Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Šiame magistro darbe nagrinėti pažeidėjo gautos naudos išreikalavimo, kaip civilinio teisių gynimo būdo, ypatumai. Pirmoje darbo dalyje pateikiamas nagrinėjamos temos koncepcinis įvertinimas ir kiti bendrieji klausimai. Išaiškinta, kad pažeidėjo gauta nauda gali būti išreikalauta pagal žalos atlyginimo taisykles. Būtent, vadovaujantis CK 6.249 straipsnio 2 dalimi, pažeidėjo gauta nauda pripažįstama nukentėjusiojo nuostoliais tiek, kiek nukentejusiojo netiesioginiai nuostoliai atitinka pažeidėjo gautą naudą. Likusi dalis išreikalaujama remiantis turto gavimo be pagrindo ir nepagrįsto praturtėjimo normomis. Antrojoje dalyje išanalizuotos bendrosios pažeidėjo gautos naudos išreikalavimo, kaip civilinio teisių gynimo būdo, taikymo pagrindai ir sąlygos. Prieita prie išvados, kad kaltė negali būti būtina sąlyga taikant nepagrįsto praturtėjimo normas. Pateikta analizė, kad subsidiarus nepagrįsto praturtėjimo taikymas turi būti suprantamas taip: pirmiausia turi būti remiamasi civilinės atsakomybės normomis, jei jų taikymas negalimas arba nepasiekiamas norimas rezultatas, papildomai taikomos nepagrįsto praturtėjimo normos jam pasiekti. Trečioji dalis skirta veiksnių, turinčių įtakos pažeidėjo gautos naudos dydžiui, analizei. Nurodoma, kad gauta nauda turi būti suprantama ne tik kaip turto padidėjimas, bet ir nesumažėjimas. Motyvuojama, kad priklausomai nuo neteisėtų veiksmų pobūdžio, gautos naudos išraiškos forma gali būti tiek kaina, tiek vertė. Tam, kad nebūtų pernelyg išplečiamos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The subject matter of the article is to reveal the issues of an account of profits remedy. The substance of aforementioned remedy is considered in the first part of this article. It is asserted that profit made by wrongful conduct must be claimed in accordance to the essential function of civil liability – compensation. Article 6.249 part 2 of Lithuanian Civil code operates to strip a defendant that amount of profit which coincides with the plaintiff‘s indirect damages. The rest profit made by wrongful conduct is reversed by action in unjustified enrichment. The circumstances in which annotated remedy is available is rationalised and explained in the second part of the article. One of the drawn conclusions is that fault can not be a prerequisite for action based on unjustified enrichment. It is submitted that subsidiarity denotes the subordination of action in unjustified enrichment where another claim in fact offers a claimant a basis of recovery. However, the action in unjustified enrichment must not be excluded when the claimant is barred to recover his loss by the primary action. Third part of this article introduces the essential yardsticks which determine the measurement of profit accrued to the defendant. It is preferred that the profit accrued to the defendant should be measured by actual profit made and, then appropriate, by expense saved. It is proved that the benefit conferred on the defendant is measured either by market value or price received. The measurement... [to full text]

Hos grisar finner man flera stereotypiska beteenden, som rörbitning och svansbitning. Dessa beteenden är relativt vanliga hos grisar. En miljöberikning definieras som förbättring av ett djurs välfärd, både psykologisk och fysiologiskt, genom förändringar hos djurets omgivning. Denna studie har undersökt om miljöberikningar kan minska stereotypiska beteenden hos grisar. De två olika miljöberikningar som har använts är en jutesäck fylld med halm och en Jolly Ball™. De tre stereotypiska beteendena som studerades var rörbitning, svansbitning och bukmassage. Studien utfördes på 107st grisar uppdelade på 12 boxar, under totalt tre veckor. Alla tre stereotypiska beteenden minskade statistiskt signifikant . Detta visar att båda miljöberikningarna hade en positiv effekt på grisarna då de minskade deras stereotypiska beteenden. De interagerade mer med jutesäcken fylld med halm än vad det gjorde med Jolly Ball™.  