Dominant market theories analyze markets as ahistorical entities without the need for professional groups that manage crucial functions within them. This thesis, in contrast, approaches markets as historical systems that develop over time and that can be constituted in many different ways because of different historical trajectories. Different professional groups managing market routines, further, are seen as a crucial part of markets. Two concepts are introduced: “market architecture”, the specific way a market is constituted at a given time; and “market technocrats”, the seemingly disinterested third party functionaries that manage routines in markets and advocate changes in market architecture. The thesis argues that market technocrats exist because of uncertainty and lack of trust between market actors, and that they are an important part of how market architectures develop over time. It presents an analytical framework for understanding market technocrats and how they interact with and develop markets. Four different aspects of market technocrats are explored: the process of establishing market technocrats in market routines; the capture of the authority of market technocrats by other market actors; the expansionistic behavior of market technocrats; and the way changes in economic theory, as an important part of how economists with technocratic authority advocate market change, can help to explain changes in markets. These aspects are explored through four empirical papers: The Market Technocracy of Import Substitution: The Role of Asymmetric Information and The Swedish Seed Association 1880–1935; Limits of Market Technocracy: Swedish Fertilizer Research and the Crisis of Objectivity 1945–1960; Central Banks, and the Pursuit of Influence, Prestige, and Legitimacy: The Creation of the Nobel Memorial Prize; and From Market Engineering to Institutional Engineering: Reform Economics in Sweden 1950–2000. The results of the papers form the basis of a hypothetical narrative of how the role of market technocrats has changed during the 20th century. This provides a roadmap for further research in the development of markets and the role of market technocrats.

Industrial Life Insurance (ILI) was introduced in Sweden in the beginning of the 1900s. Following models already used in the United Kingdom and the United States, this insurance was specifically aimed at manual labourers, promising pension savings and compensation to surviving relatives. The insurance was an immediate success, with almost three million insurance policies in force by the mid-1900s. ILI was characterised by extensive and carefully monitored marketing practices. By managing an army of agents, the companies sold policies and collected premiums on a regular basis in the homes of the insured. The purpose of the dissertation is to analyse the development of a commercial business with social policy aspirations, and how it interacted with other social security institutions. How could ILI thrive in the emerging Swedish welfare state that, according to existing research, allowed little space for market-based welfare alternatives? The dissertation also seeks to contribute to a broader understanding of the contemporary “welfare market” in Sweden today. From a perspective of welfare formation as a social process, the emergence and expansion of ILI is interpreted as a phenomenon that has shaped, and been shaped by, the social policy arena. The insurance industry’s capacity to adapt to the changing ambitions of the state in this arena is emphasised. Furthermore, its leading representatives’ ability to continuously locate the role of life insurance in the shifting landscape of social policy is underlined. By locating welfare in separate but complementary public and private spheres, the industry contributed to the shaping of the compulsory pension scheme introduced in 1913 and the overall regulation of insurance in the mid-twentieth century. The social security of Swedish citizens was now to be ensured according to the vision of complementary spheres that the insurance industry had advocated for almost fifty years. The insurance companies’ commercial activities are analysed as a form of governmentality, where the agency system is scrutinized as an interventionist practice that created a long lasting relationship between the companies and the working classes. The dissertation shows how the industrialists’ role as “insurance experts” was used to influence public policies. As public figures and experts on various committees, representatives of the industry advocated a welfare formation that left ample space for their own business interests. The scientisation of security was also essential in creating a product where social aspirations and commercial logics could be united. The success of ILI thus rested on the interaction with the state apparatus. An arena of social policy was established where commercial companies were to be the supplier of all welfare above the level of “meagre basic security”. Through intense marketing measures, commercial actors influenced the perceptions of security and welfare. The process of welfare formation led to the internalisation of commercial ideals about social security that now constitutes an essential dimension of the Swedish welfare state.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-21T10:45:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 CESAR AUGUSTO CAVAZZOLA JUNIOR_.pdf: 1114270 bytes, checksum: b85f6badf369bfca7258a412d3285338 (MD5) CESAR AUGUSTO CAVAZZOLA JUNIOR_.pdf: 1114270 bytes, checksum: b85f6badf369bfca7258a412d3285338 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T10:45:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 CESAR AUGUSTO CAVAZZOLA JUNIOR_.pdf: 1114270 bytes, checksum: b85f6badf369bfca7258a412d3285338 (MD5) CESAR AUGUSTO CAVAZZOLA JUNIOR_.pdf: 1114270 bytes, checksum: b85f6badf369bfca7258a412d3285338 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-16 / Nenhuma / A finalidade deste trabalho é realizar uma análise acerca da construção da individualidade do homem. Isso pelo fato de que há cada vez mais um discurso em torno da sociedade, em direitos coletivos, em fraternidade e solidariedade, mas pouco de como o homem pode se valer de seus direitos individuais perante a coletividade. Nesse diálogo, haverá referências sobre o legado da modernidade e ao atual debate da pós-modernidade, sem contar com o fenômeno da multiplicação das leis e seus efeitos sociais e o fortalecimento do Estado. / The purpose of this study is to perform an analysis of the human individuality. This by the fact that more and more a speech around the society, collective rights, in fraternity and solidarity, but little of how man can makes use of their individual rights under the collective. In this dialogue, there will be references to the legacy of modernity and the current debate of postmodernity in addition to the multiplication phenomenon of laws and its social effects and the strengthening of the state.

