Submitted by Philippe Raposo (philipperaposo@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-04T03:29:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A invenção da América do Sul - FGV (versão final).pdf: 1683375 bytes, checksum: de5b89112a5335323c0014e35a3ef82f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diego Andrade (diego.andrade@fgv.br) on 2018-06-05T12:29:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A invenção da América do Sul - FGV (versão final).pdf: 1683375 bytes, checksum: de5b89112a5335323c0014e35a3ef82f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diego Andrade (diego.andrade@fgv.br) on 2018-06-05T12:30:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A invenção da América do Sul - FGV (versão final).pdf: 1683375 bytes, checksum: de5b89112a5335323c0014e35a3ef82f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T18:06:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A invenção da América do Sul - FGV (versão final).pdf: 1683375 bytes, checksum: de5b89112a5335323c0014e35a3ef82f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-09 / A construção de regiões e identidades coletivas é um fenômeno antigo. Europa e América Latina, por exemplo, são conceitos construídos ao longo da história, assim como as identidades coletivas europeia e latino-americana. Esta pesquisa tem como finalidade verificar se existe uma comunidade imaginada forjada entre os sul-americanos, fundada numa suposta consciência de grupo que transcenda as fronteiras nacionais na América do Sul. Uma das provocações que nos levaram a essa reflexão é o fato de que a América do Sul não é apenas um recorte geográfico no mapa. As instituições intergovernamentais sul-americanas, como o MERCOSUL, a UNASUL e a OTCA, dentre outras, constituem uma ainda incipiente, mas real, esfera sul-americana de governança pública que complementa as tradicionais esferas nacionais e subnacionais de governo. Essas instituições regionais permitem o planejamento de políticas públicas a partir de uma visão conjunta da América do Sul, ao mesmo tempo como um sistema autônomo e como um subsistema da América Latina e do próprio continente americano. A institucionalização da América do Sul é algo empiricamente comprovado. Existem dúvidas, no entanto, quanto à identificação dos sul-americanos com os projetos de integração regional – muitos dos quais sequer conhecem essas iniciativas –, e quanto à viabilidade de se forjar uma identidade transnacional entre os sul-americanos. Pesquisas de opinião pública auxiliam essas análises, à luz de alguns pressupostos da sociologia e do construtivismo social. / The construction of regions and collective identities is an ancient phenomenon. Europe and Latin America, for example, are concepts built throughout history, as well as European and Latin American identities. This research aims to verify if there is an imagined community among the South Americans, founded on a group consciousness that transcends national boundaries. South America today is no longer just a geographic cut in the map. South American intergovernmental institutions, such as MERCOSUR, UNASUR and ACTO, among others, constitute a still incipient, although real, South American sphere of public governance that complements the traditional national and subnational spheres of government. Gradually, these regional institutions enable the planning of public policies from a joint view of South America, at the same time as an autonomous system and as a subsystem of Latin America and the American continent. The institutionalization of South America is empirically proven. However, there are doubts as to the identification of South Americans with the integration projects underway, as well as the feasibility of manufacturing a transnational identity among South Americans. Public opinion surveys contribute to the analysis, based on assumptions of sociology and social constructivism

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Latino youth experience factors unique to their own ethnicity, and it is partly these factors which play a significant role in their decision to engage in delinquent activity. Perpetual bias, criminalization, and punitive punishment at the hands of those with authoritative power also contribute to Latino youth’s decisions to engage in delinquent activity as a coping mechanism. Although trends in Latino youth crime have been decreasing and are presently at historic lows, an analysis of the factors that drive the respective trends will allow insight into creating policy suggestions to benefit the growing Latino community as a whole. Motivation to reduce trends in Latino youth crime primarily through a deep understanding of the culture include utilized its strengths to successfully rehabilitate and nurture at-risk youth. Implementation of community-based groups in at-risk neighborhoods should be the first step to laying the groundwork of reducing Latino youth crime.

