Orientadores: Paulo Martins Leal, Nilton Nelio Cometti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T08:12:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mary_Wellington_D.pdf: 1605348 bytes, checksum: a8e234dda57614d82e240a264ada7f6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O uso da tecnologia do cultivo protegido e hidroponia no Brasil para a produção de hortaliças e plantas ornamentais passou por diversas fases de adaptação, visando sempre a atender às necessidades de oferta e qualidade dos produtos com a preocupação de se minimizar os custos de produção e os efeitos negativos do clima. A grande maioria destas adaptações partiu da iniciativa dos próprios agricultores, utilizando-se de diferentes materiais e outros artifícios para contornar problemas do seu dia-a-dia. Com os objetivos de analisar o sistema construtivo de estrutura de bambu para utilização em casa de vegetação e testar diferentes sistemas de controle ambiental, visando à produção na entressafra do morangueiro. Foram realizados cinco experimentos na área do campo experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola/UNICAMP, no período compreendido entre Fevereiro de 2002 e Janeiro de 2004.No primeiro experimento testou-se o uso de vigas e colunas construídas com de colmos de bambu da espécie Bambusa tuldoides Munro. As vigas e colunas foram estruturadas com espaçadores de plástico, especificamente desenhados para facilitar e padronizar a construção, conferindo-lhe maior resistência e estabilidade. Foram avaliados três espaçamentos entre colunas (2,0; 2,5 e 3,0m) sob diferentes esforços de carga, dos quais o melhor resultado foi obtido com o espaçamento de 2,5m. Nos outros experimentos o objetivo foi estudar o controle ambiental aplicado ao cultivo do morangueiro para produção na entressafra no Estado de São Paulo, cultivado em sistema NFT e aeroponia sem e com zona de resfriamento. Foram avaliados: massa fresca de cada pseudofruto/planta e massa total de pseudofrutos/planta, número de pseudofrutos e de estolhos/planta. Utilizou-se as cultivares: Campinas; Sweet Charlie; Seascape; Oso Grande e Tudla. Também foi analisado o microclima gerado pelos sistemas aeropônicos A produtividade dos sistemas aeropônicos sem e com resfriamento foi inexpressiva, porém influenciaram sobre a temperatura da solução nutritiva e do microclima dentro das bancadas. Os tratamentos envolvendo o controle de fotoperíodo e vernalização promoveram a produção durante o período de entressafra / Abstract: The use of the hydroponic technology and the Brazilian horticulture and ornamental plants had many different phases of adaptation and always looking for the necessity to offer and the quality of the production with the concern to minimise the production cost. Also to at the negative effects of the climate. The majority of these adaptations start with the farmers and they used different materials to fix their day to day problems. With the objective to analyse the constructive system of the bamboo structure for use in the vegetation house and to test different environmental control systems with the aim to look at the production between the harvest of the strawberry plants. In the period between February 2002 and January 2004 five experiments of this type were carried out at the experimental station at the College of Agricultural/Unicamp Engineering. In the first experiment they tested the use of beams and columns of colmos of Bambusa tuldoides Munro species of bamboo. The beams and columns had been structured with plastic spacers specifically made to standardize the construction, due to greater resistance and stability. Three spaces between columns (2,0, 2,5 and 3,0m) under different load efforts had been evaluated, and the best result was obtained with the spacing of 2,5m. In the other experiments the objective was to study the ambient temperature control applied to the culture of the strawberry plants for production in the period between harvests in the state of São Paulo, cultivated in NFT system and aeroponics with and without and a cooling zone. They had evaluated cool and total mass of fruit/plant, the number of fruits and stolon/plant. The varieties used had been: Campinas; Sweet Charlie; Seascape; Oso Grande and Tudla. The microclimate generated for the aeropônico system with cooling zone was also analyzed. The treatments involving the control of photoperiod had promoted the production during the period of period between harvests. Despite the aeroponics systems with and without cooling, produced during the period between harvests, the productivity was good, however they had influenced inside on the temperature of the nutritional solution and the microclimate of the different plant groups / Doutorado / Construções Rurais e Ambiencia / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