This study is an attempt for providing a socio-historical perspective to the smart home concept that is a proposal for the future domestic sphere by the application of intelligent technologies. For achieving this attempt, the smart home is investigated with its roots within the social history of domestic technology, by posing the question of a relation between the machine house idea of modern architecture and the smart home concept as the main question of the research. After an inquiry on the smart home concept and on the future private sphere that is envisaged within it, the emergence of modern private sphere, the transformation of private sphere under the impacts of industrialization, the appearance and the social consequences of the machine house idea, the introduction of mass produced appliances to the home and the impacts of it on private sphere, the development of communication and information technologies and their domestication processes are investigated. The coconstructive relationship of technology with the private sphere is pursued throughout this investigation. The research questions of the study are answered in the light of the gained knowledge and critical perspective throughout the investigations. At the end, it is revealed that the smart home has conceptual, technical, and ideological constructive roots within the histories of the modern private sphere, modern architecture and design, and domestic communication and information technologies. It is discussed that these roots constitute the smart home as a domain of social reproduction, which also provides the ground for its conceptualization and promotion as the future domestic sphere.

Depuis les années 70, des conventions internationales renforcent l’implication des sociétés civiles dans l’aménagement de leur territoire. Au Japon, ce phénomène s’est accéléré suite au tremblement de terre de Kōbe en 1995. Il a débouché en 1998 sur la loi NPO (association à but non lucratif) qui a consolidé le rôle de la société civile dans le jeu des acteurs du territoire. Cette thèse analyse les mécanismes d’engagement de la société civile et le recours à des médiateurs qui s’appuient sur les relations spécifiques de la société nippone à son environnement (milieu japonais), et enquête sur l’apparition de nouvelles formes de gouvernances des territoires. Afin de répondre à cette problématique, il est étudié dans un premier temps l‘émergence du rôle de la société civile, grâce à la médiation dans l’aménagement du territoire au Japon, en montrant comment ces phénomènes s’ancrent pour partie sur certaines logiques traditionnelles, mais également sur des évolutions internationales. Puis, dans un deuxième temps, à partir de l’étude de trois pratiques de médiateurs d’ingénierie sociale : KUWAKO Toshio (philosophe), YAMAZAKI Ryō (paysagiste) et KOIZUMI Hideki (urbaniste), il est observé comment les techniques de médiations inspirées pour partie de techniques étrangères sont assimilées et réajustées pour répondre aux besoins de la société nippone. Cette thèse précise ainsi la porosité entre l’autochtonie et les transferts de méthodes de gouvernance internationale ; elle met en évidence comment les volontés internationales d’implication des sociétés civiles s’inscrivent dans les logiques du milieu japonais. En conclusion, une tentative de mise en perspective des données de la thèse est recherchée à partir de l’énoncé d’une philosophie politique du paysage. / Since the 1970s, international conventions have reinforced the involvement of civil societies in the development of their territories. In Japan, this phenomenon was accelerated further to the Kōbe earthquake in 1995. In 1998, it led to the NPO (Non Profitable Organization), which consolidated the role of civil society in the stakeholders' territory. This thesis analyzes the mechanisms of civil society engagement and the use of mediators who rely on the specific relation between Japanese society and its environment (Japanese milieu), and investigates the emergence of new forms of territorial governance. In order to answer this problematic, we first study the emergence of the role of civil society through mediation in territorial planning in Japan, showing how these phenomena are partly based on certain logics, but also on international developments. Then, from the study of three practices of mediators of social engineering: KUWAKO Toshio (Philosopher), YAMAZAKI Ryō (Landscape Architect) and KOIZUMI Hideki (Urban Planner), it is observed how the techniques of mediations inspired part of foreign techniques are assimilated and readjusted to meet the needs of Japanese society. This thesis explains the porosity between autochthony and the transfer of methods of international governance. It highlights how the international will to involve civil societies is part of the logic of the Japanese milieu. In conclusion, an attempt to put into perspective the data of the thesis is sought from the statement of a political philosophy of landscape.