This thesis consists of two major components. It begins with an analytical essay that discusses the three final plays I wrote during my time at the University of Texas at Austin (White Tie Ball, The Making of a Modern Folk Hero, and A.I.M.). The essay also places these plays within the context of my larger journey as a writer during my graduate coursework. Specifically, the essay addresses the different strategies I employed to effectively integrate my characters’ pursuit of their very personal objectives with the politics of the world in each play. Immediately, following this analytical essay are the three plays in question placed in the order in which I wrote them. / text

The following thesis argues that in order to reach underrepresented communities, preservation efforts must be engaged at the local level. A way to begin to do this is to utilize analytical methods that find value in the ordinary and affirm the dynamic and referential character of buildings and the values we ascribe to them. Applying these methods to increasingly challenging preservation projects can help shape a broader yet more acute representation of our shared heritage. The thesis begins with a review of the American Latino Heritage Initiative within the framework of the Westside neighborhood of San Antonio, Texas. Intended as a large-scale effort to bring attention to the role of “Latinos” in the U.S., the initiative is evaluated for its efficacy at the local level. The interface of national goals and local needs, general characterizations and specific qualities, and standardized processes with particular circumstances brings forth the challenges of preserving places, which the current preservation system was not designed to protect. Mexican and Mexican American communities established an important cultural and physical center in San Antonio at the beginning of the 20th century. While some of the physical remnants of this rich history have been lost, others endure in the people and buildings that inhabit the Westside. Valuable local preservation initiatives have helped record their stories and highlight their significance. Nevertheless, formal preservation organizations have, until recently, failed to recognize the significance of the Mexican American heritage of the Westside. In recent years, the San Antonio Office of Historic Preservation and local groups have collaborated to begin to designate landmarks in the Westside. This thesis examines five of these buildings with the intent of identifying what makes them stand out as important landmarks in the community. Analytical mapping considers the spatial relationships between the buildings and their surrounding areas, and temporal mapping examines the change in use of each case study. A typology of values is generated from this analysis categorizing the distinguishing characteristics of the buildings. Together these exploratory methods start to define a language that goes beyond historical and aesthetic significance to recognize social, cultural and use values.

September 11th 2001 led to an increase in the intensity of the already existing discourses surrounding what it means to be an American, with a particular focus on the Southern border of the United States and Mexican immigration as a perceived threat to national security. This study seeks to address the Latino threat narrative (Chavez, 2008) through measuring how perceptions of stereotypes and realistic and symbolic threat differ as a function of foreigness using a 2 (positive vs. negative scenario) x 4 (Mexican American, undocumented immigrant, Latino and Anglo) design. / text

Packer and Goicoechea (2000) and Wortham (2006) propose that academic learning is both personal and social transformation. This transformation is continuously negotiated through classroom interaction and curricular choices. The current ethnographic study of an urban southwestern charter high school investigates academic learning in two contexts: a Spanish heritage-language (SHL) class and a humanities class.The study examines Mexican-origin students' resistance to studying their ancestral language. From the first day of their SHL class, students refused to speak Spanish (despite their proficiency), rejected published Spanish-language materials, and acted out. Student resistance was rooted in their perceived lack of relevant tasks and materials, teacher-respect for their home language and culture, and student belief that learning "proper Spanish" could threaten social and familial relationships (see also Fordham & Ogbu, 1986; Labov, 1972a; Mehan, Hubbard, & Villanueva, 1994).The resistance of the heritage language learners contrasts sharply with the engagement of the same students in their Humanities course in which students connect enthusiastically with subject matter and instructor. Findings suggest that engagement was fostered through the teacher's strict adherence to the principles of place-based learning (Gruenewald, 2003a, 2003b), critical democratic pedagogy (Shor, 1992), and the instructor's teacher ethos.Latinos have the greatest high school dropout rate in the United States while simultaneously being the largest growing demographic group (Carreira, 2003; "US Census Report," 2004; Waggoner, 2000). The pairing of these two statistics should draw alarm. Thus the study of Latino student engagement and resistance to academic learning is crucial for understanding this problem as well as exploring what pedagogies hold most promise. In terms of HL instruction, analyses reveal that a critical place-based approach to heritage-language instruction holds such promise.