Submitted by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-03-27T15:32:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marcelo Zózimo da Silva - 2014.pdf: 6394247 bytes, checksum: b8f502a5fbcaa699eb145981a96f0136 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-03-30T12:45:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marcelo Zózimo da Silva - 2014.pdf: 6394247 bytes, checksum: b8f502a5fbcaa699eb145981a96f0136 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-30T12:45:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marcelo Zózimo da Silva - 2014.pdf: 6394247 bytes, checksum: b8f502a5fbcaa699eb145981a96f0136 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Over 80% of the 6,000 inhabitants of Alfredo Vasconcelos, a municipality in the southern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is involved in agricultural activities, mainly horticulture, floriculture and fruit culture, which is characterized by strawberry cultivation on top of a relief known as ‘mar de morros’, predominant in the region, with edaphoclimatic conditions adequate to this type of cultivation. Strawberry cultivation ranks second in state production; however, it has been presenting differences in planting and crop performances, slope hydric erosion, fertigated input losses, as well as turbidity, leaching, and downstream fish fauna decrease, according to farm proprietors and preliminary observations. The hypothesis tested is that the use and management of soil may induce changes in its morphological, physical- hydric behavior, as well as in its fertility, leading to decreased production and yield and soil and slope instability. The aim of this work was to evaluate the morphological and physical- hydric behavior of strawberry-cultivated soils in the aforementioned municipality so as to identify the vertical and lateral hydric flux routes and understand the causes of the differences found to provide management alternatives to family farmers. The study was based on the macro- and micro-morphological and analytical characterization of soils through infiltration and resistance to soil penetration assays, along a representative toposequence of the area, constituted of the descendent lateral succession of medium texture soils as Red Yelow Latosol Cambic Latossol and Haplic Gleisol. Four soil profiles were evaluated: P1, on the top; P2, on the upper slope; P3, on the medium slope, cultivated with strawberry; and P4, on the slope base, used as pasture planted with Brachiaria decumbens. The results showed increased clay, soil density and resistance to penetration in the subsurface of the profiles and downstream, concomitantly with a decrease in total porosity and infiltration rate. Such data were corroborated by micro-morphological and micro- morphometric evaluation of the pores with the help of binary image analyses. It was concluded that there is a moderate impediment to the development of the surface radicular system, and more marked on the subsurface, interpreted as weak to moderate compaction, respectively, which would be capable to induce lateral hydric flux routes that cause nutrient loss above the compacted subsurface layer, mainly during rain or fertigation periods above the infiltration rate, what would explain the differences observed in this direction, demanding management adjustments so as not to compromise the agricultural sustainability of this activity. / O município de Alfredo Vasconcelos está localizado no sudeste do estado de Minas Gerais e cerca de 80% de sua população – atualmente composta por 6.000 habitantes – dedica-se às atividades agrícolas, com destaque para a produção de horti, flori e fruticultura. Destaque especial deve ser feito ao cultivo do morango, praticado nos topos do relevo conhecido como Mar de Morros, onde as condições edafoclimáticas são adequadas. O morango ocupa o segundo lugar em produção no Estado e em Alfredo Vasconcelos, mas vem registrando problemas como diferenças de desempenho entre canteiros e safras, com ocorrência de erosão hídrica das encostas, perda de insumos fertirrigados, além de turbidez, assoreamento e diminuição da fauna piscícola no córrego a jusante, conforme relato dos proprietários e observações preliminares no local durante a realização do trabalho. A hipótese testada é de que o uso e manejo do solo podem induzir mudanças no comportamento morfológico, físico-hídrico e de fertilidade da fruta, podendo interferir na produção e na produtividade. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o comportamento morfológico e físico-hídrico dos solos cultivados com morango no referido município, de modo a deduzir as rotas de fluxos hídricos verticais e laterais e entender as causas das diferenças observadas e, assim, fornecer alternativas de manejo aos agricultores familiares. O estudo dividiu-se em três etapas: (1) na caracterização macro e micromorfológica e analítica dos solos; (2) em ensaios de infiltração e de resistência à infiltração e de resistência à penetração dos solos ao longo de uma topossequência representativa da área, composta de sucessão lateral descendente de solos com textura média: Latossolos Vermelho Amarelo, Latossolo Câmbico e Gleissolos Háplicos. (3) Foram avaliados quatro perfis de solos, o P1, no topo; o P2, na vertente superior; o P3, na vertente média, todos cultivados com morango; e o P4, na base da encosta, utilizada com pastagem plantada com Brachiaria decumbens. Os resultados revelaram aumento de argila, de densidade do solo e de resistência à penetração em subsuperfície dos perfis e para jusante, paralelamente à diminuição de porosidade total e das taxas de infiltração. Estes dados foram corroborados por avaliação micromorfológica e micromorfométrica dos poros, com auxílio de análise de imagens binárias. Concluiu-se que há moderado impedimento ao desenvolvimento do sistema radicular em superfície e mais acentuado em subsuperfície. Pode-se interpretar como compactação de fraca a moderada, respectivamente, a qual seria capaz de induzir rotas de fluxos hídricos laterais, que causam a perda de nutrientes e de finos acima da camada subsuperficial compactada. Isso ocorrerá, principalmente, durante episódios de chuva ou fertirrigação acima da taxa de infiltração, o que explicaria as diferenças observadas neste rumo e que demanda ajustes no manejo, de modo a promover alternativas de sustentabilidade agrícola da atividade para a região.