This dissertation describes information as an economic object and focuses on information security with reference to all technical and social aspects and documents the necessity to consider both those areas simultaneously. The dissertation determines information security standards and describes some tools being used for effective data protection and information systems protection. One part of this dissertation is a model design for effective controlling of data and process protection, which can be used by bank managers on process control design especially in transaction processing area. This model is divided into several logical and consequential blocks and provides help to operating managers to design or redesign new or existing processes accordingly. The dissertation clearly highlights related insufficiencies especially those related to data access protection and passwords and one related survey has been performed to prove that

This theses concerns with social engineering and defense against it. Social engineering attacks represents significant threat for organizations and their information systems, especially because they target weakest link in information systems security, its users. That way attacker can easily bypass even highly sophisticated security system. This theses tries to deal with question, how to effectively secure human factor of information system.

The artist discusses his Master of Fine Arts thesis exhibition “the emotional plague” held at the Reese Museum in Johnson City, Tennessee from March 2nd through March 27th, 2020 in which he examines a number of literary and invented narrative subjects influenced by science fiction, Surrealism and the current political climate in an attempt to reconcile the social and the personal through the creative act. Largely improvisational in their conception, the paintings and drawings in this exhibition reflect ideas derived from writers, thinkers and artists including Wilhelm Reich, J.G. Ballard, W.S. Burroughs and Goya, all distilled through the uncertain territory of Raynolds’ personal, internal landscape. He utilizes an amalgam of characters, tropes, and stories as metaphorical expressions of social psychosis and decay.

A system is only as secure as the weakest link in the chain. Humans are the binding link between IT (information technology) security and physical secu-rity. In general, the human is often considered as the weakest link in the chain, so social engineering attacks are used to manipulate or trick people to accom-plish the goal of bypassing security systems. Within this master thesis, we answer several research questions related to social engineering. Most im-portant is to find out why humans are considered as the weakest link and why existing guidelines are failing, as well as to achieve the goal of raising aware-ness and starting education at a young age. For this, we examine existing lit-erature on the subject and create experiments, an interview, a campaign eval-uation, and a survey. Our systematic work begins with an introduction, the methodology, a definition of social engineering and explanations of state-of-the-art social engineering methods. The theoretical part of this thesis also in-cludes ethical and psychological aspects and an evaluation of existing guide-lines with a review of why they are not successful.Furthermore, we continue with the practical part. An interview with a profes-sional security consultant focusing on social engineering from our collabora-tion company TÜV TRUST IT GmbH (TÜV AUSTRIA Group)1 is con-ducted. A significant part here deals with awareness-raising overall, espe-cially at a younger age. Additionally, the countermeasures against each dif-ferent social engineering method are analysed. Another practical part is the evaluation of existing social engineering campaigns2 from TÜV TRUST IT GmbH TÜV AUSTRIA Group to see how dangerous and effective social en-gineering has been in the past. From experience gained in this thesis, guide-lines on dealing with social engineering are discussed before the thesis is fi-nalized with results, the conclusion and possible future work.

Certificate Authorities (CAs) carry a huge responsibility in today's internet security landscape as they issue certificates that establish secure end-to-end connections. This thesis conducts a policy review and survey of CAs' Certificate Policies and Certificate Practice Statements to find similarities and differences that could lead to possible vulnerabilities. Based on this, the thesis then presents a taxonomy-based analysis as well as comparisons of the top CAs to the Baseline Requirements. The main areas of the policies that were focused on are the issuance, revocation and expiration practices of the top 30 CAs as determined by the use of Tranco's list. We also determine the top CA groups, meaning the CAs whose policies are being used by the most other CAs as well as including a top 100 CAs list. The study suggests that the most popular CAs hold such a position because of two main reasons: they are easy to acquire and/or because they are connected to several other CAs.  The results suggest that some of the biggest vulnerabilities in the policies are what the CAs do not mention in any section as it puts the CA at risk for vulnerabilities. The results also suggest that the most dangerous attacks are social engineering attacks, as some of the stipulations for issuance and revocations make it possible to pretend to be the entity of subscribes to the certificate rather than a malicious one.