Du fait du développement de nouveaux produits (NPD) dans l’industrie, l’organisation devient de plus en plus complexe, ceci est dû notamment à la complexité même des produits. Dans ce contexte, le MBSE (Model Based Systems Engineering) et les approches collaboratives, qui adressent ces complexités, ont été reconnus pour leurs facultés à améliorer le NPD. Une implémentation réussie d’une conception collaborative du type MBSE, doit permettre de gérer ces deux complexités. Cette thèse de doctorat a pour objet l’étude de projets de conception collaborative MBSE au sein des équipes françaises chez des équipementiers automobiles et aéronautiques, afin de mettre en avant l’amélioration du développement des produits. La conception collaborative du type MBSE est assimilable à un système organisationnel complexe, impliquant des vues ou dimensions différentes. Ainsi, l’identification de ces dimensions, leur définition et l’étude de leurs interactions constituent le premier objectif de cette recherche. La compréhension de chacune d’entre elles pour améliorer la collaboration entre les différents membres du projet, est le deuxième objectif.Le troisième et dernier objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des systèmes socio-techniques (STS), assistant la collaboration. Les résultats de cette recherche, fournissent une méthodologie pour manager la complexité organisationnelle dans des projets collaboratifs du type MBSE. Elle est le produit d’une combinaison de quatre méthodes permettant la caractérisation de ses dimensions (processus, acteurs, objets et outils), tout en définissant leurs interactions. Ces méthodes assistent respectivement : 1) La description et l’évaluation de ces projets avec une perspective systémique 2) l’établissement d’une vision partagée du travail 3) l’analyse des coopérations entre les acteurs, et 4) le développement de STS tels quels des environnements collaboratifs et des supports collaboratif de capitalisation. L’implémentation en industrie des méthodes proposées, processus et recommandations, a montré comment la mise en avant de la collaboration dans les projets de design MBSE, permet d’améliorer l’ensemble du développement de produit. / The organisational complexity implied by New Product Development (NPD) within the industry, is often induced by the complex nature of the products themselves. In this context, MBSE (Model Based Systems Engineering) and collaborative approaches address those complexities and have been recognised by their contribution to improve the NPD processes. A successful implementation of a collaborative MBSE design would allow to manage both complexities. This PhD thesis describes an investigation on collaborative MBSE design projects within French teams in automotive and aeronautics companies, with the purpose of enhancing them to improve product development. We understand collaborative MBSE design as a complex organisational system which implies different views or dimensions. The identification of those dimensions, their definition and the study of their interactions constitute the first objective of this research. Understanding each dimension in order to improve collaboration between the project members is the second objectivedeuxième objectif.The third and last objective of this research is to propose Socio Technical Systems (STS) supporting this collaboration. The results of the thesis provide a methodology to manage organisational complexity in collaborative MBSE design projects. The methodology is a combination of four methods assisting the characterisation of the MBSE dimensions (people, process, information objects and tools), while defining their interactions. These methods support respectively: 1) The assessment and description of collaborative MBSE design projects from a systemic perspective 2) The establishment of a shared vision of the work 3) The analysis of the cooperation among the actors 4) The development of STS such as collaborative environment and a collaborative capitalisation support. The implementation of the proposed methods, process and guidelines in the industry has shown how the enhancement of collaboration in MBSE design projects can improve the overall product development.