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-28T20:16:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jussara_C_C_Friedrich_2017.pdf: 2490952 bytes, checksum: b514f94e0cb058f511bb4a2167bd8821 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T20:16:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jussara_C_C_Friedrich_2017.pdf: 2490952 bytes, checksum: b514f94e0cb058f511bb4a2167bd8821 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Strawberry is a non-climacteric pseudofruit and has a short shelf life after harvest. Among the factors responsible for the loss of quality of strawberries are high metabolic activity and high susceptibility to microbial attack. Therefore, studies with edible coverings or coverings are being one of the most appropriate alternatives to assist in the post harvest conservation of fruits, especially non-climacteric ones such as strawberry. These coatings have excellent barrier properties, mainly to the transport of gases and water vapor, among other factors that contribute to the maintenance of fruit quality. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of edible films produced from gelatine, native starch, sorbitol and Tetradenia riparia extract (antimicrobial agent) in the post harvest harvesting of strawberries (Fragaria ananassa). The films were analyzed for thickness, solubility, opacity, colorimetry, TVA (water vapor transmission) and mechanical analysis. The films that received the addition of Tetradenia riparia extract became thicker with lower solubility and opacity, and greater luminosity. These data corroborated the mechanical analysis, in which the films with extract were more elastic, in addition, it was necessary to apply a greater force to break, that is, more resistant. Regarding the fruits, the analyzes were performed on alternate days, during 10 days of storage, under temperature and humidity of refrigerator with temperature of 8ºC at 10ºC and relative humidity of approximately 75%, being evaluated the loss of mass, microbiological analysis, analysis Antioxidant, calorimetry, vitamin C contents, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable total acidity (TTA) and the relationship between both SST / ATT. The loss of mass increased with the prolongation of the storage, that is to say, when adding the extract of Tetradenia riparia both in medium and in high inhibition the losses of mass of the fruits were superior to 10% in the 4th day of storage, for the two treatments mentioned above. As for the contents of total soluble solids and titratable total acidity the contents increased with the increase of the storage period, this fact may be related to the respiratory process and consumption of organic acids. Regarding the vitamin C content, only the treatments that did not receive the addition of extract continued to increase the contents at the end of the experiment. This proves the importance of using biofilm as a protective agent, it is also observed that these fruits that the coloration decreases, leaving the less looking less shiny. Microbiological analysis showed that the most effective treatment was the high inhibition of starch film (FAAI), that is, 500 μg / ml of Tetradenia riparia extract was enough to decrease the number of colony forming units at the end of experiment. For the antioxidant activity it was observed that the most efficient treatments were those with the addition of T. riparia extract to the films that is, when adding 500μg / ml or 1000μg / ml, they presented a decrease of the antioxidant activity, indicating that the Extract may reduce metabolic activity and delay fruit senescence. / O morango é um pseudofruto não climatérico e que tem uma curta vida útil após a colheita. Entre os fatores responsáveis pela perda de qualidade dos morangos estão alta atividade metabólica e alta susceptibilidade ao ataque microbiano. Diante disso, estudos com revestimentos ou coberturas comestíveis estão sendo uma das alternativas mais apropriada para auxiliar na conservação pós colheita de frutas principalmente as não climatéricas como é o caso do morango. Estes recobrimentos podem possuir excelentes propriedades de barreira, principalmente ao transporte de gases e vapor de água, entre outros fatores que contribuem para manutenção da qualidade do fruto. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de filmes comestíveis produzidos a partir de gelatina, amido nativo, sorbitol e extrato de Tetradenia riparia (agente antimicrobiano) na conservação de morangos em pós- colheita. Os filmes foram analisados em relação à espessura, solubilidade, opacidadade, colorimetria, TVA (transmissao de vapor de agua) e análise mecânica. Em relação aos frutos, as análises foram realizadas em dias alternados, durante 10 dias de armazenamento, sob refrigeracão com temperatura de 8ºC á 10ºC e umidade relativa de aproximadamente 75%, sendo avaliados a perda de massa, análise microbiológica, análise antioxidante, calorimetria, vitamina C, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT) SST/ATT. Os filmes que receberam a adição do extrato de Tetradenia riparia tornaram-se mais espessos com menor solubilidade e opacidade, e maior luminosidade. Estes dados corroboraram a análise mecânica, em que, os filmes com extrato mostraram-se mais elásticos, além disso, foi necessário aplicar uma força maior para que se rompesse, ou seja, mais resistentes. A perda de massa aumentou com o prolongamento do armazenamento, ou seja, ao adicionar o extrato de T. riparia tanto em média quanto em alta concentracao as perdas de massa dos frutos foram superiores a 10% no 4º dia de armazenamento, para os dois tratamentos citados acima. Quanto aos teores de sólidos solúveis totais e acidez total titulável os teores aumentaram com o aumento do período de armazenamento. Em relação ao teor de vitamina C, apenas os tratamentos que não receberam a adição de extrato continuaram a aumentar os teores ao final do experimento. Isto comprova a importância da utilização de biofilme como agente de proteção, também observa-se que estes frutos que a coloração diminui, deixando os menos com aspecto menos brilhante. A análise microbiologica mostrou que o tratamento mais eficaz, foi o filme de amido com alta concentracao de extrato (FAAI), ou seja, 500µg/ml de extrato de T. riparia foi o suficiente para diminuir o número de unidades formadoras de colônias ao final do experimento. Para a atividade antioxidante observou-se que os tratamentos mais eficientes foram aqueles com a adição de extrato de T. riparia aos filmes, ou seja ao adicionar 500µg/ml ou 1000µg/ml, os mesmos apresentaram uma diminuição da atividade antioxidante, indicando que o extrato pode reduzir a atividade metabólica e retardar a senescência dos frutos.

Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-09-14T13:10:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese Vanessa Araujo.pdf: 1624967 bytes, checksum: bcb43cb2b82f71682279c7c4666119f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-14T13:10:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese Vanessa Araujo.pdf: 1624967 bytes, checksum: bcb43cb2b82f71682279c7c4666119f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-21 / Um dos grandes problemas observados no cultivo de hortaliças é o uso excessivo de fertilizantes solúveis, altamente concentrados, que tem causado prejuízos à biodiversidade do solo, à qualidade dos produtos gerados e ao ecossistema como um todo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de uma matriz fertilizante à base de subprodutos de xisto e da água de xisto na produção e qualidade dos alimentos em um sistema de sucessão de culturas constituído de morango, melão e alface, com o uso de plantas de cobertura em um solo com níveis muito elevados de macronutrientes. Utilizou-se um sistema de produção em sucessão com as culturas do morangueiro, meloeiro, alface e as plantas de cobertura aveia-preta consorciada com ervilhaca, seguidas de crotalária. Foram utilizados 16 tratamentos para as culturas do morangueiro e alface, que resultaram das combinações de níveis de três fatores: cultivar, adubação de base complementar e adubação foliar, enquanto que para a cultura do meloeiro e plantas de cobertura, foram utilizados 4 tratamentos resultantes das combinações de níveis de dois fatores: cultivar e adubação de base complementar. Foram utilizadas adubações foliares a base de água de xisto, combinadas com os nutrientes Ca e B (morangueiro) e Mn e Zn (alface). As variáveis analisadas foram produção, compostos funcionais e atividade antioxidante total, físico-químicas, análise química da planta: folha, fruto e parte aérea e análise química do solo. Nas condições desse estudo, em área de alto nível de fertilidade inicial, a adubação de base complementar com MBR e adubação foliar a base de água de xisto não influenciaram as variáveis relativas às propriedades funcionais e às características químicas dos frutos de morangueiro e do meloeiro e das plantas de alface. Os micronutrientes adicionados na adubação foliar à base de água de xisto, Ca e B para o morangueiro, e Zn e Mn para alface não influenciaram as variáveis de produção e qualidade das culturas estudadas, possivelmente devido ao elevado teor inicial desses nutrientes no solo. Dentre os nutrientes analisados, o fósforo foi o único que apresentou considerável redução em relação ao teor inicial, após os cultivos com somente adubação residual, mas permaneceu, mesmo assim, em nível considerado alto. / A major problem observed in growing vegetables, is the excessive use of highly concentrated soluble fertilizers, which has caused damage to soil biodiversity, to quality of the products and to the ecosystem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a fertilizer matrix based on shale by-products and of shale water, on production quality and productivity in a succession system of cultures consisting of strawberry, melon, lettuce and cover crops, in a soil with very high levels of macronutrients. A production system consisting of a succession of strawberry, melon, lettuce and cover plants, black oat intercropped with vetch, followed