Thesis advisor: Penelope Ismay / This dissertation explores medical professionalization, public health, and vaccination in England, India, and Jamaica in the nineteenth century. England was the site of the most sustained anti-vaccination agitation of any British possession in the second half of the nineteenth century. Yet by the early twentieth century, the medical profession was a trusted authority and vaccination enjoyed wide public support. In India and Jamaica, we find the opposite. India and Jamaica did not have organized resistance to vaccination on the scale of England, yet vaccination and public health floundered in both areas. In England and the Empire, doctors had a trust problem. New technology and expanding health legislation sparked backlash against the medical community. How doctors responded to that backlash shaped public health and influenced medical authority into the twentieth century. By analyzing the role of trust in the process of medical professionalization in a comparative framework, my dissertation allows us to analyze how medical authority is created and functions in society. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History.

Bibliografický záznam FEDORKOVÁ, Marta. Parent-child relationship as a factor in the genesis of trust: An analysis of intergenerational transmission of generalized trust on the case of Husák's children. Praha, 2013. 78 s. Diplomová práce (Mgr.) Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut sociologických studií. Vedoucí diplomové práce Mgr. Jiří Remr, Ph.D., MBA Abstract This thesis extends the developing research on the sources of generalized trust by analyzing how the character of the parent-child relationship influences its formation and transfer - an aspect of trust genesis not previously addressed in the Czech context. Using data from a unique survey Distinctions and Values 2008, we explore the heterogeneity in the parental influence on trust on the case of Czech 30- year-olds and their parents. We first delimit the concept of generalized trust, presenting its most relevant current conceptualizations as well as a review of the current state of knowledge on its origins and transmission. Using Bengston's model of intergenerational transmission of values as our framework, we then in the second part of the paper look into the degree of similarity between parents and their offspring in terms of their willingness to trust others, and use logistic ordinal regression to examine how it is influenced by a...

This article describes the testing of a model that proposes that people's beliefs regarding the effectiveness of hazard preparedness interact with social context factors (community participation, collective efficacy, empowerment and trust) to influence levels of hazard preparedness. Using data obtained from people living in coastal communities in Alaska and Oregon that are susceptible to experiencing tsunami, structural equation modelling analyses confirmed the ability of the model to help account for differences in levels of tsunami preparedness. Analysis revealed that community members and civic agencies influence preparedness in ways that are independent of the information provided per se. The model suggests that, to encourage people to prepare, outreach strategies must (a) encourage community members to discuss tsunami hazard issues and to identify the resources and information they need to deal with the consequences a tsunami would pose for them and (b) ensure that the community-agency relationship is complementary and empowering.

We investigate the problem of establishing trust in service-oriented environments. We focus on providing a reputation framework that would enable trust-based interactions with and amongst Web services. We define methods for the creation of reputation information, its collection, and assessment that are robust in the face of a variety of attacks. Our framework (denoted RATEWeb) supports a cooperative model in which Web services share their experiences of the service providers with their peers through feedback ratings. The different ratings are aggregated to derive a service provider's reputation. This in turn is used to evaluate trust. For situations where rater feedbacks are scarce, we use statistical forecasting (particularly, a Hidden Markov Model) to ascertain trust. The approaches and techniques developed under the RATEWeb framework facilitate the optimal selection and/or composition of Web services based on service reputations. We conduct an extensive performance study (analytical and experimental) to assess the fairness and accuracy of the proposed techniques. / Ph. D.