El objetivo de esta investigación científica fue contrastar investigaciones que sostienen que consumo y economía colaborativa son lo mismo con aquéllas que sostienen que el consumo colaborativo es causa de la economía colaborativa. Se hizo una revisión de la literatura existente sobre ambos modelos de negocio aplicando un enfoque de revisión minucioso. Se compararon las distintas posturas en cuanto a la terminología, alcances y exclusiones. Se analizaron distintos grupos de interés de diversos sectores para determinar los factores que impulsan, inhiben y sustentan el éxito de su participación en la economía colaborativa y en el consumo colaborativo. Los resultados mostraron que se hace un mayor hincapié en los factores motivadores ya que impulsan el desarrollo y apogeo en estrecha relación y concordancia con la sostenibilidad y el aspecto social. Se determinó que ambos modelos cumplen un rol indispensable al generar valor a la sociedad mediante el ahorro de recursos y la extensión de la vida útil de los mismos. Se mostró el aspecto social y su relación con ambos modelos, determinando que el ser humano es social por naturaleza y que, al sentirse motivado, está dispuesto a recomendar el uso de un bien o servicio. Todos estos temas se plantean considerando que ambos modelos económicos se iniciaron en el siglo XX con la aparición de internet y las redes sociales y que, al ser nuevos, se plantean a su vez nuevas líneas de exploración con el propósito de comprender mejor otros nuevos modelos económicos que están surgiendo en el mundo. / The objective of this scientific investigation was to contrast investigations that argue that collaborative consumption and shared economy are the same with those that maintain that collaborative consumption is the cause of the shared economy. A review of the existing literature on both business models was done using a thorough review approach. Different positions were compared regarding terminology, scope and exclusions. Different interest groups from various sectors were analyzed to determine the factors that drive, inhibit and sustain the success of their participation in the sharing economy and collaborative consumption. The results showed that a greater emphasis is placed on motivating factors since they drive development and growth in close relationship and in accordance with sustainability and the social aspect. It was determined that both models play a mandatory role in generating value to society, by saving resources and extending their useful life. The social aspect and its relationship with both models were shown, determining that the human being is social by nature and that, feeling motivated, is willing to recommend the use of a good or service. All these issues are raised considering that both economic models began in the twentieth century with the emergence of the internet and social networks and that, being new, new lines of exploration are in turn proposed in order to better understand other new economic models that are emerging in the world. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Detta arbete syftar till att undersöka hur musikteorilärare på gymnasiet arbetar med ämnet musikteori genom observationer av lektioner och intervjuer med lärare. Fokus ligger på att granska utrymmet som ges till elevsamarbete, användandet av digitala verktyg samt hur lärarna relaterar ämnet till elevernas praktiska användande. Detta har undersökts genom att först observera musikteorilärare under lektionstillfällen för att hitta intressanta aspekter av deras undervisning, inspirerat av metoden grounded theory. Sedan intervjuades dessa musikteorilärare närmre om just de aspekter som ansågs intressanta. I arbetets analysdel relateras sedan lärarnas svar till en teori om lärande som kallas Collaborative learning. Inom denna teori är grupparbete, ofta assisterat med digitala verktyg mycket viktigt, vilket är relevant för detta arbete. Under intervjuerna berättade en av de två intervjuade lärarna att grupparbeten var väldigt vanliga och att digitala verktyg användes ofta i undervisningen. Den andre läraren berättade motsatsen: grupparbeten skedde sällan och digitala verktyg hade provats under lektionstillfällen, men med otillfredsställande resultat. Båda lärarna relaterade musikteoriämnet till elevernas praktiska användande.

Cette recherche collaborative vise à investiguer les pratiques favorables à l’apprentissage actif, plus particulièrement en contexte d’ateliers libres. Pourquoi s’intéresser aux pratiques des enseignantes de l’éducation préscolaire? Actuellement, au Québec, les approches pédagogiques à privilégier à l’éducation préscolaire font l’objet de plusieurs questionnements. Des recherches (Larivée et Terrisse, 2002, Miller et Almon, 2009) montrent la pertinence de recentrer les pratiques autour de la mission développementale, bien qu’il semblerait qu’on s’en éloigne de plus en plus. Les résultats de recherche montrent les effets positifs, pour le développement et la réussite scolaire de l’enfant, d’une approche qui privilégie le développement global des enfants (Marcon, 2002; Simard, Tremblay, Lavoie et Audet, 2013). Cette approche reconnait que c’est en jouant et en étant actif que l’enfant se développe et apprend. La présente étude prend appui sur des auteurs connus tels que Dewey, Piaget, Vygotsky et Weikart, sur le modèle de développement approprié et sur le fonctionnement par ateliers libres pour circonscrire le cadre de référence. Afin d’investiguer l’objet de recherche, la méthodologie puise aux sources de l’ethnométhodologie et de l’interactionnisme symbolique qui permettront de fonder nos choix méthodologiques et de circonscrire les conditions nécessaires à une recherche collaborative. La démarche d’analyse met en lumière le processus d’enquête d’une enseignante qui relève le défi d’une classe jumelée d’une maternelle et d’une première année. Les résultats de cette étude montrent comment l’enseignante procèdera à différents changements et modifications de ses pratiques, dans ce processus, afin de favoriser l’apprentissage actif chez l’enfant. Ce faisant, elle met en œuvre des stratégies d’action en cohérence avec un cadre qui guide tout son agir afin de motiver les enfants de sa classe à apprendre. Les limites de cette recherche résident dans la singularité du contexte de classe dans lequel nous avons investigué l’objet de recherche et dans la double pertinence de cet objet qui arrive à point autant pour la chercheuse que pour l’enseignante.

