Master of Science / Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering / Stacy L. Hutchinson / Urban stormwater is one of the leading causes of water quality impairment and stream channel degradation in the United States. In an effort to address the negative effects of stormwater runoff on receiving aquatic systems, Best Management Practices for stormwater, including ecologically-designed stormwater systems, are becoming more common across the urban landscape. Throughout eastern Kansas and the rest of the Midwestern United States, prairie grasses are beginning to receive attention for their potential to enhance infiltration within these systems. However, the function of vegetated stormwater systems and the influence of factors such as vegetation age on infiltration and system performance are not well understood because monitoring data for these systems is limited. When performance data is collected, it often pertains only to the hydraulic and water quality aspects of the system but neglects any assessment of the integrity of the ecosystem functions on which the system's performance is dependent. The objective of this study was to address the need for an assessment tool that considers the ecological integrity, or health, of ecologically-designed stormwater systems, as well as to fill the gap in the literature regarding the function of ecologically-designed stormwater systems in the tallgrass prairie region. Since many of the eco-based stormwater practices in the region rely upon the establishment of native prairie grasses to enhance infiltration on the site, the specific focus of this study was to gain a better understanding of infiltration processes in ecologically-designed systems and the extent of our ability to regain these processes through prairie restoration in previously disturbed urban sites. To address these objectives, two stormwater systems at different stages of vegetative maturity were examined. In general, ecosystem health scores were higher for the more mature system and could be used to guide future management decisions at both sites. Results from the hydraulic analysis indicate the function of the system may improve over the course of the growing season, but statistical relationships between system age and infiltration rate could not be established.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is one of the rare odontogenic tumours that affect the maxilo-facial regions. Skeletal myxomas are more common than soft tissue types in the facial regions. Odontogenic myxomas (OM) are non metastasizing tumours and therefore are considered benign. These lesions are known for their distinctive infiltrative nature which makes complete surgical removal a challenging task.Since the tumour occurs inside the bone and can reach a considerable size with little or no clinical manifestation, the radiologic examination remains the main method to determine the size and the extension of the tumour preoperatively.Aim of the study To assess the different imaging techniques which are currently in use for the diagnosis of the odontogenic myxomas.Materials and methods The images were retrieved from the library of the Department of Diagnostics and Radiology at the Tygerberg Oral Health Centre.Initially each of the imaging modalities was assessed independently to describe the imaging features of odontogenic myxoma on conventional radiograph,Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI). Secondly the imaging features of the three techniques were correlated and contrasted to determine the most valuable imaging modality in the diagnosis of the tumour.Results In this study we found that MRI was superior to other modalities in the ability to show and determine the true extension of the tumours. Therefore, MRI distinguished the tumour tissue from the surrounding structures and soft tissues.Myxomas were found to display characteristic patterns of growth on MRI. These patterns include lobulations and/or budding, nodulation and crevices formation.Moreover T2 weighted images deduced the contents of the tumour by emitting different signal intensities from the various components of the tumours.Additionally, characteristic pattern of contrast uptake differentiated the myxomatous, collagenous parts and presumed the nature of the trabeculae whether it is bony or fibrous.CT also showed the tumour and determined the subtle extension of the tumour into the adjacent structures and bone. Expansion and status of the cortical margin were reliably detected on CT. It also determined the pattern of growth in all tumours whether it is lobulation and/or budding, crevices formation or combination of them. In the present study this feature seemed to be a characteristic finding for all the tumours on CT. Moreover CT was able to compare densities of the tumours to surrounding muscles.Conventional radiography (CR) showed great limitations with regard to diagnostic abilities. Although it displayed the existence of the abnormality in all cases,conventional radiograph failed to detect margins and extension in most of the lesions. Therefore conventional radiograph is not reliable for presurgical assessment of the tumour or in differentiation the tumour from other benign and some malignant tumour. Conclusion In spite of the many limitations and shortcomings, conventional radiography remains the preliminary step in the diagnosis process. However digital imaging techniques provide images of great diagnostic value which is especially helpful in the diagnosis of odontogenic myxoma.