by crotalaria, was used. Sixteen treatments were used for strawberry and lettuce, which resulted from the combination of three factors: varieties, basic supplementary fertilization and leaf fertilization. For melon and cover plants four treatments were used resulting from the combination of two factors: varieties and complementary base fertilization. Foliar fertilizers based on shale water, combined with the nutrients Ca and B (strawberry) and Mg and Zn (lettuce) were used. The variables analyzed were production, functional compounds and total antioxidant activity, physicochemical, chemical analysis of the plant leaf, fruit and shoot and soil chemical analysis. Under the conditions of this study, conducted in a area with high level of initial fertility, the complementary base fertilization with MBR and foliar fertilization with shale water did not influence variables related to functional properties and chemical characteristics of strawberry and melon fruits, and of lettuce plants. The addition of the micronutrients Ca and B for the strawberries, and Zn and Mn for the lettuce in the foliar fertilization with shale water did not influence the production and quality of those crops, probably due to the high initial content of these nutrients in the soil. Of the nutrients analyzed, phosphorus was the only one who showed considerable reduction compared to the initial content, after the cultivation with only residual fertilizer, but remained in a high level in the soil.

Strawberries are considered an important crop in California where in 2018 it was in the top 5 valued fruit and vegetable commodities valued at $2.84 billion accounting for 88% of the total U.S. production. Strawberry production can be severely impacted by soilborne pathogens that can affect strawberry roots, crowns and leaves which can result in plant mortality. As much as 50 to 60% mortality can occur in one field. Pathogens responsible for such losses include Colletotrichum acutatum (syn.C. nymphaeae), Macrophomina phaseolina and Verticillium dahliae. With the phaseout of methyl bromide, host resistance and an understanding of host-pathogen interactions can play an important role in control of these diseases. A two-year study was conducted in order to evaluate host resistance of anthracnose in 105 cultivars and elite breeding lines developed by six strawberry breeding programs. Cultivars and elite breeding lines were inoculated using three local isolates in both years. All breeding programs provided genotypes that had a wide range of anthracnose susceptibility ranging from 0 to 100% mortality during both years. In both years an average of 78% of all the plant mortality occurred by 1 January. From the 105 cultivars and elite breeding lines, 30 cultivars were common to both years. Of these 30 cultivars, nine of them differed in their disease susceptibility between experiments by more than 20%. This suggests that several years of field evaluation may be necessary to determine susceptibility to anthracnose. Popular cultivars that represent the spectrum of susceptibility are Monterey (susceptible), Festival (moderately resistant), and Sensation (resistant). A second study was conducted toevaluate pathogen colonization of resistant and susceptible strawberry cultivars, testing interactions among crown and root plant tissue and two sampling timings. These cultivars were challenged with two soilborne pathogens, Macrophomina phaseolinaand Verticillium dahliae,over two years. Existing qPCR protocols for M. phaseolina and V. dahliae were used in order to quantify how much pathogen DNA was detected in crown and root samples. For the 2016-2017 V. dahliae trial there were significant effects for cultivar. Cultivar Benicia had significantly higher pathogen DNA compared to resistant cultivars Marquis, UC-12 and Camino Real. Susceptible cultivar BG 1975 had significantly less pathogen DNA compared to resistant cultivars San Andreas and Petaluma. In the 2017-2018 V. dahliaetrial pathogen DNA amount was not significantly different based on cultivar, plant part colonization, or the sampling period. In the 2017-2018 M. phaseolina trial all three of the fixed factors, cultivars, plant part colonization and sampling period were statistically significant. Cultivar ‘Sweet Ann’ had a significantly higher level of M. phaseolinaDNA in the early vs. the late sampling.

Strawberry cultivar performance affected by various cultural practices was investigated in two production systems. The first study investigated strawberry yield, fruit quality, and production timing of eight cultivars when using black and red plastic mulches in a high tunnel production system. The high tunnel increased air temperatures and advanced strawberry fruiting by four to six weeks compared to local openield production. The second study investigated plant growth, yield, and fruit quality of 10 cultivars fertilized with organic or conventional fertilizer and irrigated once or twice daily with the same total irrigation volume in a container system. Strawberry cultivars varied in their yield and quality variables including soluble solids contents, firmness, and titratible acidity in the two production systems. Mulch color, fertilizer type, and irrigation frequency had varying effects on the growth microenvironment, fruit yield, and certain quality variables.