Today, most major cities and government agencies use GIS to manage emergency response systems like 911 and automated call dispatch systems. But during emergency crisis events like flash floods or earthquakes, the different local, regional and provincial crisis management authorities have difficulties exchanging and using basic spatial information describing the territory. This information is critical in maintaining public safety within the intervention areas. Many commercial solutions on the market today can be purchased and implemented but these are often costly and complicated to deploy. The objective of this research is to demonstrate that it is possible to conceive a geoportal composed of free OpenSource software using open standards with the goal to facilitate the collaboration of homeland security actors in Québec. The project also has the objective to demonstrate the portability and the ease of use of these Open systems on multiple types of computer platforms. The prototyping of the different solutions enabled us to test many innovative concepts and integrate a multitude of spatial thematic enabling a collaborative approach to crisis management. This was also done using open standards and OpenSource software. This research also helped demonstrate that the majority of geospatial information identified as necessary to manage an urban crisis existed but unavailable or not shared between homeland security stakeholders.

Personal learning environments (PLEs) aim at putting the learner central stage and comprise a technological approach towards learning tools, services, and artifacts gathered from various usage contexts and to be used by learners. Due to the varying technical skills and competences of PLE users, recommendations appear to be useful for empowering learners to set up their environments so that they can connect to learner networks and collaborate on shared artifacts by using the tools available. In this paper we examine different recommender strategies on their applicability in PLE settings. After reviewing different techniques given by literature and experimenting with our prototypic PLE solution we come to the conclusion to start with an item-based strategy and extend it with model-based and iterative techniques for generating recommendations for PLEs. (author's abstract)

The overall aim of the study is to investigate how 12 Years a Slave can help raise awareness among upper secondary students about racism and to inspire sympathy with the characters presented in passages regarding the cruelty and injustice of slavery. The study is based on literary didactics methods, applied to the textual analysis of the passages, to create a hypothetical scheme for teachers that can be used to work with slave narratives in the classroom. The analysis of the passages, in conjunction with the literary didactics methods used, provides methods through which students may increase their awareness of racism and sympathize with the characters in the book by creating their own plays, reenacting the cruelty committed against slaves. Also, when dealing with the injustice of slavery, students can imagine themselves being present even though they will not be able to experience it physically. This may help students sympathize with the main character and help them understand racism from the victim’s point of view.

