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Submitted by Luiz Felipe Barbosa (luiz.fbabreu2@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-05T14:42:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Marilia Gabriela Pereira.pdf: 1850240 bytes, checksum: b1617b39c06147fdbd5022ff34e1297a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T14:42:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Marilia Gabriela Pereira.pdf: 1850240 bytes, checksum: b1617b39c06147fdbd5022ff34e1297a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-14 / O Poder Normativo das Agências Reguladoras trata-se de um tema relevante quando em confronto com o Princípio da Legalidade, uma vez que o primeiro deve pautar-se sob os estritos limites da Lei Maior, a qual conforme a pirâmide kelseniana fundamenta a norma de menor hierarquia proveniente daquela, devendo, portanto a norma regulamentadora apenas esmiuçar as disposições mais gerais do comando normativo superior. Em virtude da prática reiterada da Agência Nacional do Petróleo em transpor os limites legais no seu âmbito de atuação, vem a presente pesquisa através do método bibliográfico, analisar doutrinariamente as formas de se encontrar uma solução ao problema em foco, será utilizado ainda uma comparação dos sistemas jurídicos norte-americano, e europeu, a fim de importar soluções possíveis de implementação em nosso sistema, por meio do método de abordagem dedutivista, métodos procedimentais histórico e funcionalista em uma linha de pesquisa teórica e metodológica. Sendo assim, vislumbra-se encontrar a proposta de inibir a atuação desregrada da ANP criada para agir autonomamente e não ilegal e arbitrariamente.

El material proporciona conceptos básicos sobre la gestión de las áreas naturales protegidas por el Estado y la importancia de la conservación de la biodiversidad en ellas para el aprovechamiento sostenible, de tal manera que la actividad turística, involucrada con la conservación del patrimonio natural y cultural, se constituya en una herramienta clave para el adecuado manejo de las áreas protegidas

Atrionatriuretisches Peptid (ANP) moduliert die Barrierenfunktion in endothelialen Monolayers; jedoch sind die Mechanismen noch unklar. Wir überprüften die Hypothese, inwiefern die ANP-Wirkung auf die Permeabilität (P) abhängig ist von einem veränderlichen Gleichgewicht der Nukleotide cyclic GMP (cGMP) und cyclic AMP (cAMP), und hierbei der C-ANP-Rezeptor ein funktionelle Bedeutung aufweist. Die ANP-Wirkung wurde hierbei in koronaren (CEC) and aortalen Endothelzellen (AEC) im Vergleich untersucht. Die endotheliale Makromolekülpermeabilität (P) wurde aus dem Übertritt von Trypanblaugelabelten Albumin über das Monolayer ermittelt. Wir erfassten neben der Permeabilität den zellulären Gehalt von cGMP und cAMP, mit und ohne Pertussitoxin (PT), mit dem Proteinkinase G -Inhibitor KT 5823 und mit beiden Substanzen in Kombination. Dann wiederholten wir die gesamte Versuchsserie mit dem ANP-Derivat C-ANP, das selektiv nur an den C-ANP-Rezeptor bindet. Ergebnisse: In CEC verursachte ANP (100nM) eine Abnahme der P (48%+/-7%, mean +/- SD, N=6, p / Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) improves the barrier function in primary cultures of endothelial monolayers; however, the mechanism is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the ANP-induced alteration in endothelial permeability is related to an altered balance between cyclic GMP (cGMP) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) via functional involvement of the C-ANP-receptor in coronary endothelial (CEC) and aortic endothelial (AEC) cells. Endothelial macromolecule permeability (P) was determined by passage of trypan-blue-labeled albumin across rat coronary and porc aortic endothelial monolayers. We measured permeability, as well as cGMP and cAMP, with or without pertussis toxin (PT), the protein kinase G inhibitor KT 5823, and both in combination. Next, we repeated this entire series, giving the truncated ANP-derivate C-ANP, which binds only to the C-ANP-receptor. We found: In CEC ANP (100nM) caused a decrease in P (48%+/-7%, mean +/- SD, N=6, p