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa, Duch.) is an important crop in California, with more than 35,000 acres planted in 2018 resulting in a farm gate value of $3.1 billion. In 2020, California strawberry production accounted for more than 85% of national strawberry production and faces serious threats to production due to various soil-borne diseases. One such disease, Verticillium wilt, is caused by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae and is commonly found in temperate zones around the world where strawberries are grown. Due to the phase-out of efficacious fumigants like methyl bromide, alternative disease management methods have become necessary to alleviate threats to production. Alternative fumigation practices such as crop termination have recently been investigated, and the integration of crop termination with bed fumigation and host resistance can play an integral role in control of Verticillium wilt. A field trial was established at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo to examine the efficacy of integrative management solutions for control of Verticillium wilt of strawberry in a naturally infested field. The efficacy of sequential fumigation applications of crop termination and bed fumigation was examined. Further, the integration of a resistant cultivar was also implemented in hopes of further decreasing plant mortality and increasing yield. Different fumigant products such as metam potassium, metam sodium, and chloropicrin were used to assess their performance in different fumigation applications. Metam potassium and metam sodium were used for crop termination. When used for crop termination, both products delivered significant reduction in soil inoculum density and adequate crop injury. Metam potassium, metam sodium, and chloropicrin were used for bed fumigation. All products reduced soil inoculum density. Lower plant mortality and higher yield resulted from sequential applications of crop termination and bed fumigation, with average plant mortality for non-treated control plots and sequentially fumigated plots being 67.2% and 24.1%, respectively. There were no significant increases in yield for plots bed fumigated and sequentially crop terminated and bed fumigated, but significant increases in yield for all plots treated versus the non-treated plots were found. The integration of a moderately resistant cultivar Valiant after the fumigation series showed lower mortality and higher yield versus a susceptible cultivar Seascape. A two-year study was also conducted in order to evaluate host resistance to Verticillium wilt in 74 cultivars and elite breeding lines from five strawberry breeding programs. Genotypes were established in a field naturally infested with V. dahliae on the campus farm at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. All five breeding programs had a wide range of susceptibility to Verticillium wilt, ranging from 1.5% to 100% mortality for both years of the trial. Twenty-three cultivars and elite breeding lines were common to both years of the trial; of these, five cultivars showed vastly different results between the two years. For example, ‘Monterey’ showed 78.8% mortality in 2021 and 11.5% mortality in 2022. This demonstrates the importance of evaluating host resistance over multiple years under different environmental conditions and field locations.

Strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) represent species, withinagriculture and forestry respectively, that are traditionally protected by utilization of pesticidesincluding neurotoxic insecticides. More environmentally friendly protection strategies are thereforehighly desirable. Treating plants with specific metabolites naturally occurring in their tissues might alterepigenetic mechanisms, which in turn may strengthen plants self-defense against diseases and weevilattacks. F. x ananassa and P. sylvestris seeds were treated with 2,5 mM nicotinamide and 2,5 mMnicotinic acid in order to investigate possible epigenetical effects by analyzing changes in the level ofthe DNA methylation. The epigenetic changes, for both plants, were analyzed on the global DNA level.Reduction in the DNA methylation level in strawberry leaves as well as the DNA methylation increase inpine needles were observed by means of LUMA-analysis when HpaII restriction enzyme was used in theanalysis. Further investigation is required in order to understand if NIC and NIA may have a significantimpact on pathogen attack in strawberry plants and Scots pine. More research may also unveil ifnicotinamide and nicotinic acid can play a potential role in more sustainable defense strategies ofplants. / Jordgubbsplantor (Fragaria x ananassa) och tallar (Pinus sylvestris) representerar växter inom jord- ochskogsbruk som traditionellt skyddas genom användning av bekämpningsmedel, detta inklusiveneurotoxiska insekticider. Mer miljövänliga skyddsstrategier är därför mycket önskvärda. Behandling avväxter med specifika naturligt förekommande metaboliter genererade av växterna kan påverkaepigenetiska mekanismer. Förändringar på den epigenetiska nivån kan, i sin tur, bidra till förstärkningav växternas eget självförsvar mot sjukdomar och insektsangrepp. Frön av både F. x ananassa och P.sylvestris behandlades med 2,5 mM nikotinamid och 2,5 mM nikotinsyra i syfte att undersökaeventuella epigenetiska effekter. Detta genom att analysera förändringar i graden av DNA metylering ide behandlade plantorna. De epigenetiska förändringarna för jordgubbsplantor och tallar analyseradespå den globala DNA-nivån. Minskad DNA-metylering i jordgubbsblad samt ökad DNA-metylering itallbarr observerades med hjälp av restriktionsenzymet Hpall och LUMA-analys. Ytterligareundersökningar behövs för att kunna förstå om NIC och NIA kan ha en inverkan på patogenangrepp ijordgubbsplantor och tall. Mer forskning kan också avslöja om nikotinamid och nikotinsyra kan ha enbetydande roll inom hållbara försvarsstrategier för växter.