Texte remanié de: Tesi di laurea--Padova--Università degli studi, 1997. / Bibliogr. p. 247-259.

Diss.--Freiburg--Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 1996. / Bibliogr. p. 296-311.

Diss.--Wuppertal, 2001. / Bibliogr. p. 371-392.

Diss.--Geisteswissenschaftliche Fakultät--Innsbruck--Universität, 2000. Titre de soutenance : Vittoria Colonna und Michelangelo Buonarroti im Spiegel ihrer Kunst. / Bibliogr. p. [219]-223.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Texte remanié de: Th. État--Paris, 1961 ? / Bibliogr. p. 7-9. Index.

Most activities of daily living and numerous modes of physical activity incorporate some form of ambulation, of which the foot and ankle constitute the first link in the kinetic chain. A change in foot or ankle structure may therefore have subsequent effects on the superincumbent joints of the human body such as the knee, hip and lower back. Plantar pressure and impulse measurements can therefore provide greater insight into the mechanics of the foot under load-bearing conditions with regards to the areas and regions of the foot that exhibit the largest pressure values and impulse figures. Hence, it is of importance to establish normative data so as to obtain a frame of reference to identify those individuals that fall outside these norms and may exhibit a larger probability of injury. Aim and Objectives: The primary aim was to identify and compare the plantar pressure distribution patterns and impulse values of students of a South African university of different gender and race groups. To realise this aim two specific objectives were set. The first was to determine whether height, weight, body mass index (BMI), gender, race, and the level of physical activity were related to the pressure and impulse values obtained, and the second was to generate reference tables from the normative data gathered. Method: The RS Footscan system was used to measure the pressure and impulse values of the foot. The characteristics that were analysed were height, weight, body mass index and the level of physical activity of the participant and their respective association with plantar pressure and impulse values obtained. This information was then used to establish normative data. A quasi-experimental study design utilising convenience sampling was implemented as the intention was to investigate as single instance in as natural a manner as possible. Convenience sampling was used with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 180 participants were utilised in this study and were subdivided as follows: Gender: Males (n = 90); Females (n = 90); Race: African black (n = 60); white (n = 60) and coloured (n = 60). Each race group therefore comprised of 30 males and 30 females respectively. The anthropometric profile of participants was as follows: Age (S.D.) = 22.21 (S.D. ± 2.93) years; Height (S.D.) = 169.69 (S.D. ± 8.91) cm; Weight (S.D.) = 66.97 (S.D. ± 12.01) kg; BMI (S.D.) = 23.16 (S.D. ± 3.15) kg/m2. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire prior to testing that would identify all exclusion criteria consisting of: the presence of foot pain or deformity, acute lower extremity trauma, lower extremity surgery, exhibited problems of performance including eye, ear or cognitive impairment, diabetes mellitus or other neurological neuropathy, or the use of walking aids. Anthropometric measurements were then taken for those participants that qualified for the study. Participants were required to perform approximately five warm-up trials to familiarise themselves with the testing equipment before testing commenced. A total of ten successful trails were subsequently recorded for each participant, with three footprints being recorded per trial on the pressure platform, thereby comprising 30 footprints (15 left foot and 15 right foot) per participant that were analysed regarding pressure and impulse values. The two-step gait initiation protocol was implemented which was proven to be a valid and reliable means of assessing gait. Participants were instructed to walk at a comfortable walking speed between 1.19 – 1.60 m/s to ensure conformity between all participants as between-trial gait velocities were proven to be significantly variable. The foot was subdivided into ten anatomical areas focusing on the great toe, lesser toes, metatarsal 1, metatarsal 2, metatarsal 3, metatarsal 4, metatarsal 5, midfoot, medial heel and lateral heel. These ten areas were then grouped into one of three regions, namely the forefoot region (great toe, lesser toes, and all five metatarsal head areas), midfoot region (midfoot area), and rearfoot/heel region (medial and lateral heel areas). Once all relevant data was gathered, corrected and analysed it was used to establish normative data tables pertaining to the various gender and race groups. Results: Of the ten individual pressure and impulse areas, the second and third metatarsal heads demonstrated the highest mean peak pressure and impulse values. Once grouped into one of the three regions, the heel region was ascribed with the largest impulse and pressure values. It was established that statistically and practically significant racial pressure differences were apparent in the left and right forefoot and midfoot regions, with black and coloured individuals yielding the highest values, whereas white participants yielded the lowest. The same was true with regards to impulse figures in that both statistical and practical significant levels were established in the forefoot and midfoot regions. Black and coloured participants exhibited larger impulse values than the white participants. The level of physical activity was found to be associated with both pressure and impulse values over the various regions of the foot. Black individuals that were largely inactive as well as moderately active coloured participants yielded the highest pressure and impulse values, which were found to be statistically and practically significant over the forefoot regions. Conversely, white participants of all physical activity levels as well as coloured participants of both low and high physical activity levels exhibited the lowest pressure values over the forefoot region, which were also found to be statistically and practically significant. The anthropometric variables of height, weight and BMI were found to relate statistically to pressure and impulse values under the various regions of the foot, but none were found to be of any practical significance (r < .30). Conclusion: It was clearly established that both gender and race specific differences existed regarding plantar pressure and impulse values of the normal foot. Plantar pressure and impulse values were also associated with the level of physical activity of the individual, thereby indicating that the level of physical activity could be a contributing factor to altered pressure and impulse values. Anthropometric variables such as height, weight and BMI could not solely account for the variances observed in pressure and impulse. Further research is required to determine whether pressure or impulse values above or below those obtained predispose an individual to injury and to contrast between various activity or sporting codes and the effect of these on plantar pressure and impulse figures. Finally, from the collected data one was able to establish reference tables for the specific gender and race groups for both plantar pressure and impulse values. This enables one to classify individuals based on the pressure and impulse values generated.

