Growing evidence suggests that chronic health conditions and disability act as reliable predictors of complementary/ alternative medicine (CAM) use. Such use may have the potential for some to increase independence and quality of life. Moreover, research indicates that older people are significant consumers of CAM services. Yet, understanding profiles of older individuals of these services continues to remain under researched. Here, a widely used type of CAM was considered – massage therapy (MT). Towards better understanding MT user profiles, this study tested a modified version of the Andersen Health Behavior Model to help ascertain if it is useful towards understanding factors associated with massage therapy (MT) utilization. Respondents represented an elderly sample (aged 60+) that resided within a large urban city in Ontario Canada (Toronto). Eligible respondents at the time of the study were non-institutionalized and self-reported having one of more current chronic illness conditions which they have had for six months or more, and had been diagnosed by a medical doctor. Using a quantitative method, retrospective data were gathered using a pre-tested English-only mail questionnaire, developed specifically for this study. Data were gathered over a period of 6 months, between late 2000 to mid 2001. Bivariate analysis suggests that inequity exists whereby the ability to access massage therapy varies according to one’s socioeconomic status. This is further supported using backwards step-wise regression analysis, whereby one’s total annual household income was a strong predictor of MT use status. One’s CAM-related health and social network as well as having back problems also emerged as strong predictors of MT use. Overall findings suggest that a modified Andersen model as used in this study does have utility in relation to helping to identify potential factors associated with the utilization of massage therapy. Based on regression analysis, findings here suggest, for example, that those with higher incomes are 1.5 times more likely to use MT. This provides support that there are existing inequities regarding access to rehabilitation-oriented health care services. With population aging and rising numbers of people needing restorative and rehabilitation services, study findings will increasingly have important public health as well as health care policy related implications.

Growing evidence suggests that chronic health conditions and disability act as reliable predictors of complementary/ alternative medicine (CAM) use. Such use may have the potential for some to increase independence and quality of life. Moreover, research indicates that older people are significant consumers of CAM services. Yet, understanding profiles of older individuals of these services continues to remain under researched. Here, a widely used type of CAM was considered – massage therapy (MT). Towards better understanding MT user profiles, this study tested a modified version of the Andersen Health Behavior Model to help ascertain if it is useful towards understanding factors associated with massage therapy (MT) utilization. Respondents represented an elderly sample (aged 60+) that resided within a large urban city in Ontario Canada (Toronto). Eligible respondents at the time of the study were non-institutionalized and self-reported having one of more current chronic illness conditions which they have had for six months or more, and had been diagnosed by a medical doctor. Using a quantitative method, retrospective data were gathered using a pre-tested English-only mail questionnaire, developed specifically for this study. Data were gathered over a period of 6 months, between late 2000 to mid 2001. Bivariate analysis suggests that inequity exists whereby the ability to access massage therapy varies according to one’s socioeconomic status. This is further supported using backwards step-wise regression analysis, whereby one’s total annual household income was a strong predictor of MT use status. One’s CAM-related health and social network as well as having back problems also emerged as strong predictors of MT use. Overall findings suggest that a modified Andersen model as used in this study does have utility in relation to helping to identify potential factors associated with the utilization of massage therapy. Based on regression analysis, findings here suggest, for example, that those with higher incomes are 1.5 times more likely to use MT. This provides support that there are existing inequities regarding access to rehabilitation-oriented health care services. With population aging and rising numbers of people needing restorative and rehabilitation services, study findings will increasingly have important public health as well as health care policy related implications.

The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on October 20, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. W. Thomas McKenney. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Odense universitet, 1980. / Summary in German. Includes bibliographical references (p. 276-[277]) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Aarhus universitet, 1991. / Summary in German. Includes bibliographical references (p. 719-731) and indexes.

Thesis (doctoral)--Aarhus universitet, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 395-411) and index.

Ph.d.-afhandlingen--Københavns Universitet, 2005. / Bibliogr. p. 297-301.