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this research was to determine plant growth and development and fruit yield of the strawberry crop from bare root and plug transplants with different crown diameters. Bare roots transplants were produced by rooting stolons and plug transplants from runner tips collected and rooted in a substrate growing bed. Three classes of crown diameters were compared, in a 2 x 3 factorial and randomized block experimental design, with four replications, 16 plants per plot and a density of 6.6 plants m-2. For bare root transplants, crown diameters were between 3.0 and 5.0 (class 1); 5.1 and 8.0 (class 2) and greater than 8.1 mm (class 3). For plug transplants, runner tips were screened between 2.0 and 3.9 (class 1); 4.0 and 5.5 (class 2) and 5.6 to 7.0 mm (class 3). Transplants of both types were planted at April 16th, 2008, and at this date, crown diameter, shoot and root dry mass and number of leaves were higher in all classes of plug transplants. Ripe fruits were harvested from June 15th to November 7th, 2008, and fresh fruit yield was determined. Plant growth and development were determined at last harvest. Higher growth, development and fruit yield were obtained in plants from plug transplants. For bare root transplants, crown diameters higher than 5.1 mm can be used while for plug transplants the crown diameter of runner tips does not affect plant growth and fruit yield. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da planta e a produtividade de frutas de morangueiro com o emprego de mudas de raízes nuas e de torrão com diferentes diâmetros de coroa. As mudas de raízes nuas foram produzidas pelo enraizamento dos estolões e aquelas de torrão a partir de pontas de estolões coletadas e enraizadas em leito de cultivo preenchido com substrato. Três classes de diâmetro de coroa foram comparadas, em um esquema fatorial 2 x 3, em delineamento blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, 16 plantas por parcela e densidade de 6,6 plantas m-2. Nas mudas de raízes nuas os diâmetros de coroa foram entre 3,0 e 5,0 (classe 1), 5,1 e 8,0 (classe 2) e maior do que 8,1 mm (classe 3). Naquelas de torrão, as pontas de estolão foram classificadas entre 2,0 e 3,9 (classe 1), 4,0 e 5,5 (classe 2) e 5,6 a 7,0 mm (classe 3). As mudas de ambos os tipos foram plantadas em 16 de abril de 2008 e nessa data o diâmetro da coroa, a massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes e o número de folhas foram mais elevados nas mudas com torrão. As frutas foram colhidas maduras entre 15 de junho e sete de novembro de 2008 e a produção de frutas foi determinada. Nesta data foi determinado também o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. Maior crescimento, desenvolvimento e produção de frutas foram obtidos com o emprego de mudas com torrão. Com mudas de raízes nuas as classes 2 e 3 devem ser empregadas, enquanto nas mudas com torrão o diâmetro da coroa da pontas de estolão não influencia a produção de frutas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:25:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Glaucia_Oliveira_Islabao.pdf: 11691653 bytes, checksum: aa0c46c1206ac7ab555f7587ceb58264 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-30 / Strawberry crop is an important option for small properties, being of great relevance for people fixation at countryside and generation and maintenance of rural jobs. Studies related to soil attributes monitoring, which can be used as soil quality indicators, are important to evaluate the sustainability of agricultural practices and to point to sound environment management, aiming to its conservation. This work intended to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of the chemical and microbiological soil attributes during the strawberry crop cycle in fourteen rural properties affiliated to the Association of Strawberry Producers of Turuçu-RS, to identify and evaluate the potential impacts of irrigation water on these attributes and to propose actions to minimize these impacts if needed. In this way, deformed soil samples were collected in four different periods at depth 0-0.20 m, to determine their chemical attributes (organic matter, active and potential acidity, CEC and at pH 7.0, base saturation and aluminum saturation), microbiological (carbon and nitrogen of microbial biomass, basal respiration and metabolic quotient) and about fertility (total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper and zinc). In order to evaluate the mean values of all attributes along the time in each property was applied the LSD