Orientador: Maria Helena Robert / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T15:19:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinheiro_FrancioniGomes_M.pdf: 4724053 bytes, checksum: 96f025d7f0e3e288c1b9b2379de497e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a viabilidade técnica da fabricação e utilização do componente de motor (espaçador do ventilador) empregando tecnologia de materiais celulares. Foi empregado processo de tixoinfiltração em pré-formas pós-removíveis de NaCl em estado livre, tendo como matéria prima a mesma liga A356.0 da peça atual (fabricada por fundição convencional). Foi projetada e construída uma nova matriz metálica para se adaptar ao novo tipo de processo. Foram analisados parâmetros de processo como a granulometria do agente bloqueador (NaCl), a proporção da liga e do agente bloqueador e a distribuição de massa do alumínio disposto na matriz. Análises da qualidade dos componentes porosos e dos benefícios na manufatura demonstraram que o processo de tixoinfiltração é tecnicamente viável, com a obtenção de produtos com peso da ordem de 50% do peso do produto convencional, e dimensões finais adequadas, eliminando processos de usinagem e reduzindo tempo de fabricação do componente. Testes de montagem e funcional demonstraram bom desempenho quando submetido às condições de compressão exercidas na montagem e em teste preliminar em motor em funcionamento. Conclui-se que o processo é viável, que produtos mais leves podem ser obtidos em menor tempo de fabricação, mas ajustes visando maior resistência à compressão são necessários e servem como sugestão para futuros estudos / Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the manufacturing and utilization of an engine component (spacer fan) produced by cellular materials technology. The process used was thixoinfiltration of the alloy A356.0 into pre-forms of loose NaCl particles. This alloy is currently used for the production of the conventional cast parts. It was design and built a new metallic tooling to fit the new process. Process parameters were analyzed as the particle size of the space holder (NaCl), the ratio of metal/space holder weight content and the alloy mass distribution inside the metallic tooling. Analysis of the quality of porous parts produced and the benefits in the new process for their manufacture showed that the thixoinfiltration process is technically feasible, resulting products with 50% lowest weight if compared with current cast part and with near net shape, eliminating machining operations and reducing the manufacturing time. Assembly and functional tests showed good performance of the porous part when submitted to conditions of compression, due to assembly and preliminary engine running test. It is possible to conclude that the thixoinfiltration process is feasible, lighter products with reduced manufactuing time can be obtained, but further process adjustments to aim compression resistance are necessary and it is left here as a suggestion for future studies / Mestrado / Manufatura / Mestre em Engenharia Automobilistica

The need for efficient, sustainable, and planned utilization of resources is ever more critical. In the U.S. alone, buildings consume 34.8 Quadrillion (1015) BTU of energy annually at a cost of $1.4 Trillion. Of this energy 58% is utilized for heating and air conditioning. Several building energy analysis tools have been developed to assess energy demands and lifecycle energy costs in buildings. Such analyses are also essential for an efficient HVAC design that overcomes the pitfalls of an under/over-designed system. DOE-2 is among the most widely known full building energy analysis models. It also constitutes the simulation engine of other prominent software such as eQUEST, EnergyPro, PowerDOE. Therefore, it is essential that DOE-2 energy simulations be characterized by high accuracy. Infiltration is an uncontrolled process through which outside air leaks into a building. Studies have estimated infiltration to account for up to 50% of a building’s energy demand. This, considered alongside the annual cost of buildings energy consumption, reveals the costs of air infiltration. It also stresses the need that prominent building energy simulation engines accurately account for its impact. In this research the relative accuracy of current air infiltration calculation methods is evaluated against an intricate Multiphysics Hygrothermal CFD building envelope analysis. The full-scale CFD analysis is based on a meticulous representation of cracking in building envelopes and on real-life conditions. The research found that even the most advanced current infiltration methods, including in DOE-2, are at up to 96.13% relative error versus CFD analysis. An Enhanced Model for Combined Heat and Air Infiltration Simulation was developed. The model resulted in 91.6% improvement in relative accuracy over current models. It reduces error versus CFD analysis to less than 4.5% while requiring less than 1% of the time required for such a complex hygrothermal analysis. The algorithm used in our model was demonstrated to be easy to integrate into DOE-2 and other engines as a standalone method for evaluating infiltration heat loads. This will vastly increase the accuracy of such simulation engines while maintaining their speed and ease of use characteristics that make them very widely used in building design.