Ce travail trouve son origine dans une carence du discours critique sur la religion dans le roman québécois et chez Anne Hébert en particulier, soit une absence d'analyse du jansénisme. Cette doctrine est pourtant considérée comme un élément structurant de la mentalité québécoise du XXe siècle. Et c'est une idée reçue, encore aujourd'hui, que l'Église du Québec en a été imprégnée. Il nous a paru qu'une étude sociopoétique, centrée sur les figures de l'ange et de la sorcière (appartenant à la fois au code catholique et au code folklorique), inscrites dans trois romans clés de notre auteure, nous permettrait d'aller plus avant sur cette question. À cette fin, notre thèse présente d'abord une typologie sommaire du jansénisme. Vient ensuite une description du paradoxe né du fait qu'une Église ultramontaine puisse être janséniste. Pour mieux comprendre le phénomène, nous esquissons l'horizon idéologique d'Anne Hébert et dégageons son projet d'écrivain pour aborder, dans un deuxième volet, les marques du phénomène janséniste dans notre corpus. Nous trouverons en filigrane, dans l'intertexte catholique et janséniste, des traces discursives du fameux manifeste des artistes: Refus global. Dans le troisième volet, notre analyse des procédés structuraux utilisés par Anne Hébert fera voir une transformation de la sorcière-magicienne en artiste-magicienne, nous amenant à constater le renversement des signes ange et sorcière, en même temps que le passage d'une dévalorisation à la valorisation de la femme et de l'art. Ce faisant, nous découvrirons enfin que la révolte d'Anne Hébert contre le mensonge et les contradictions que nous avons cherché à accentuer équivaut à une révolte contre un faux « jansénisme », c'est-à-dire contre une mentalité qui est, en grande partie à tort, considérée comme représentative des port-royalistes. Car il s'agit chez elle d'une satire de la mentalité et du discours social ultramontains qui ont, pour ainsi dire, récupéré le vocabulaire janséniste, porteur de thèmes et de motifs qui intéressaient jadis profondément les port-royalistes (et sur lesquels ceux-ci ont médité avec tant d'intégrité), mais pour le détourner. L'usage qui est fait de l'intertexte catholique et folklorique dans les trois oeuvres examinées ici opère donc bel et bien un renversement des signes chrétiens, mais il n'y a pas renversement des valeurs évangéliques. En fait, ces valeurs sont rehaussées: elles sont très savamment, et de façon surprenante, mises en évidence. Par cette grande conclusion où se révèle l'art très raffiné d'Anne Hébert, nous pensons contribuer à remédier à l'occultation que nous avons au départ observée, dans le discours critique québécois. Nous espérons avoir tiré au jour un refoulé authentiquement chrétien à travers un discours et des formes narratives exemplaires. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Intertextes catholique, Folklorique et borduasien, Inversion parodique des images religieuses, Marques jansénistes positives et négatives (XVIIe – XXe siècles), Sorcière-magicienne-artiste, Écrivain fictif.

Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät I--Universität Zürich, 1989.

Cette monographie a pour objectif de mettre en lumière la contribution fondamentale que Nicolas Bérauld (c. 1470-c. 1550), humaniste orléanais du début du XVIe siècle, apporta à la mise en place d’un humanisme spécifiquement français. Professeur, éditeur, imprimeur, libraire, juriste et écrivain à ses heures, cet humaniste polyvalent, très réputé à son époque, est aujourd’hui tombé dans l’oubli : il est, comme l'indique le titre de cet ouvrage, un laissé pour compte des « Bonnes Lettres » à qui il convient de rendre la place qu’il mérite. Son inlassable activité l’amena à intervenir dans de nombreux domaines. Il conduisit une réflexion approfondie sur les langues, puisqu’il s’intéressa à l’improvisation en latin et contribua à l’essor du grec, encore bien peu étudié au début du XVIe siècle. Il prit pour modèle de ses activités la figure du grammaticus au sens où l’entend Quintilien dans son Institution oratoire, à la fois encyclopédiste, éditeur, commentateur et professeur. Ce grammaticus polyvalent avait vocation à s’impliquer dans tous les domaines. Bérauld réfléchit donc aussi à la dimension esthétique et créatrice de la langue, à sa « poïétique », et prit position dans les grands débats idéologiques (politique, droit, religion) qui agitèrent son époque. L’étude de l’itinéraire de cet humble professeur est aussi un hommage rendu aux débuts de l’humanisme éclipsés par l’époque brillante des Lecteurs royaux et de la Pléiade. / This monography intends to highlight the fundamental contribution which was brought by Nicolas Bérauld (c. 1470- c. 1550), humanist born in Orleans at the beginning of the XVIth century, for the benefit of the establishment of a specific french humanism. Teacher, publisher, printer, librarian, jurist and even writer, this multitalented humanist, very famous during his time, has fallen in oblivion nowadays: he is, as the title of this work points it off, a laissé pour compte des « Bonnes Lettres » who needs to get back the appreciation he deserves. He relentlessly intervened in many fields of activity. He brought on a deep thinking about languages, as he was interested in latin improvisation and contributed to the rise of greek, still very little studied at the beginning of the XVIth century. The model of the grammaticus inspired his activities, exactly the way Quintilian figured it in his Institutio Oratoria, which means that he could be at the same time encyclopaedist, publisher, commentator and teacher. This versatile grammaticus was bound to tangle with every field of his time knowledge. This made Bérauld either to pay attention to the aesthetic and creative dimension of language, its « poïetic », or to get involved into the great ideological debates which stired up his time (as for politics, law or religion). To study the career of this humble teacher is also a way to pay tribute to the early stage of humanism, more or less put in the shade by the bright time of the Royal Lectors and of the Pleiade.