mean comparison test with significance to 5%. The spatial and temporal variability of all attributes were evaluataded by means of box plots. Results indicated that between the soil chemical indicators, the mean values of potential acidity presented the major significant variation along the time, while the mean values of aluminum saturation presented the minor variation. Between the soil microbiological indicators, the mean basal respiration presented the major significant variation along the time, while the mean values of nitrogen of microbial biomass presented the minor variation. Between soil fertility indicators the mean values of copper presented the major significant variation along the time, while the mean values of zinc presented the minor variation. With regard to the spatial and temporal variability of the chemical indicators it was found that organic matter presented the greatest amplitude and the aluminum saturation the lowest. Regarding to the spatial and temporal variability of the microbiological indicators it was found that carbon of microbial biomass presented the greatest amplitude while the metabolic quotient presented the lowest. Regarding to the spatial and temporal variability of the soil fertility indicators it was found that copper presented the greatest amplitude while zinc presented the lowest. The concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, copper and zinc presented high levels in all strawberry crops. The organic matter levels were classified as low in most strawberry crops. It was not possible to identify the impact of irrigation water over the chemical and soil fertility indicators, meanwhile, there was a possible impact over the microbiological indicators, specially over the carbon and nitrogen of microbial biomass and metabolic quotient. / A cultura do morango é uma importante alternativa para pequenas propriedades, sendo de grande importância para a fixação do homem no campo e para a geração e manutenção de emprego na área rural. Estudos relativos ao monitoramento dos atributos do solo, que podem ser utilizados como indicadores de qualidade do solo, são importantes para avaliar a sustentabilidade das práticas agrícolas, além de sinalizar o manejo adequado do ambiente visando à sua conservação. Em virtude disto, este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar a variabilidade espacial e temporal dos atributos químicos e microbiológicos do solo ao longo do ciclo de produção da cultura do morango em quatorze propriedades pertencentes a Associação de Produtores de Morango do município de Turuçu/RS, identificar e avaliar os possíveis impactos da água de irrigação sobre estes atributos e propor ações para minimizar estes impactos caso existirem. Para tal, foram coletadas, em quatro diferentes épocas e na profundidade de 0-0,20 m, amostras deformadas de solo em cada uma das propriedades, determinando seus atributos químicos (matéria orgânica, acidez ativa e potencial, CTC efetiva e pH 7,0, saturação por alumínio e saturação por bases), microbiológicos (carbono microbiano, nitrogênio microbiano, respiração basal e quociente metabólico) e de fertilidade (nitrogênio total, fósforo, potássio, cobre e zinco). Para verificar o comportamento dos valores médios de todos os atributos ao longo do tempo e em cada propriedade foi aplicado o teste de comparação de médias DMS, a nível de 5% de significância, enquanto que para avaliar a distribuição temporal e espacial de todos os atributos foram construídos gráficos em caixa. Os resultados indicaram que dentre os indicadores químicos do solo, os valores médios de acidez potencial foram os que mais diferiram significativamente ao longo do tempo, enquanto que os valores médios de saturação por alumínio foram os que menos diferiram; dentre os indicadores microbiológicos do solo, os valores médios de respiração basal foram os que mais diferiram significativamente ao longo do tempo, enquanto que os valores médios de nitrogênio microbiano foram os que menos diferiram ao longo do tempo; dentre os indicadores de fertilidade do solo, os valores médios de cobre foram os que mais diferiram significativamente ao longo do tempo, enquanto que os valores médios de zinco foram os que menos diferiram; quanto a variabilidade espacial e temporal dos indicadores químicos, foi constatado que a matéria orgânica apresentou a maior amplitude e a saturação por alumínio a menor; quanto a variabilidade espacial e temporal dos indicadores microbiológicos, foi constatado que o indicador carbono microbiano apresentou a maior amplitude e o quociente metabólico a menor; quanto a variabilidade espacial e temporal dos indicadores de fertilidade, foi constatado que o cobre apresentou a maior amplitude e o zinco a menor; as concentrações dos elementos fósforo, potássio, cobre e zinco encontram-se com elevados teores em todas as lavouras de morango; os teores de matéria orgânica foram classificados como baixos na maioria das lavouras de morango envolvidas neste estudo; não foi possível identificar o impacto da adição da água de irrigação sobre os indicadores químicos e de fertilidade do solo, entretanto, houve um possível impacto sobre os indicadores microbiológicos, principalmente, verificado sobre o carbono microbiano, nitrogênio microbiano e o quociente metabólico.