This thesis examines views on reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and how these have changed over time, in an attempt to elucidate if transitional justice can promote reconciliation in the aftermath of ethnic conflict in systems that entrench ethnonational insecurity. Drawing upon literature from the field of social psychology, the paper argues that the work of transitional justice mechanisms is interpreted through a sociopsychological infrastructure of conflict which hinders the intended effects from being realized. Data from two levels of analysis is utilized, with statements made by political elites and population surveys in order to identify trends in the views on reconciliation. While there is limited positive change observed at the population level, the same cannot be said of the elites. Ultimately, the results suggest that, in the case of post-Dayton BiH, transitional justice has been unable to promote reconciliation in the aftermath of ethnic conflict.

This thesis investigates strategies of digital activism pursued by Indigenous activists in the age of Reconciliation in Canada. The point of departure is the relationship between Indigenous people and the settler establishment, which has been historically informed by several attempts to assimilate the Natives into the white majority. Discarding the integration concept in IMER research as colonial, this study focuses instead on anticolonial advocacy strategies pursued through Indigenous knowledge within digital environments. It does so by adopting digital ethnography as method and conducting participant observation of one selected Indigenous association on Instagram. In line with these premises, Indigenous theories are operationalized into a context-specific analytical framework. This approach leads to two overarching results. On the one hand, four recurrent motifs are identified as key in Indigenous digital advocacy in the age of Reconciliation in Canada. On the other hand, a full set of anticolonial strategies is recognized as the alternative response to Reconciliation.

By examining the allegorical ways which bodies are produced and their movement controlled within J.M. Coetzee’s works, Waiting for the Barbarians and Disgrace, this thesis follows the shifting paradigm of power from apartheid’s presumption of unity of the state to the rainbow nation’s constitutional declaration that its citizens are “unified in [their] diversity” and equal under the law. In my chapter on Waiting for the Barbarians, I argue that the state creates a fiction of unity which allows the state to invoke claims of emergency and suspend the law; within this suspension, an economy of sacrifice functions to cleanse the state of its misdeeds in the eyes of its citizens. In my second chapter, I argue that Disgrace’s character’s dramatize how legal equality and rituals of reconciliation fail to create unity and instead inscribes the characters into a secular economy of sacrifice and cycles of violent enmity.

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In consideration of TRC Call to Action 63.3 that asks teachers to facilitate cultural understanding, mutual respect, and empathy between First Nations and non-Indigenous students, my thesis sought to find out if a collective, collaborative, story-making activity with four Grade 5-6 students of different cultural backgrounds, including one First Nations student, could further the objectives of Call 63.3. The results of my research suggest that a collective and collaborative story-making activity does, on its own, further two of these reconciliation objectives, mutual respect, and empathy. The third objective, cultural understanding, could probably not been achieved without the intervention of a knowledgeable Indigenous adult, in my case, Annie, (a pseudonym) who was consulted by the story-makers during the scripted “mentor” part of the 12-part hero/ine’s journey story-making process. Using primarily a Posthumanist framework that also integrated some arts-based research/research-creation and critical discourse theoretical orientations for my analysis, I found that an extended focus on a single-story task by four students, not only brought them into a closer relationship with each other, thus facilitating mutual respect and empathy, it also permitted them to imagine a common vision of education. The education world they imagined, in which an educational reconciliation might be realized, was informed, in part, by Indigenous ways of knowing and teaching.

