização dos recursos, reduzindo os custos de transporte, reestruturando sua cadeia de suprimentos e aumentando sua lucratividade. Nesse cenário, onde a crescente participação dos prestadores de serviços logísticos (ou, PSLs) torna-se fator estratégico para o crescimento das organizações através de alianças cada vez mais complexas, surge a necessidade de mecanismos de avaliação de desempenho que, efetivamente, reflitam a integração e a flexibilidade dos recursos envolvidos. Assim, o presente estudo se propôs a desenvolver um modelo de avaliação de desempenho de PSLs, através da metodologia da Pesquisa Operacional, apoiado pelo método AHP. A empresa escolhida para a aplicação do modelo foi a MWM International Motores – MIM – e o modelo foi aplicado no processo de transporte nacional que atende o mercado de reposição de peças. Foram avaliados 5 PSLs, através de 3 critérios e 13 atributos, qualitativos e quantitativos. Como principais resultados, verificou-se que a sistemática adotada foi aderente ao ambiente analisado, auxiliando no processo de avaliação e permitindo que a empresa possa estimular seus prestadores de serviços logísticos a melhorar seus processos e o produto destes processos – o próprio serviço prestado, traçando, juntamente com os seus parceiros, um plano de melhoria contínua que vise alcançar resultados melhores para a ambas empresas. / There is consensus among scholars and practitioners that Logistics plays an important role in the integration of the market’s Supply Chain. In an increasingly competitive environment, organizations seek solutions and business practices that can help them in their quest for success. One such practice is the outsourcing of logistics operations through the recruitment of specialized firms, so that the contracting organizations can focus on their business, increasing efficiency, improving resource utilization, reducing transportation costs, restructuring their supply chain and increasing their profitability. In this scenario, where the increasing participation of logistics service providers, known as 3PL (third-party logistics providers) becomes a strategic factor for the growth of organizations through increasingly complex alliances, a need arises for performance evaluation mechanisms that effectively reflect the integration and flexibility of the involved resources. Thus, the present study aims to develop a model to evaluate the performance of 3PLs using the methodology of operational research, supported by the AHP method. The company chosen to implement the model was MWM International Motores (MIM) and the model was applied in the national transport of the spare parts process. There were 5 LSPs evaluated using 3 criteria and 13 attributes, both qualitative and quantitative. The main results showed that the adopted system was considered adherent to the environment, assisting in the evaluation process, and allowing the company to encourage its 3PLs to improve their processes and products - the very service provided, mapping, together with its partners, a plan for continuous improvement aimed at achieving better results for both companies.

A Reserva Biológica (REBIO) de São Donato é uma Unidade de Conservação localizada na fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, no trecho médio da bacia do rio Uruguai, no bioma Pampa. A área da REBIO é constituída por uma área úmida – banhado – característico do Pampa. Entretanto, desde o seu decreto em 1975, o banhado vem sofrendo impactos da rizicultura, essa região é a maior produtora do estado. Assim, o objetivo geral dessa dissertação é analisar a dinâmica e a fragilidade ambiental da Reserva Biológica de São Donato, a partir de geoprocessamento. Para atingir esse objetivo foram utilizados: dados de precipitação diários e imagens orbitais, de 1984 a 2016, que indicassem inundação no banhado e sua sub-região hidrográfica; reconhecimento de campo; análise de uso e cobertura do solo do raio de amortecimento da REBIO; análise da fragilidade ambiental a partir da metodologia do Processo Analítico Hierárquico (AHP). Os resultados de análise da inundação do banhado e sua sub-região hidrográfica indicaram três padrões: um padrão regional, que afeta grande parte do trecho médio e alto da bacia do rio Uruguai; um padrão de inundação sub-regional, que compreende a sub-região hidrográfica dos rios Butuí-Icamaquã; um padrão que afeta a área local que compreende o banhado da REBIO de São Donato. As análises do uso e cobertura do solo e da fragilidade ambiental indicaram que as áreas mais frágeis da REBIO correspondem ao banhado e sua vegetação adaptada a umidade, e áreas de planícies de inundação. A avaliação do AHP para a análise da Fragilidade Ambiental se mostrou coesa, confirmando observações realizadas principalmente com relação ao impacto ambiental gerado pelo cultivo de arroz. Espera-se que as informações possam contribuir para estudos futuros de planejamento e gestão da área, e como base para a elaboração do Plano de Manejo da REBIO de São Donato. / The San Donato Biological Reserve (REBIO) is a Conservation Unit located on the western border of Rio Grande do Sul, in the middle stretch of the Uruguay River basin, in the Pampa biome. The area of the REBIO is constituted by a wetland - marsh - characteristic of the Pampa. However, since its decree in 1975, the marsh has been suffering from the impacts of rice cultivation, this region is the largest in the state. Thus, the general objective of this dissertation is to analyze the dynamics and environmental fragility of the San Donato Biological Reserve, based on geoprocessing. To achieve this objective, daily precipitation data and orbital images from 1984 to 2016 were used to indicate flooding in the marsh and its sub-river basin; Field recognition; Use analysis and soil cover of the REBIO Damping Ray; Analysis of the environmental fragility from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. The results of flood analysis of the marsh and its hydrographic sub-region indicated three patterns: a regional pattern, which affects much of the middle and upper reaches of the Uruguay River basin; A subregional flood pattern comprising the sub-river basin of the Butuí-Icamaquã rivers; A pattern that affects the local area comprising the marsh of San Donato Biological Reserve. The analyzes of soil use and cover and environmental fragility indicated that the most fragile areas of REBIO correspond to the wetland and its vegetation adapted to humidity and floodplain areas. The evaluation of the AHP for the analysis of the Environmental Fragility showed to be cohesive, confirming observations made mainly in relation to the environmental impact generated by rice cultivation. It is hoped that the information may contribute to future planning and management studies of the area, and as a basis for the elaboration of the São Donato REBIO Management Plan.

É consenso entre estudiosos e práticos que a Logística desempenha um importante papel na integração da Cadeia de Suprimento dos mercados. Num ambiente cada vez mais competitivo, as organizações procuram práticas de negócios e soluções que possam ajudá-las na busca pelo sucesso. Uma dessas práticas é a terceirização das funções logísticas, através da contratação de empresas especializadas, de forma que as organizações contratantes possam se concentrar no foco do seu negócio, aumentando sua eficiência, melhorando a utilização dos recursos, reduzindo os custos de transporte, reestruturando sua cadeia de suprimentos e aumentando sua lucratividade. Nesse cenário, onde a crescente participação dos prestadores de serviços logísticos (ou, PSLs) torna-se fator estratégico para o crescimento das organizações através de alianças cada vez mais complexas, surge a necessidade de mecanismos de avaliação de desempenho que, efetivamente, reflitam a integração e a flexibilidade dos recursos envolvidos. Assim, o presente estudo se propôs a desenvolver um modelo de avaliação de desempenho de PSLs, através da metodologia da Pesquisa Operacional, apoiado pelo método AHP. A empresa escolhida para a aplicação do modelo foi a MWM International Motores – MIM – e o modelo foi aplicado no processo de transporte nacional que atende o mercado de reposição de peças. Foram avaliados 5 PSLs, através de 3 critérios e 13 atributos, qualitativos e quantitativos. Como principais resultados, verificou-se que a sistemática adotada foi aderente ao ambiente analisado, auxiliando no processo de avaliação e permitindo que a empresa possa estimular seus prestadores de serviços logísticos a melhorar seus processos e o produto destes processos – o próprio serviço prestado, traçando, juntamente com os seus parceiros, um plano de melhoria contínua que vise alcançar resultados melhores para a ambas empresas. / There is consensus among scholars and practitioners that Logistics plays an important role in the integration of the market’s Supply Chain. In an increasingly competitive environment, organizations seek solutions and business practices that can help them in their quest for success. One such practice is the outsourcing of logistics operations through the recruitment of specialized firms, so that the contracting organizations can focus on their business, increasing efficiency, improving resource utilization, reducing transportation costs, restructuring their supply chain and increasing their profitability. In this scenario, where the increasing participation of logistics service providers, known as 3PL (third-party logistics providers) becomes a strategic factor for the growth of organizations through increasingly complex alliances, a need arises for performance evaluation mechanisms that effectively reflect the integration and flexibility of the involved resources. Thus, the present study aims to develop a model to evaluate the performance of 3PLs using the methodology of operational research, supported by the AHP method. The company chosen to implement the model was MWM International Motores (MIM) and the model was applied in the national transport of the spare parts process. There were 5 LSPs evaluated using 3 criteria and 13 attributes, both qualitative and quantitative. The main results showed that the adopted system was considered adherent to the environment, assisting in the evaluation process, and allowing the company to encourage its 3PLs to improve their processes and products - the very service provided, mapping, together with its partners, a plan for continuous improvement aimed at achieving better results for both companies.