This thesis aims to develop and validate the dimensions of supply chain collaboration and collaborative advantage in the containerised maritime industry and explores the impact of supply chain collaboration on collaborative advantage and port performance. Additionally, this thesis tests a mediation effect of collaborative advantage on the relationship between supply chain collaboration and port performance. This thesis employs a quantitative method. A theoretical model is built based on thorough literature reviews of supply chain management and maritime studies, in-depth discussions with experts, item review and Q-sorting techniques to signify ambiguity or misunderstanding with the scales and to suggest modifications. The proposed model is empirically tested with survey data using 178 responses from terminal operators, shipping lines, inland transport companies, freight forwarders, ship management companies and third-party logistics providers involved in maritime logistics in the major containers ports of Busan, Gwangyang and Incheon for a comprehensive and balanced view by using structural equation modelling. With regard to the findings of the empirical research, three main constructs were successfully validated as multi-dimensional constructs. The structural paths support hypotheses that supply chain collaboration has a positive influence on collaborative advantage, and collaborative advantage has a strong contribution to port performance. However, the direct impact of supply chain collaboration on port performance is insignificant. A hierarchical approach of the mediation test and bootstrapping test found that the association between supply chain collaboration and port performance is fully mediated by collaborative advantage. In other words, the greater degree of supply chain collaboration between the port and port user enables them to gain a higher degree of collaborative advantage, and, in turn, this collaborative advantage can contribute to augmenting port performance. This thesis synthesises transaction cost theory, resource based theory and a relational view to explain how supply chain collaboration influences collaborative advantage and port performance. Its theoretical contribution expands the concept of supply chain collaboration and collaborative advantage into containerised maritime contexts, capturing the perspective of the ports and port users. Further, despite numerous maritime studies which extol the importance of collaboration between the ports and port users, no systematic approach has previously developed and validated those constructs and relationships. The various maritime logistics organisations would benefit from applying the results of this study to their supply chain collaboration practices when seeking greater collaborative advantage. The results heed practitioners in containerised maritime logistics organisations to focus on balancing the facets of supply chain collaboration to transport flows of containers seamlessly and efficiently from door-to-door, as supply chain management philosophy drives the maritime logistics industry to become more integrated into shippers' supply chains.

Background: Effective communication is key to team working in healthcare. It can be negatively impacted upon by existing cultures, logistical challenges, role confusion, and a lack of collaborative approaches to practice. Clinical guidelines recommend using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to aid communication within stroke teams. Yet no empirical evidence exists on the process or outcomes of such implementation. Aims: This project aimed to explore ways the ICF could be used with an acute stroke service and identify key learning from the implementation process. Methods: Using an action research framework, iterative cycles were used within exploratory, innovatory and reflective phases. Content analysis was used to map patient notes’ entries to ICF categories. Thematic analysis was undertaken, using a model of immersion and crystallisation, on data generated via interview and focus group, e-mail communications, minutes from meetings, field notes and a reflective diary. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative questionnaire data. Data from all sources were combined to determine key findings. Findings: Participants chose to develop an ICF-based team transfer of care report with an ICF glossary to aid completion. Five overall themes were determined; the need to: (1) adopt the ICF in ways that met local service needs; and (2) adapt the ICF language and format. Once implemented, the ICF: (3) fostered communication within and beyond the stroke team; (4) promoted holistic thinking; and (5) helped to clarify team roles. Conclusions: These are the first empirical findings within stroke services that demonstrate how to make the ICF a clinical reality. Participants needed to adapt and own the ICF to adopt it. When implemented, it enabled specific team communication challenges to be overcome. The use of action research to implement the ICF has facilitated sustained change and improvements to communication, thus benefiting patient care.

Syftet med denna rapport har varit att författa en förstudie åt Bromma flygplats, förstudien har inletts med en nulägesanalys av Bromma flygplats nuvarande organisation och flygoperativa process. Detta för att utreda hur Bromma flygplats nuvarande rutiner och organisation ser ut. Därefter har en genomgång av Bromma flygplats informationsdelning rutiner gjorts. En sammanfattning har även gjorts av Eurocontrols implementeringsmanual, en tidigare implementeringsstudie av A-CDM samt en intervju genomförts med avsikten att presentera vad som generellt krävs för att kunna implementera A-CDM på en flygplats. Granskningen av Bromma flygplats informationsdelning och hur det generella implementeringsarbetet ska gå till, har legat till grund för att kunna presentera de rekommendationer som Bromma flygplats bör åtgärda och genomför för att kunna implementera A-CDM. Till sist har även de troliga effekter som Bromma flygplats kan förvänta sig av ett implementerat A-CDM presenterats.