Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-12-08T10:50:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cassianoribeirodafonseca.pdf: 3016717 bytes, checksum: 0678ca3a4d6c97fc1635d34e61b929e7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-12-22T11:24:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cassianoribeirodafonseca.pdf: 3016717 bytes, checksum: 0678ca3a4d6c97fc1635d34e61b929e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-22T11:24:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cassianoribeirodafonseca.pdf: 3016717 bytes, checksum: 0678ca3a4d6c97fc1635d34e61b929e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-09 / O processo de urbanização é um dos maiores agentes de transformação da sociedade, com reflexos diretos na biodiversidade global. A maior expansão global da urbanização em ambientes naturais prevista até 2030 ocorrerá com a conversão de ambientes naturais em áreas urbanas na América do Sul. As alterações criadas pelo ambiente urbano fragmentam florestas, impedem sua conectividade, criam mudanças das condições microclimáticas, modificam o equilíbrio físico e biológico, deixando impactos diretos na estrutura, riqueza e também na diversidade dos ecossistemas florestais. Considerando a importância das florestas urbanas para a manutenção da biodiversidade, este estudo analisou como os padrões de diversidade alfa e beta variam nas comunidades de florestas urbanas, fazendo uma relação com seu histórico de perturbação. O estudo foi realizado na mesorregião da Zona da Mata Mineira na microrregião de Juiz de Fora, nas cidades de Juiz de Fora, Lima Duarte, Rio Preto e Santos Dumont. Foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbóreos vivos (DAP ≥ 5 cm) em 12 trechos de florestas, sendo alocadas aleatoriamente 10 parcelas de 20 x 20 m, totalizando 120 parcelas, com área total amostrada de 4,8 ha. Os trechos foram classificados de acordo com os diferentes níveis de perturbação, históricos de impactos antrópicos, tipos de distúrbios e estrutura atual; e distribuídos em quatro ambientes florestais com características compartilhadas (controle, relicto, agricultura abandonada e terraplanagem). A partir dos resultados foi possível perceber um claro padrão de agrupamento entre os quatro ambientes florestais, os valores de riqueza, índices de diversidade e equabilidade, variaram de acordo com o grau de impacto sofrido, obtendo os maiores valores fragmentos mais preservados, e menores aqueles que sofreram os maiores impactos antrópicos. A análise da diversidade beta demonstrou baixo número de espécies compartilhadas, evidenciando grande heterogeneidade florística nos ambientes florestais urbanos. As análises de agrupamentos demonstraram que a estrutura dos ambientes florestais são o reflexo dos tipos e intensidades dos distúrbios causados pelo ambiente urbano, representadas na forma de grupos com grande autocorrelação. Apesar das grandes alterações construídas pelo ambiente urbano antrópico, ainda assim os fragmentos urbanos abrigam importante diversidade alfa e beta da flora arbórea regional. O conhecimento sobre a biodiversidade das florestas tropicais urbanas é fundamental para subsidiar ações de proteção, conservação e restauração da biota regional. / The urbanization process is one of the major agents in society transformation, with direct reflex on global biodiversity. The largest urbanization global expansion in natural environments, expected until 2030, will occur from the conversion of natural environments to urban areas in South America. The changes generated by urban settings fragment forests, hinder their connectivity, alter microclimate conditions and modify physical and biological balance, directly impacting on the structure, wealth and diversity of the forest ecosystem. Considering the importance of urban forests to the maintenance of biodiversity, this paper aims to analyze how alfa and beta diversity patterns vary in urban forest communities, relating to its disturbance history. The study took place in the mesoregion of Zona da Mata Mineira, in the microregion of Juiz de Fora, in the cities of Juiz de Fora, Lima Duarte, Rio Preto and Santos Dumont. All live arboreal individuals (DBH ≥ 5 cm) in twelve forest fragments were sampled, being 10 plots of 20 x 20m randomly allocated, totaling 120 plots. The fragments were classified according to the different levels of disturbance, history of human impact, types of disturbance and current structure; they were assorted in four forest settings with shared features (control, relict, abandoned agriculture and earthwork). From the results, it was possible to notice a clear pattern of grouping among the four forest settings; the values of wealth and diversity and equitability rates varied according to the impact endured, obtaining higher values in the most preserved fragments and lower in those which suffered with major human influence. The beta diversity analysis showed a low number of shared species, revealing great floristic heterogeneity in urban forest environments. The grouping analysis showed that forest environments reflect great changes caused by urban settings, depicted by groups with great autocorrelation. Regardless of alterations built by human urban settings, these urban fragments hold important alfa and beta diversity from the regional arboreal flora. Knowledge of urban rainforests biodiversity is essential to subsidize protection measures, preservation and recovery of regional biota.