This dissertation consists of three studies that examine online communications during crisis events. The first study identified and examined the information sources that provided official information online during the 2014 Carlton Complex Wildfire. Specifically, after the wildfire, a set of webpages and social media accounts were discovered that were named after the wildfire—called Crisis Named Resources (or CNRs). CNRs shared the highest percentage of wildfire-relevant information. Because CNRs are named after a crisis event, they are easier to find and appear to be dedicated and/or official sources around an event. They can, however, be created and deleted in a short time, and the creators of CNRs are often unknown, which raises questions of trust and credibility regarding the information CNRs provide. To better understand the role of CNRs in crisis response, the second study examined CNRs that were named after the 2016 Fort McMurray Wildfire. Findings showed that many CNRs were created around the wildfire, most of which either became inactive or were closed after the wildfire containment. These CNRs shared wildfire-relevant information and served a variety of purposes from information dissemination to offers of help to expressions of solidarity. Additionally, even though most CNR owners remained anonymous, these resources received good reviews and were followed by many people. These observations about CNRs laid the foundation for the third study that sought to determine the factors that influence the trustworthiness of these resources. The third study involved 17 interviews and 105 surveys with members of the public and experts in Crisis Informatics, Communication Studies, and Emergency Management. Participants were asked to evaluate the trustworthiness of CNRs that were named after the 2017 Hurricane Irma. Findings indicate that participants evaluated the trustworthiness of CNRs based on their perceptions of CNR content, information source(s), owner, and profile.

abstract: With the growth of autonomous vehicles’ prevalence, it is important to understand the relationship between autonomous vehicles and the other drivers around them. More specifically, how does one’s knowledge about autonomous vehicles (AV) affect positive and negative affect towards driving in their presence? Furthermore, how does trust of autonomous vehicles correlate with those emotions? These questions were addressed by conducting a survey to measure participant’s positive affect, negative affect, and trust when driving in the presence of autonomous vehicles. Participants’ were issued a pretest measuring existing knowledge of autonomous vehicles, followed by measures of affect and trust. After completing this pre-test portion of the study, participants were given information about how autonomous vehicles work, and were then presented with a posttest identical to the pretest. The educational intervention had no effect on positive or negative affect, though there was a positive relationship between positive affect and trust and a negative relationship between negative affect and trust. These findings will be used to inform future research endeavors researching trust and autonomous vehicles using a test bed developed at Arizona State University. This test bed allows for researchers to examine the behavior of multiple participants at the same time and include autonomous vehicles in studies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Human Systems Engineering 2019

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Past research has confirmed the importance of structural and individual-level factors in predicting voter turnout and citizen trust in the government. In international research particularly, political corruption has been shown to negatively affect citizen trust, though the effect of corruption on voter turnout is mixed. To date, no research has examined the effect of corruption on voting and government trust in the United States over a relatively long period of time. In this dissertation, I aim to answer two primary research questions: how U.S. corruption affects voting and how it affects citizen trust in the government. Using many sources of data for state-level variables, and the American National Election Study (NES) for individual-level variables, I investigate these relationships using multilevel modeling (MLM) of forty-six states and approximately 22,000 individuals in my analysis of voting and forty-one states and about 7,000 individuals in my analysis of political trust. I find that corruption has a small, but significant, negative effect on voting. Surprisingly, I find no effect of corruption on a citizen’s political trust, even after assessing the impact of corruption on four other specifications of trust. I also investigate cross-level interaction effects for each analysis, and find no significant results. I conclude with a discussion of possible explanations for these findings, make policy recommendations with the knowledge gained from this research, and offer suggestions for future investigations.

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This research examines the difference in civic participation between Korean and Canadian citizens in two categories – social engagement (participation in general social groups) and political activity by using the Korea Social Integration Survey (SIS) and the Canadian General Social Survey (GSS). According to the results of this study, Canadians show higher social engagement than Koreans, while Koreans exhibit higher political activity, showing higher combined civic participation between individual citizens. This heightened civic participation by Koreans also reflects a stronger sense of collectivism. The results of the analysis on the effect of civic participation for each country show that, in Korea, both trust and sense of belonging were positively associated while in Canada, trust was negatively associated, and sense of belonging more positively associated than in Korea. The difference between the two countries can be attributed to the negative association found in institutional confidence as well. In Canada, active participation in politics implies that civic participation is part of more forward-looking action that shows greater individual preference and intention in comparison to civic participation of Korean citizens influenced more by collectivism. As such, this research implies that Korea needs to enhance individual civic identity in order to overcome collectivism. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)