Yes / Wood farming is one of the strategies of agricultural development programs to reform unsustainable exploitation of natural resources. Poplar is one of the known species for wood farming in the country. This species is fast-growing and has numerous Colognes has the ability to adapt to different climatic conditions. Fast growth, good economic returns and traditional agricultural knowledge, favorable habitat to agriculture are advantages of poplar for agricultural development. However, the result of previous studies indicates existing barriers to the development of plantation and its development need strategic planning. What seem essential today are strategies to overcome these obstacles. Accordingly, this present study with a holistic view trying to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of poplar farming. And the most appropriate strategies for the development of poplar farming in Urmia have offered. This research was a Field study and conducted using questionnaires. In this study, strategies were defined using SWOT analysis and the strategies were prioritized using analysis network process. The results showed the history of poplar farming in this region is the most important benefit to development and the many uses for poplar wood is the next priority. Increasingly replacement of poplar farming with alternative cultures is one of the main weaknesses of poplar farming development in this region. After that long return of profitability in poplar farming is the second priority. The most important opportunities for the development were the development of credit specialists to support of poplar farming and the most important threat was lack of annual financing of farmers. Also the results of strategic prioritization showed, Modern irrigation methods to reduce water consumption and planning to teach correct principles of technical planting, farming and harvesting are considered as the most important strategies.

In the book of ¡§The Practice of Management¡¨, Peter Drucker(1989) mentioned, that the quality and performance of managers determine the fate of the company. Indeed, the faster the world changes, the more significant the role managers play is.) Especially, the middle/ high level managers, who highly involve and participate in the organization, play the pivotal roles. The case company has been growing up during recent years, and the demand for the middle/high level managers is very great. So, whether the managers have the appropriate management ability will be the focus of training programs. As a result, the study constructed the management competency model for the case company via Analytic Network Process (ANP). Besides, this model provided the clear criterions that could help the case company to select and train the middle/high level managers. The findings are listed as bellows¡G 1. Confirming key management competence items for the middle/high level managers, and built up an analysis framework. Therefore, the case company would figure out important key items to improve the efficiency of selection and work performance. 2. Deciding the criterion and authority for each management competency index with Analytic Network Process. The result considered depending relationship between indices correspond with practice, clearly numerical data also help to reduce uncertain in decision process. 3. The study constructed the management competency index, and according to the result of the test, this model could correctly identify the middle/high level managers with brilliant performance.

Abstract Stretch of the cardiac muscle activates several physiological processes leading to changes in the function of the muscle. These changes include increase of the contraction force accompanied by changes in the intracellular calcium concentration. This phenomenon is known as Frank-Starling relation of the heart. In addition to this, stretch also influences the membrane voltage of individual myocytes predisposing the cardiac muscle to arrhythmias. In atrial muscle stretch augments the secretion of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Although several cellular components are known to be sensitive to mechanical stimulus the precise mechanisms participating to these stretch-induced changes are not known in detail. Further it is not known if these changes are causally related or if they share a common causal factor. This research was aimed to study the stretch-induced changes in the rat atrium. The possible interactive mechanisms were studied by recording intracellular action potentials, changes in the intracellular calcium concentration, contraction force and ANP secretion during stretch. The plausible mechanosensitive cellular components were incorporated into a mathematical model that was used to further study the mechanisms. The role of intracellular acidosis as a possible modulator of the mechanotransduction was of special interest. In isolated rat left atrium moderate stretch produced by increasing the intra-atrial pressure increased the contraction force in a biphasic manner. The immediate increase of the force was caused by altered properties of the contractile element, but the following slow increase was accompanied by an increase of the Ca2+ transient. These changes were followed by lengthening of the late phase of action potentials and augmented secretion of the ANP. Intensive sustained stretch was also found to induce delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs). Gadolinium (Gd3+), blocker of stretch-activated ion channels reduced the stretch-dependent activation of the contraction and inhibited the stretch-induced DADs. The mathematical model simulated the experimental findings at best when stretch-activated channel (SA-channel) activation and increased troponin-C affinity were used to mimic the stretch. The modelling data suggested that the SA-channel current increases the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content in a time dependent manner leading to Ca2+ transient augmentation during systole. Bigger Ca2+ transients induce a depolarizing current during the late phase of the action potential (AP) repolarization via the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger causing the lengthening of the action potentials. A small reduction of the intracellular pH (0.18 units) with 20 mM propionate was found to modulate the stretch-induced changes in the rat atrium. Acidosis leads to an increase in the diastolic [Ca2+]i during stretch, inhibits the stretch-induced changes in action potentials and slows down the contraction development during stretch by inhibiting the fast component of the force increase. These changes in E-C-coupling (excitation-contraction-coupling) were accompanied by a simultaneous augmentation of the ANP secretion. Furthermore, it was shown that contraction force and diastolic [Ca2+]i of the stretched tissue are more sensitive to acidosis than in non-stretched tissue. In conclusion, the stretch-induced changes in rat atrial myocytes are mediated by at least two mechanisms; stretch-activated Ca2+ influx and change in the properties of the contractile element. The action potential changes can be largely explained by modulation of the membrane voltage by intracellular calcium via Na+/Ca2+-exchanger. The co-occurrence of the changes in the [Ca2+]i and ANP secretion suggests that the stretch-induced ANP secretion can be mediated by [Ca2+]i.