Grisarna föredrog den miljöberikningen som var omformbar, förstörbar, ätbar, tuggbar, vilket går i linje med liknande studier. / Among fattening pigs you find several stereotypical behaviours, such as bar-biting and tail-biting. These behaviours are quite common among domestic pigs. Environmental enrichments are often used to reduce stereotypical behaviours in animals.  An environmental enrichment is defined as an improvement of an animal’s welfare, both psychologically and physiologically, through changes in the environment of the animal. With this study, different environmental enrichments were studied to see if they can reduce stereotypical behaviour among fattening pigs. The two different environmental enrichments used were a jute sack filled with straw and a Jolly Ball™. The stereotypical behaviours that were looked at were bar-biting, tail-biting and belly-nosing. The study was carried out on 107 pigs divided into 12 pig boxes, during 3 weeks in total. All three stereotypical behaviours decreased significantly. This shows that the environmental enrichments had a positive effect on the pigs, since they reduced their stereotypical behaviour. The pigs interacted more with the jute sack than they did with the Jolly Ball™.  The pigs preferred the environmental enrichment that was destructible, edible, deformable and chewable, which fits well into similar studies that have been executed.

Chemical composition of particles and rain water at three sites in Turkey were extensively compared to determine if there is a relationship between aerosol and rain composition. If such relationship exists, it can allow one to construct rain water composition using aerosol data. This is important because, rain composition data is scarce as sampling and analysis of very low concentrations of elements and ions in rain water is more difficult compared to sampling and analysis of atmospheric aerosol. Results showed that aerosol composition can be closely reflected in composition of rain water if below cloud processes dominate over the incloud processes. This is clearly observed for crustal elements in all stations and for most of the elements in urban Ankara station. However, in rural stations there were differences in rain and aerosol that is attributed to significant contribution from in cloud processes. Seasonal patterns and enrichment factors observed in aerosol composition showed general agreement with corresponding temporal variations observed in rain water concentrations of elements, but short term variations became visible only if data is averaged over a long period of time. These observations suggest that certain features of rain water composition can be constructed from if concentration data is available for aerosols. However it should be noted that there are also significant differences between stations and between elements or element groups, indicating that composition of rain water constructed from aerosol data can only be a crude one. Similarities between rain and aerosol compositions is more pronounced in urban Ankara station compared to rural stations used in this study. Factor analysis performed to aerosol and rain water data sets showed that source types affecting chemical composition of rain and particles are generally the same, bur contribution of each source type to rain and aerosol composition shows differences. Similarly, the source regions, defined by potential source contribution function, affecting aerosol and rain compositions are not identical. In Antalya station Source regions affecting chemical composition of rain water are more local compared to source regions affecting composition of aerosol. Same difference is not observed in Amasra station. Scavenging ratios is found to be a suitable tool to construct rain water composition using aerosol data. Scavenging ratios calculated using paired daily data are more variable both between stations and within a station. Long-term averaged data was found to be more reliable for calculating SRs of elements and ions at all stations.