This master thesis has mainly been built on interviews with interested parties at Arcona and the installer, Nymans Elektriska, since it was decided to limit the study only to the project Glömstaskolan. The aim of the study is that Arcona should be able to report a more accurate final cost forecast to the client regarding the installer and to simplify the reconciliation for both the construction company and the installer. The background is based on the fact that installers do not calculate components and activities such as other building production, which makes it difficult to reconcile if an activity has been carried out in accordance with budget. Both parties agree that it is working hours that need to be checked, as this is where the difficulty of control lies. To be able to check real hours, knowledge of the planned number of hours is needed. The time schedule is an important tool in the project and should be included in reconciliation. Arcona and Nymans Elektriska are recommended to use existing control documents with certain appendixes for the measuring progress. / Detta examensarbete har mestadels byggts av intervjuer med berörda parter hos Arcona samt installatören Nymans Elektriska då avgränsning gjorts till att endast omfatta projekt Glömstaskolan. Syftet med studien är att Arcona ska kunna redovisa en träffsäkrare slutkostnadsprognos gentemot kunden/beställaren gällande installatören samt att underlätta för både byggföretaget och installatören kring avstämningen. Bakgrunden ligger i att installatörerna ej kalkylerar på byggdelar och aktiviteter som övrig byggproduktion, vilket då gör det svårt att stämma av om en aktivitet har genomförts i enlighet med budget. Båda parter är överens om att det är arbetstimmar som önskas följas upp, då det är där svårigheten till kontroll ligger. För att kunna följa upp verkliga timmar behövs kunskap om planerade antal timmar. Tidplanen är ett viktigt verktyg i projekt och bör involveras i avstämningen. Arcona och Nymans Elektriska rekommenderas att nyttja befintliga styrdokument med visst tillägg för mätning av framdrift.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to measure virtually-based objective structured clinical exam (OSCE) pass rates of student pharmacists who received remote, synchronous instruction on medication reconciliation compared with OSCE pass rates from the previous class, who received face to face synchronous instruction and OSCEs. The secondary objective was to measure student perceptions of remote instruction and OSCE preparation. Materials and Methods: Second year student pharmacists attended four online preparatory labs to learn and practice the process of performing a medication reconciliation. A virtually-based OSCE was used to assess student competency of identifying the primary or life-threatening medication related problem (MRP). Failing to identify the MRP represented a “kill point” and an automatic failing grade. A brief 10-item survey designed to measure student perceptions was sent to all participants post OSCE. Results: Seventy-seven students completed the OSCE and the overall pass rates were similar between the 2020 and 2019 class years (97% vs 94%, respectively; p = 0.24). Survey responses showed students lacked confidence, preferred face-to-face learning rather than online and most described their remote environments as not conducive to learning. Conclusion: Online instruction and assessment was at least as effective as traditional face-to-face methods. however the virtual-based platform was not preferred by learners.

The Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962) has generally not been talked about in France despite having around 2 million Algerians living in France. The memory of the war has been a contested issue in France between the French state's official memory and the Algerian memory. As the topic has been mainly discussed by historians and state officials, this study looks at how the young Algerians living in France obtain and deal with the memory of the Algerian War, by exploring the reinforcement of memories from the past to the present. Issues of remembering, commemorating, and reconciling are examined among the young Algerians in France who did not experience the war directly but feel strongly connected to it in the present day. ​​Placed at the intersection of Peace and Conflict Studies and Memory Studies fields, this qualitative study is based on six interviews and employs thematic analysis of the interview material. The analysis reveals the intergenerational shaping of collective memories and highlights the importance of considering both state-level policies and individual perceptions for achieving reconciliation. The study shows that research on collective memory can contribute to a deeper understanding of the ongoing struggles for recognition and acknowledgement.

Detailed gene family histories and reconciliations with species trees are a prerequisite for studying associations between genetic and phenotypic innovations. Even though the true evolutionary scenarios are usually unknown, they impose certain constraints on the mathematical structure of data obtained from simple yes/no questions in pairwise comparisons of gene sequences. Recent advances in this field have led to the development of methods for reconstructing (aspects of) the scenarios on the basis of such relation data, which can most naturally be represented by graphs on the set of considered genes. We provide here novel characterizations of best match graphs (BMGs) which capture the notion of (reciprocal) best hits based on sequence similarities. BMGs provide the basis for the detection of orthologous genes (genes that diverged after a speciation event). There are two main sources of error in pipelines for orthology inference based on BMGs. Firstly, measurement errors in the estimation of best matches from sequence similarity in general lead to violations of the characteristic properties of BMGs. The second issue concerns the reconstruction of the orthology relation from a BMG. We show how to correct estimated BMG to mathematically valid ones and how much information about orthologs is contained in BMGs. We then discuss implicit methods for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) inference that focus on pairs of genes that have diverged only after the divergence of the two species in which the genes reside. This situation defines the edge set of an undirected graph, the later-divergence-time (LDT) graph. We explore the mathematical structure of LDT graphs and show how much information about all HGT events is contained in such LDT graphs.

This formative evaluation focuses on feedback regarding a self-guided educational intervention for those at the crossroads of divorce. Entitled Should I Keep Trying to Work It Out? A Guidebook for Individuals and Couples at the Crossroads of Divorce (And Before), this Guidebook aims to help individuals minimize possible ambiguity in the decision-making process surrounding divorce. Fifty-three participants were recruited through divorce orientation education classes to provide formative feedback via brief phone surveys. Eighteen of these provided in-depth interviews for additional feedback. Though the participants in this study were largely past the crossroads of divorce, most agreed or strongly agreed that the Guidebook was helpful (61%), trustworthy (88%), helped them change some of their attitudes about divorce (67%), and helped them be more prepared for the divorce (81%). Additionally, 64% reported feeling more confident about their decision to divorce, including three noteworthy cases that cited domestic violence as their reason for divorce. Overall, this Guidebook appears to be useful to those who are contemplating divorce. Options for improving the Guidebook and introducing it earlier in the decision-making process are discussed.