El turismo en las áreas naturales protegidas (AP) se desarrolla continuamente como consecuencia de diversos factores relacionados con la necesidad de explotar el capital natural (en especial en países en desarrollo) y la creciente demanda del sector turístico. Esta actividad supone una oportunidad y una amenaza para las AP y aumenta notablemente la exigencia a sus sistemas de gestión. Para conseguir una explotación turística sostenible, compatible con los objetivos de conservación de las AP, lo más efectivo está resultando que la gestión de AP implique a todos los grupos de interés. En esta tesis doctoral se presenta un procedimiento para mejorar la participación y la toma de decisiones de gestión en relación al turismo de AP. El procedimiento está basado en el modelado de los problemas de decisión mediante Analytic Network Process (ANP), y la participación de los grupos de interés en la evaluación de dichos problemas mediante Delphi. El procedimiento se valida mediante un caso de aplicación: la gestión del turismo en el Parque Nacional Archipiélago Los Roques de Venezuela. Aplicando ANP se ha obtenido un modelo del problema de decisión que define 13 criterios de evaluación que actúan como objetivos de sostenibilidad a cumplir por las propuestas de turismo. Estos criterios se han agrupado en cuatro conjuntos o clústeres: ¿Aspectos sociales¿, ¿Aspectos político-administrativos¿, ¿Medio físico-natural¿ e ¿Impactos ambientales locales¿. Además se identificaron 3 alternativas de actuación: ¿Construcción de complejos turísticos ecoeficientes¿, ¿Desarrollo de actividades amigables con el ambiente¿ y ¿Desarrollo de sistemas de transporte sustentables¿. Para mejorar la participación de los grupos de interés en la priorización de los criterios de evaluación y las alternativas de acción se ha utilizado el método Delphi. Así, los juicios necesarios para el ANP fueron discutidos y consensuados en lo posible mediante Delphi entre representantes de 8 grupos de interés. Este procedimiento permitió, por un lado lugar entender mejor los problemas de decisión en la gestión del turismo en el caso de estudio. Por otro lado facilitó la participación de grupos de interés muy distintos con diferentes niveles de formación, diferentes intereses y recursos para la participación. También permitió explicar las razones para las preferencias de cada grupo de interés por uno u otro criterio de sostenibilidad o alternativa de acción. La combinación de ANP y Delphi permitió asimismo discutir los resultados y alcanzar consensos sobre varios elementos del problema de decisión. Finalmente, el procedimiento propuesto en esta tesis doctoral permite obtener resultados agregados o desagregados que contribuyen no solo a una gestión más objetiva y participativa sino a la transparencia de la toma de decisiones y la trazabilidad de todo el proceso. Palabras Claves: gestión, ANP, Delphi, toma de decisión. / Acuña Dutra, SY. (2013). METODOLOGIA PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DE LA SOSTENIBILIDAD DE LAS ACTIVIDADES DE TURISMO EN LAS ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS MEDIANTE EL EMPLEO DE LAS TÉCNICAS ANP y DELPHI. CASO DE ESTUDIO: PARQUE NACIONAL ARCHIPIÉLAGO LOS ROQUES [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/29892