Lic.-avh. Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksUniversity. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Freiburg im Breisgau, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Schema and ontology matching play an important part in the field of data integration and semantic web. Given two heterogeneous data sources, meta data matching usually constitutes the first step in the data integration workflow, which refers to the analysis and comparison of two input resources like schemas or ontologies. The result is a list of correspondences between the two schemas or ontologies, which is often called mapping or alignment. Many tools and research approaches have been proposed to automatically determine those correspondences. However, most match tools do not provide any information about the relation type that holds between matching concepts, for the simple but important reason that most common match strategies are too simple and heuristic to allow any sophisticated relation type determination. Knowing the specific type holding between two concepts, e.g., whether they are in an equality, subsumption (is-a) or part-of relation, is very important for advanced data integration tasks, such as ontology merging or ontology evolution. It is also very important for mappings in the biological or biomedical domain, where is-a and part-of relations may exceed the number of equality correspondences by far. Such more expressive mappings allow much better integration results and have scarcely been in the focus of research so far. In this doctoral thesis, the determination of the correspondence types in a given mapping is the focus of interest, which is referred to as semantic mapping enrichment. We introduce and present the mapping enrichment tool STROMA, which obtains a pre-calculated schema or ontology mapping and for each correspondence determines a semantic relation type. In contrast to previous approaches, we will strongly focus on linguistic laws and linguistic insights. By and large, linguistics is the key for precise matching and for the determination of relation types. We will introduce various strategies that make use of these linguistic laws and are able to calculate the semantic type between two matching concepts. The observations and insights gained from this research go far beyond the field of mapping enrichment and can be also applied to schema and ontology matching in general. Since generic strategies have certain limits and may not be able to determine the relation type between more complex concepts, like a laptop and a personal computer, background knowledge plays an important role in this research as well. For example, a thesaurus can help to recognize that these two concepts are in an is-a relation. We will show how background knowledge can be effectively used in this instance, how it is possible to draw conclusions even if a concept is not contained in it, how the relation types in complex paths can be resolved and how time complexity can be reduced by a so-called bidirectional search. The developed techniques go far beyond the background knowledge exploitation of previous approaches, and are now part of the semantic repository SemRep, a flexible and extendable system that combines different lexicographic resources. Further on, we will show how additional lexicographic resources can be developed automatically by parsing Wikipedia articles. The proposed Wikipedia relation extraction approach yields some millions of additional relations, which constitute significant additional knowledge for mapping enrichment. The extracted relations were also added to SemRep, which thus became a comprehensive background knowledge resource. To augment the quality of the repository, different techniques were used to discover and delete irrelevant semantic relations. We could show in several experiments that STROMA obtains very good results w.r.t. relation type detection. In a comparative evaluation, it was able to achieve considerably better results than related applications. This corroborates the overall usefulness and strengths of the implemented strategies, which were developed with particular emphasis on the principles and laws of linguistics.

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Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-17T12:44:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CECÍLIA ELISA DE SOUSA MUNIZ - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEQ) 2017.pdf: 1566496 bytes, checksum: 6a11f4784c5c418c014738b1b8624c76 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T12:44:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CECÍLIA ELISA DE SOUSA MUNIZ - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEQ) 2017.pdf: 1566496 bytes, checksum: 6a11f4784c5c418c014738b1b8624c76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-05 / Com os produtos tradicionais fontes de proteína se tornando mais caros a cada dia, surge a necessidade de desenvolver novos produtos alimentícios com alto valor nutricional e que ainda assim sejam de baixo custo, podendo ser consumido pela população de todas as classes econômicas. As barras de cereais já representam uma alternativa de complemento alimentar à base de carboidratos e fibras, sendo assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo elaborar barras de cereais que contenham na sua composição resíduos agroindustriais, que submetidos ao processo de enriquecimento proteico por via microbiana, irão aumentar o teor