Orientador: Milton Carlos Kuga / Resumo: O selamento dentinário na câmara pulpar é frequentemente executado após o tratamento endodôntico, o qual é chamado de selamento endodôntico tardio (SET). A irrigação com Hipoclorito de Sódio (NaOCl) tem mostrado uma redução na resistência de união entre o dente e a resina. Porém, uma nova técnica denominada Selamento Endodôntico Imediato (SEI) tem sido proposta. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia da técnica do SEI, avaliando a adaptação interna de vários sistemas adesivos na dentina. Para isso 48 molares humanos foram instrumentados e distribuídos em seis grupos (n = 8), de acordo com o tipo de sistema adesivo utilizado e o momento de execução do SEI sendo esse antes da execução do tratamento endodôntico e SET após o tratamento endodôntico. Nos grupos G1-SBM- SEI / G4-SBM-SET foi utilizado um sistema adesivo "condiciona-e-lava" de três passos (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose-SBM; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, EUA), nos grupos G2-CF-SEI / G5-CF-SET sistema adesivo autocondicionante de dois passos (Clearfil SE Bond-CF; Kuraray, Osaka, Japão) e nos grupos G3-SBU-SEI / G6-SBU- SET) sistema adesivo autocondicionante de passo único (Scotchbond Universal- SBU; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, EUA). Os dados obtidos na mensuração da penetrabilidade dos sistemas adesivos na dentina, por meio de microscopia confocal a laser, foram inicialmente submetidos ao teste de Shapiro-Wilk e, na sequência, aos testes de ANOVA e Tukey (P = 0.05). Por outro lado, os d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The dentin sealing in the pulp chamber is often performed after the endodontic treatment, which is called late endodontic sealing (SET). Irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has shown a reduction in bond strength between tooth and resin. However, a new technique called Immediate Endodontic Sealing (SEI) has been proposed. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the SEI technique by evaluating the internal adaptation of several dentin adhesive systems. For this purpose 48 human molars were instrumented and distributed in six groups (n = 8), according to the type of adhesive system used and the moment of execution of the SEI, before the endodontic treatment and SET after the endodontic treatment. In the G1-SBM-SEI / G4-SBM-SET groups a conventional three-step adhesive system (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose-SBM; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) was used. In groups G2-CF-SEI / G5-CF-SET was used as a self-etch adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond-CF; Kuraray, Osaka, Japan) and G3-SBU-SEI / G6-SBU-SET groups was used a single-step self-etch adhesive system (Scotchbond Universal-SBU; 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA).The data obtained in the measurement of the penetrability of dentin adhesive systems by laser confocal microscopy were initially submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk test and then to the ANOVA and Tukey tests (P = 0.05). On the other hand, the data obtained in the analysis of the scores attributed to the continuity of the hybrid layer were submitted to the Kruskal ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The expansion of urban and suburban areas is a world-wide phenomena. One product of this development is a dramatic increase in impermeable surfaces and a consequent increase in stormwater runoff. Bioretention cells are one best management practice frequently used to mitigate the environmental impacts of urban stormwater runoff. To ensure that a bioretention cell will continue to perform adequately in the long term, it is imperative that the environmental conditions it will experience and their effect on its performance through time are considered during its design. Although bioretention cells are frequently used for stormwater management, very few quantitative data exist on how they perform through time and in varied physical environments. In regions with seasonal freeze-thaw cycles, it is important to understand the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the infiltration rate of bioretention cell soil mixtures so that the integrity of the design will not be compromised by seasonal change. This project uses laboratory tests to investigate the effects of freeze-thaw cycles and sediment input on the infiltration capacity of three different bioretention cell soil mixtures. These results will provide an analog for long-term changes in bioretention cell infiltration rates due to freeze-thaw cycles, providing critical data on which soil mixture would be best implemented in geographic regions susceptible to freeze-thaw activity. Furthermore these results will inform design standards for bioretention cells to ensure their long-term performance.

Shuqaiq-II IWP is a combined RO water desalination and power plant facility. It operates with an open intake that feeds the plant with 100,000 m3/h of raw water. The facility is located 140 km north of Jizan, in a small bay where the run-off discharges of two wadis converge. The run-off coming from the wadis are rich in alluvial sediments that dramatically decrease the raw water quality at the intake point, causing periodic shutdowns of the plant and increasing the operational cost due to membrane replacement. Subsurface water intakes are an alternative for improving raw water quality, as they provide natural filtering of the feed water as it flows through the systems. In this type of system water flow through the sediment matrix is induced and during the percolation, several physical, chemical and biological processes take place, cleaning the water from particulate matter, resulting in high quality feed water that can be directly sent to the RO process without any additional pretreatment. A full hydrogeological profile of the seabed needs to be performed in order to determine the applicability of one of these systems in each particular location. In this study, 1 km of beach area at Shuqaiq-II IWP was surveyed. Ninety-one (91) samples from the shore and offshore sediments were collected and analyzed for hydraulic conductivity, porosity and grain size distribution. The laboratory analysis showed that the construction of the seabed galleries was technically feasible, and the proposed intake system was design to meet the feed water requirements for the RO facility (530.000 m3/d). The preliminary design consists of 17 cells in total, 16 of which will be in constant operation, and 1 alternate for whenever maintenance is needed in one of the other cells. The seabed gallery design includes 5 layers of sands with a total depth of 5 m. A detailed underdrain design methodology is presented. The system would be operated at an infiltration rate of 10 m/d and an average hydraulic retention time of 7h. Each cell will have an area of 3.500 m2 that will supply 35.000 m3/d of feed water to each RO train.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23172号 / 工博第4816号 / 新制||工||1753(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 角 哲也, 准教授 竹門 康弘, 准教授 Sameh Kantoush / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

The diploma thesis deals with the study of water infiltration into soil samples with various types of clay. The soil matrix was represented by homogeneous sand; clay samples were supplied by LB Minerals, Ltd. Soil analysis with injected clays was focused on sealing ability of examined clays for possible use in construction practice for the construction of sealing objects. Electric impedance spectrometry (EIS) measuring system was used to monitor the infiltration process. The measurement was carried out by a measuring apparatus made by the solution of the international project E! 7614 of applied research in the EUREKA program within its sustainability.

The aim of this work is to design an irrigation system of park areas in a multifunctional object using rainwater. The knowledge obtained during the study was used to solve the problem. The solution is an irrigation system consisting of drip irrigation supplemented with a sprinkler irrigation system that uses rainwater for its operation. In the event of excess of rainwater, the water is disposed of by means of infiltration blocks located on the land. The benefit of this work is to show that the return on investment is acceptable in similar cases and, above all, that this investment contributes to responsibility for natural resources.