Evidence continues to demonstrate that racial/ethnic minority groups experience a disproportionate burden of disease and mortality in cardiovascular-related diseases (CVDs). However, emerging evidence suggests a health advantage for Latinos despite a high risk profile. The current study explored the hospital utilization trends of Latino and non-Latino patients and examined the possibility of an advantage for Latinos within the context of CVD-related events with retrospective data collected over a 12-month period from a local safety-net hospital. Contrary to my hypotheses, there was no advantage for in-hospital mortality, length of stay or re-admission in Latinos compared to non-Latinos; rather, Latinos hospitalized for a CVD-related event had a significantly longer length of stay and had greater odds for re-admission when compared to non-Latinos. Despite data suggesting a general health advantage, Latinos may experience a relative disparity within the context of hospital utilization for CVD-related events. Findings have implications for understanding the hospital utilization trends of Latinos following a CVD-related event and suggest a call for action to advance understanding of Latino cardiovascular health.

Thesis advisor: Lisa Cahill / This dissertation investigates the relationship between religious aesthetics and justice in the pursuit of the societal common good. The orienting problem of the work is the tensive relationship between maintaining political stability and meaningful engagement with religious particularity in order to foster robust democratic participation, especially among communities that have been historically marginalized in American public life. This project interrogates the relationship between religion in public life through the specific locus of religious aesthetics: what role ought religious symbols—including images, narratives, music, liturgical practices—play in cultivating justice, or the minimum level of solidarity required for promoting basic human dignity in society? Each chapter illuminates the significance of a particular discourse in support this project. Chapter one exposes the relevance of Guadalupe as a religious symbol in public life. Chapter two forges a dialogue with John Rawls’s political philosophy, reiterating the necessity of an adequate framework for religion in public life that prohibits the ascent of particular comprehensive doctrines to inordinate influence over society’s basic structure while critiquing his framework for religion in public life as lacking adequate viability in a public context where limitation on religion in democratic speech about the most salient societal issues hinders participation of ethno-racially marginalized groups. Chapter three engages Martha Nussbaum’s response to these issues, highlighting her arguments pertaining to political emotions and aesthetics as crucial contributions to this framework. Nussbaum argues persuasively for a central relationship between emotions and cognition and, further, makes a convincing statement of the significance of aesthetics—primarily literature—in the cultivation of political emotion. Yet, Nussbaum’s work makes an unnecessary demand on religion in public life: that it be viewed as “civic poetry.” While this framework is less restrictive than Rawls’s framework, it does not yet articulate a robust appreciation of the positive meanings of religious pluralism, especially among individuals and communities for whom religious and public arguments are intertwined. Chapter four offers Alejandro García-Rivera’s theological aesthetics as a crucial component to an adequate framework for forming community across difference. García-Rivera offers the basis for a more inclusive framework for religion in public life, however, his lack of substantive engagement with ethical issues pertaining to justice demands attention. With these pieces in place, the fifth chapter knits together this set of insights toward a more adequate framework for engaging religious pluralism in liberal context: aesthetic solidarity. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Theology.

Thesis advisor: Marilynn Johnson / Notorious for bursting into flames, twentieth century Chelsea was a “city under fire.” Cast into the crossfire of industrialization and demographic flux, Chelsea suffered as people, industry, and financial assistance migrated in and out of the small city. Chelsea’s unique spectrum of urban problems, however, only explains the trials and tribulations leading up to the Great Fires of 1908 and 1973 and not the events created by them. In Chelsea, escalating urban crisis occurred simultaneously with rapidly growing immigrant populations. In the years before the fire of 1908, Jewish immigration pushed Chelsea to the brink of demographic succession; likewise, in the handful of years before the fire of 1973, Latino migrations forced Chelsea to recognize the changing dynamic of a once-homogeneous city. As isolated events, the Great Fire of 1908 and the Great Fire of 1973 were urban disasters, but as decisive moments in the local history of Jewish and Latino immigrants, the fires were nodal points in the interplay between urban-industrial life, urban crisis and immigration. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: History Honors Program. / Discipline: History.