proteico e nutricional deste respectivo produto, além de torna-los mais baratos. O microrganismo utilizado foi a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, e os resíduos escolhidos para tal objetivo foram o bagaço do caju e as cascas de goiabas. Inicialmente fez-se o preparo dos resíduos, os quais foram secos em estufa com circulação de ar a 55±2°C até peso constante. A caracterização físico-química dos resíduos do caju e da goiaba mostrou que, estes poderiam ser submetidos ao processo fermentativo de enriquecimento proteico e posteriormente como ingredientes na elaboração das barras de cereais, apresentando teores suficiente de açúcares redutores, pectina e fibras, além de um pH adequado ao meio de cultivo. Para o enriquecimento proteico utilizou-se a levedura em uma concentração de 3%, para o resíduo do caju e de 5% para o resíduo da goiaba, sob temperatura de 30ºC durante 9h de cultivo. Tanto o resíduo do caju quanto o da goiaba teve o seu teor de proteína elevado em quatro vezes. Após a obtenção dos resíduos enriquecidos proteicamente foram elaboradas quatro formulações de barras de cereais, onde a aveia foi substituída parcialmente pelos resíduos agroindustriais, (F0) formulação de referência sem adição de nenhum dos resíduos, (F1) constituída apenas pelo resíduo do caju, (F2) constituída apenas pelo resíduo da goiaba e (F3) constituída pelos dois resíduos, goiaba e caju. As barras de cereais elaboradas foram caracterizadas físico-químicamente quanto ao teor de água, cinzas, lipídeos, carboidratos, proteína e fibra alimentar, apresentando resultados bastante satisfatórios, principalmente quanto ao teor de proteína, em torno de 12% para a formulação F1, valor este superior ao encontrado nas barras de cereais comercializadas no mercado. Posteriormente elas foram submetidas a análise microbiológica para verificar a ausência/presença de coliformes totais, coliformes fecais e salmonela sp., os resultados obtidos apresentaram contagens inferiores ás máximas estipuladas pela RDC n° 12 atendendo portanto, aos requisitos da legislação vigente. Por fim as formulações foram avaliadas sensorialmente em uma academia da cidade por um grupo de 40 julgadores os quais avaliaram os atributos: cor, aroma, sabor, textura e aceitação global, utilizando uma escala hedônica de 9 pontos, além da intenção de compra, utilizando uma escala hedônica de 5 pontos. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, para todas as barras de cereais analisadas pelos julgadores os quais afirmaram que gostaram moderadamente (7) e que possivelmente comprariam (4) caso elas fossem comercializadas. / With traditional sources of protein becoming more expensive every day, there is a need to develop new food products with high nutritional value that are still low cost and can be consumed by the population of all economic classes. The cereal bars already represent an alternative food complement based on carbohydrates and fibers, so, this research aims to elaborate cereal bars containing in their composition agroindustrial residues, which undergo the process of microbial protein enrichment, will increase the protein and nutritional content of this respective product, besides making them cheaper. The microorganism used was the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the residues chosen for this purpose were the cashew bagasse and the guava husks. Initially the waste was prepared, which were dried in an oven with air circulation at 55 ± 2 ° C until constant weight. The physico-chemical characterization of the cashew and guava residues showed that they could be submitted to the fermentative process of protein enrichment and later as ingredients in the elaboration of the cereal bars, presenting sufficient levels of reducing sugars, pectin and fibers, besides a pH suitable for culture medium. For protein enrichment, the yeast was used at a concentration of 3% for the cashew residue and 5% for the guava residue, at a temperature of 30 ° C for 9h of culture. Both the cashew and guava residue had their protein content elevated fourfold. After obtaining the protein enriched residues, four formulations of cereal bars were elaborated, where the oats were replaced partially by the agroindustrial residues, (F0) reference formulation without addition of none of the residues, (F1) constituted only by the cashew residue, F2) constituted only by guava residue and (F3) constituted by the two residues, guava and cashew. The elaborated cereal bars were physicochemically characterized as water, ash, lipids, carbohydrates, protein and dietary fiber, presenting satisfactory results, mainly regarding the protein content, around 12% for the formulation F1, value higher than that found in cereal bars marketed on the market. Subsequently, they were submitted to microbiological analysis to verify the absence/presence of total coliforms, fecal coliforms and salmonella sp., the results obtained were lower than the maximum stipulated by RDC n° 12, thus meeting the requirements of current legislation. Finally, the formulations were evaluated sensorially in a gymnasium of the city by a group of 40 judges who evaluated the attributes: color, aroma, flavor, texture and global acceptance, using a hedonic scale of 9 points, besides the intention to buy, using a hedonic scale of 5 points. The results obtained were satisfactory for all cereal bars analyzed by the judges who stated that they liked moderately (7) and that they would possibly buy (4) if they were marketed.