Syftet med denna studie är att analysera attityder till migration bland 15 europeiska länder år 2014/15 och undersöka vilka faktorer som kan förklara dessa skillnader. Detta genom att undersöka om attitydskillnader till migration kan förklaras av faktorer som utbildningsgrad och ekonomisk situation samt om dessa attitydskillnader kan förklaras i relation till välfärdsregimer. Baserad på data från European Social Survey Round 7, analyseras sambandet mellan attityder till migration bland länderna genom att bryta ner begreppet ”migrationsattityder” i tre aspekter; attityder avseende vilken grad människor får komma att bo i landet, attityder avseende kvalifikationer hos människor som kommer att få bo i landet och till sist attityder avseende om människor gynnar landet de tar sig till. Sambandet analyseras genom både linjär- och multipel regressionsanalys. Resultatet visar att länder som tillhör den socialdemokratiska välfärdsregimerna uppvisar mer positiva migrationsattityder i förhållande till resterande välfärdsregimer, vilket skulle kunna förklaras av deras höga grad av socialt stöd och låg social skiktning. Bland de konservativa- och liberala välfärdsregimerna är kvalifikationer hos människor som kommer till dessa länder av vikt, men att de konservativa välfärdsregimerna visar på högre solidaritetsnivåer avseende migrationsattityder. De öst- och centraleuropeiska välfärdsregimerna uppvisar mest negativa migrationsattityder i jämförelse med resterande välfärdsregimer. Vilket skulle kunna förklaras av dess låga solidaritetsnivå för immigranter som länder av den öst- och centraleuropeiska välfärdsregimen innehar. Detta i enlighet med tidigare studier. Avslutningsvis uppvisar studien att fler faktorer bör undersökas för att söka förklaring av attitydskillnader till migration, då resultatet indikerar att dessa skillnader inte ensamt kan förklaras utifrån välfärdsregimer. / The aim of this study is to analyze attitudes towards migration among 15 European countries in the year of 2014/15 and examine which factors that may explain these differences. This by examining whether attitude differences towards migration can be explained by economic and educational factors and additionally, if these differences can be explained in relation to welfare regimes. Based on data conducted by European Social Survey Round 7, this paper analyzes the correlation between attitudes towards migration among the countries by dividing the term “migration attitudes” into three aspects; attitudes concerning to what extent the country should allow people to come and live in the country, attitudes concerning how important qualifications of the people that come to live in the country and finally attitudes concerning if people that come to live in the country benefit the country in some way. The correlation is analyzed by using both linear and multiple regression. The results show that countries belonging to the Social Democratic regime show more positive migration attitudes in relation to the remaining welfare regimes, which tend to be explained by their high degree of social support and low social stratification. Both the Conservative and Liberal welfare regimes indicate that qualifications of the people that come to live in the country are important, although the Conservative welfare regimes tend to show a higher degree of solidarity for immigrants. The East and Central European welfare regimes show the most negative migration attitudes in relation to the remaining welfare regimes, which can be explained by the low degree of solidarity for immigrants in accordance with previous studies. In conclusion the study shows that more factors should be examined to seek explanation of attitude differences towards migration, as the result indicate that these differences can not solely be explained by welfare regimes.