<p>2001 störtades ett antal flygplan in i World Trade Center och Pentagon i USA, detta genomfördes av organisationen al-Qaeda med Usama Bin Laden som ledare. Påföljden av detta blev att USA inledde sitt krig mot terrorismen. Skådeplatsen för detta blev Afghanistan som sedan tidigare har varit krigshärjat av Sovjet på 80-talet. 2003 vann DynCorp sitt första kontrakt kopplat till Afghan NationalPolice, detta innebar att de ansvarade för att utbilda poliser som skulle arbeta på lägre nivåer. Då Tyskland ansvarade för utbildning av poliser på nivåerna commissioned och non-commissioned. Frågeställningen som är kopplad till denna uppsats är huruvida DynCorps aktivitet haft någon påtaglig effekt på upprorsbekämpningen som bedrivs genom Operation Enduring Freedom? Författarens slutsatser pekar på ett antal faktorer som DynCorp kan ha haft viss medverkan i, och härleder dessa till teorin kring begreppet Counter Insurgency. Dock kan författaren inte utan tvekan påvisa att det finns direkta och tydliga kopplingar till DynCorp i de avseenden då Operation Enduring Freedom har blivit lidande av hur poliserna i Afghan National Police har agerat.</p> / <p>2001 the World Trade Centers were destroyed and Pentagon was damaged when a number of airplanes where deliberately crashed in to these buildings, this was carried out by the Al-Qaeda with Osama Bin Laden as their leader. The consequence of this was that the U.S. launched its war on terror. The already war torn country of Afghanistan became the target for the U.S. invasion. In 2003 DynCorp won its first contract linked to the Afghan National Police, this meant that they were responsible for training police officers who would work at lower levels. Since Germany was responsible for the training of police officers at the levels of Commissioned and Non-Commissioned. Questions which are linked to this essay are whether DynCorp’s activity had any effect on the insurgency fighting conducted throughout Operation Enduring Freedom? The author's findings point to a number of factors that DynCorp may have had some involvement, and derive them to the theory around the concept COIN. However, the author can not clearly demonstrate that there is direct and clear links to DynCorp, in the ways in which Operation Enduring Freedom has suffered from the actions taken from policemen in the Afghan National Police.</p>

2001 störtades ett antal flygplan in i World Trade Center och Pentagon i USA, detta genomfördes av organisationen al-Qaeda med Usama Bin Laden som ledare. Påföljden av detta blev att USA inledde sitt krig mot terrorismen. Skådeplatsen för detta blev Afghanistan som sedan tidigare har varit krigshärjat av Sovjet på 80-talet. 2003 vann DynCorp sitt första kontrakt kopplat till Afghan NationalPolice, detta innebar att de ansvarade för att utbilda poliser som skulle arbeta på lägre nivåer. Då Tyskland ansvarade för utbildning av poliser på nivåerna commissioned och non-commissioned. Frågeställningen som är kopplad till denna uppsats är huruvida DynCorps aktivitet haft någon påtaglig effekt på upprorsbekämpningen som bedrivs genom Operation Enduring Freedom? Författarens slutsatser pekar på ett antal faktorer som DynCorp kan ha haft viss medverkan i, och härleder dessa till teorin kring begreppet Counter Insurgency. Dock kan författaren inte utan tvekan påvisa att det finns direkta och tydliga kopplingar till DynCorp i de avseenden då Operation Enduring Freedom har blivit lidande av hur poliserna i Afghan National Police har agerat. / 2001 the World Trade Centers were destroyed and Pentagon was damaged when a number of airplanes where deliberately crashed in to these buildings, this was carried out by the Al-Qaeda with Osama Bin Laden as their leader. The consequence of this was that the U.S. launched its war on terror. The already war torn country of Afghanistan became the target for the U.S. invasion. In 2003 DynCorp won its first contract linked to the Afghan National Police, this meant that they were responsible for training police officers who would work at lower levels. Since Germany was responsible for the training of police officers at the levels of Commissioned and Non-Commissioned. Questions which are linked to this essay are whether DynCorp’s activity had any effect on the insurgency fighting conducted throughout Operation Enduring Freedom? The author's findings point to a number of factors that DynCorp may have had some involvement, and derive them to the theory around the concept COIN. However, the author can not clearly demonstrate that there is direct and clear links to DynCorp, in the ways in which Operation Enduring Freedom has suffered from the actions taken from policemen in the Afghan National Police.