Submitted by ALETÉIA CRISTINA BERGAMIN null (aleteiaberg@gmail.com) on 2018-04-04T05:57:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_ BERGAMIN, Aletéia Cristina.pdf: 3706855 bytes, checksum: 047b75518ea9614b7662dc987d22cb16 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-04-04T20:00:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bergamin_ac_me_bauru.pdf: 3706855 bytes, checksum: 047b75518ea9614b7662dc987d22cb16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-04T20:00:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bergamin_ac_me_bauru.pdf: 3706855 bytes, checksum: 047b75518ea9614b7662dc987d22cb16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-05 / O presente trabalho, centrado em práticas educativas nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, buscou respostas e proposições para práticas docentes cada vez mais inclusivas, tendo como participantes, a pesquisadora e 22 alunos de uma turma de uma escola estadual de um município paulista. O estudo procurou compreender o fenômeno altas habilidades/ superdotação, identificar alunos com estes indicadores e desenvolver uma proposta de enriquecimento curricular que atende os mesmos, bem como todos os alunos de uma classe comum, além de elaborar uma síntese com as possíveis práticas de enriquecimento propostas descritas em formato de livro digital. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa-exploratória, com características de pesquisa ação, foi desenvolvida em três etapas. A primeira etapa caracterizada pelo processo de identificação e confirmação de altas habilidades/superdotação, teve como instrumento de coleta de dados, instrumentos pedagógicos aplicados pela pesquisadora e testes psicológicos aplicados exclusivamente por psicólogos. A segunda etapa caracterizada pela elaboração e aplicação de uma proposta de enriquecimento curricular, teve como instrumento de coleta de dados, o diário de bordo. A terceira etapa constituiu-se pelo desenvolvimento de um livro digital com orientações para que professores possam identificar e desenvolver o enriquecimento curricular por meio de sugestões de práticas voltadas para alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação em classe comum. Os resultados apontaram na primeira etapa que é possível o professor identificar alunos com indicadores de altas habilidades/superdotação. Na segunda etapa, a proposta de enriquecimento mostrouse eficiente estratégia para atender as necessidades do aluno com altas habilidades/superdotação, promover desenvolvimento aos demais e ainda identificar novos talentos. E na terceira etapa, houve a organização de situações de enriquecimento curricular que foram desenvolvidas como sugestões para outros docentes que buscam uma educação com equidade e o desenvolvimento pleno de todos os alunos. / The present work, centered on educational practices in the Early Years of Elementary School, sought answers and propositions for increasingly inclusive teaching practices, having as participants the researcher and 22 students from a class from a state school in a city of São Paulo. The study sought to understand the phenomenon of high skills / giftedness, identify students with these indicators and develop a proposal for curriculum enrichment that serves them, as well as all students of a common class, as well as elaborate a synthesis with possible enrichment practices proposed described in digital book format. The research, with qualitative-exploratory approach, with characteristics of action research, was developed in three stages. The first stage characterized by the process of identification and confirmation of high skills / giftedness, had as instrument of data collection, pedagogical instruments applied by the researcher and psychological tests applied exclusively by psychologists. The second stage, characterized by the elaboration and application of a curricular enrichment proposal, had the logbook as instrument of data collection. The third stage consisted of the development of a digital book with guidelines for teachers to identify and develop curriculum enrichment through suggestions of practices aimed at students with high skills / giftedness in common class. The results pointed out in the first step that it is possible for the teacher to identify students with indicators of high skills / giftedness. In the second stage, the enrichment proposal proved to be an efficient strategy to meet the needs of the student with high skills / giftedness, to promote development to the others and to identify new talents. And in the third stage, there was the organization of situations of curricular enrichment that were developed as suggestions for other teachers who seek an education with equity and the full development of all students.