Esta tese investiga a trajetória e a produção artística do artista norueguês radicado no Paraná, Alfredo Andersen (1860-1935) a partir de uma perspectiva históricosociológica. Nascido em Kristiansand, no sul da Noruega, o pintor teve sua formação artística realizada em ateliês particulares em seu país e na Academia de Belas Artes de Copenhagen, na Dinamarca, então locais periféricos em se tratando de Europa. A análise da sua fase norueguesa auxilia na compreensão da construção de seu esquema, em particular pela presença em sua juventude do movimento nacionalista, que trouxe para o artista, de um lado, uma visão do nacional ligada ao folk e, de outro, uma forma de ver a paisagem como um elemento identitário. A tese busca reinterpretar também sua vinda para o Brasil e sua fixação em Paranaguá, comparando as condições e alternativas que se apresentavam ao artista na Europa e as oportunidades que pode ter vislumbrado no Brasil. Rapidamente acolhido pelo meio local, Andersen desenvolve uma obra vasta e é considerado pai da pintura paranaense, mito que este estudo buscou desconstruir com o apoio de uma sociologia das biografias do pintor, que trouxe à tona os principais interessados em alçá-lo a essa condição. A tese analisou os principais gêneros praticados por Andersen dentro do contexto em que foram produzidos, buscando compreender seus significados sociais, e cada um trouxe elementos do intrincado quebra-cabeças que caracterizava a sua trajetória, repleta de tensões e ambiguidades. Com a análise da retratística foi possível compreender a função que sua arte teve para as elites locais, que se aburguesavam e buscavam distinção, e um gosto local bastante conservador. Já sua obra paisagística, que o levou a ser considerado pela historiografia como um regionalista, se mostrou um terreno fértil para perceber sua relação ambivalente com o paranismo, e a construção de uma alternativa mais autoral que desenvolveu nas marinhas. Com sua experiência social marcada pela condição de estrangeiro e pelo casamento nativo, as cenas de gênero se mostraram documentos ricos para a apreensão da sua posição na cena local e configuram uma faceta pouco valorizada e talvez a mais rica do pintor. Palavras-chave: Alfredo / This thesis investigates the trajectory and the artistic production of the Norwegian painter settled in the state of Paraná, Alfredo Andersen (1860-1935) through a historicalsociological perspective. Born in Kristiansand, Norway, the artists had his artistic training held in private studios and at the Academy of Fine Arts of Copenhagen, Denmark, then peripheral when it comes to Europe. The analysis of his norwegian phase search to comprehend the construction of his schema, and also his involvement with the nationalistic movement, which brought the artist, on the one hand, a vision of the national folk and on the other, a way of seeing landscape as an element of identity. The thesis also seeks to review his migration to Brazil and his settling in Paranaguá, by comparing the conditions and alternatives that were presented to him in Europe and the opportunities that he might have seen in Brazil. His plastic services quickly found a market, and by the importance of his work he is considered the father of Paranás painting, a myth that this study sought to deconstruct through a sociology of his biographies, that brought up the main interests behind that canonization. Also, this study analyzed the main genres painted by Andersen inside the context of their production, seeking to understand their social meanings, and each one brought elements of the intricate puzzle that characterized his trajectory, full of tensions and ambiguities, specially concerning his relation with the local elites. By analyzing portraiture, it was possible to understand the role that his art had to the rising bourgeoisie, that sought distinction, and had a conservative taste. Meanwhile, his landscapes, which led to him being considered by the historiography as a regionalist, has proved a fertile ground to see his ambivalent relationship with paranismo, and the construction of an alternative solution within his marines. With his social experience marked by the condition of beeing a foreigner and by the marriage with a native, the genre scenes were rich documents to the apprehension of his position in the local field and are perhaps the richest of the painter.

O objetivo da presente tese firmou-se na investigação de como se articula a imagem-símbolo da viagem no conto literário O companheiro de viagem, de Hans Christian Andersen, em diálogo com o conto popular norueguês O companheiro e a narrativa mítica nórdica Thor no País dos Gigantes. Para fundamentar o comparatismo literário das três narrativas, buscou-se aporte teórico na taxonomia dos símbolos presente na antropologia do imaginário, de Gilbert Durand (2012), e em outros teóricos da crítica da literatura contemporânea sobre o imaginário, o conto popular e o mito, a produção literária. Verificou-se como cada narrativa do corpus é configurada em imagens-símbolos e que algumas ressoam no conto anderseniano. A imagem compósita da viagem manifestou-se constitutiva de um esquema ascensional pela presença de um simbolismo que remete ao cume, à vitória do herói, à realização do sonho da conquista da amada e do reinado. A viagem é ascensão simbólica. Do ponto de vista da crítica literária pode-se reconhecer ainda que O companheiro de viagem é o palimpsesto no sentido que formula Gèrard Genette: um hipertexto (texto inovador) que narra um hipotexto (um texto anterior), pelo procedimento da transformação que se distingue da imitação. O conto O companheiro de viagem é (re)tecido em imagens-símbolos, configuradas em artifícios picturais, melodiosos, gestuais, visuais pela escrita. A imagem semelhantemente à vida, manifesta-se. / The aim of this thesis is based on the investigation of how is articulated the trip symbol image in the tale The travelling companion, by Hans Christian Andersen, in dialogue with the Norwegian popular tale The companion and the mythic Nordic narrative Thor in the land of giants. In order to support the literary comparatism in the three narratives, the theoretical contribution was made in the taxonomy of symbols present in the imaginary anthropology, by Gilbert Durand (2012), and other theorists of the contemporary literature criticism about the imaginary, the popular tale and the myth, the literary production. It was verified how each narrative of the corpus is configured in symbols-images and that some of them resound in the Andersenian tale. The composite image of the trip has revealed itself as constitutive of an ascended scheme by the presence of a symbolism which refers to the summit, the heros victory, the achievement of the dream of conquering the beloved woman and the realm. The trip is a symbolic ascent. From the point of view of the literary criticism, the literary tale is palimpsest in the sense of the Geràrd Genettes formulation: a hypertext (innovative text) which tells a hipotext (a previous text), by the resource of transformation that differs from imitation. However, the tale The travelling companion is (re)woven in symbols-images, configured in pictorial, melodic, gestural, visual devices by the writing. The image, similarly to life, manifests itself.