Submitted by Rodrigues Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2017-12-15T17:23:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cassianoribeirodafonseca.pdf: 3016717 bytes, checksum: 0678ca3a4d6c97fc1635d34e61b929e7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-12-22T11:56:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cassianoribeirodafonseca.pdf: 3016717 bytes, checksum: 0678ca3a4d6c97fc1635d34e61b929e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-22T11:56:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cassianoribeirodafonseca.pdf: 3016717 bytes, checksum: 0678ca3a4d6c97fc1635d34e61b929e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-09 / O processo de urbanização é um dos maiores agentes de transformação da sociedade, com reflexos diretos na biodiversidade global. A maior expansão global da urbanização em ambientes naturais prevista até 2030 ocorrerá com a conversão de ambientes naturais em áreas urbanas na América do Sul. As alterações criadas pelo ambiente urbano fragmentam florestas, impedem sua conectividade, criam mudanças das condições microclimáticas, modificam o equilíbrio físico e biológico, deixando impactos diretos na estrutura, riqueza e também na diversidade dos ecossistemas florestais. Considerando a importância das florestas urbanas para a manutenção da biodiversidade, este estudo analisou como os padrões de diversidade alfa e beta variam nas comunidades de florestas urbanas, fazendo uma relação com seu histórico de perturbação. O estudo foi realizado na mesorregião da Zona da Mata Mineira na microrregião de Juiz de Fora, nas cidades de Juiz de Fora, Lima Duarte, Rio Preto e Santos Dumont. Foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbóreos vivos (DAP ≥ 5 cm) em 12 trechos de florestas, sendo alocadas aleatoriamente 10 parcelas de 20 x 20 m, totalizando 120 parcelas, com área total amostrada de 4,8 ha. Os trechos foram classificados de acordo com os diferentes níveis de perturbação, históricos de impactos antrópicos, tipos de distúrbios e estrutura atual; e distribuídos em quatro ambientes florestais com características compartilhadas (controle, relicto, agricultura abandonada e terraplanagem). A partir dos resultados foi possível perceber um claro padrão de agrupamento entre os quatro ambientes florestais, os valores de riqueza, índices de diversidade e equabilidade, variaram de acordo com o grau de impacto sofrido, obtendo os maiores valores fragmentos mais preservados, e menores aqueles que sofreram os maiores impactos antrópicos. A análise da diversidade beta demonstrou baixo número de espécies compartilhadas, evidenciando grande heterogeneidade florística nos ambientes florestais urbanos. As análises de agrupamentos demonstraram que a estrutura dos ambientes florestais são o reflexo dos tipos e intensidades dos distúrbios causados pelo ambiente urbano, representadas na forma de grupos com grande autocorrelação. Apesar das grandes alterações construídas pelo ambiente urbano antrópico, ainda assim os fragmentos urbanos abrigam importante diversidade alfa e beta da flora arbórea regional. O conhecimento sobre a vi biodiversidade das florestas tropicais urbanas é fundamental para subsidiar ações de proteção, conservação e restauração da biota regional. / The urbanization process is one of the major agents in society transformation, with direct reflex on global biodiversity. The largest urbanization global expansion in natural environments, expected until 2030, will occur from the conversion of natural environments to urban areas in South America. The changes generated by urban settings fragment forests, hinder their connectivity, alter microclimate conditions and modify physical and biological balance, directly impacting on the structure, wealth and diversity of the forest ecosystem. Considering the importance of urban forests to the maintenance of biodiversity, this paper aims to analyze how alfa and beta diversity patterns vary in urban forest communities, relating to its disturbance history. The study took place in the mesoregion of Zona da Mata Mineira, in the microregion of Juiz de Fora, in the cities of Juiz de Fora, Lima Duarte, Rio Preto and Santos Dumont. All live arboreal individuals (DBH ≥ 5 cm) in twelve forest fragments were sampled, being 10 plots of 20 x 20m randomly allocated, totaling 120 plots. The fragments were classified according to the different levels of disturbance, history of human impact, types of disturbance and current structure; they were assorted in four forest settings with shared features (control, relict, abandoned agriculture and earthwork). From the results, it was possible to notice a clear pattern of grouping among the four forest settings; the values of wealth and diversity and equitability rates varied according to the impact endured, obtaining higher values in the most preserved fragments and lower in those which suffered with major human influence. The beta diversity analysis showed a low number of shared species, revealing great floristic heterogeneity in urban forest environments. The grouping analysis showed that forest environments reflect great changes caused by urban settings, depicted by groups with great autocorrelation. Regardless of alterations built by human urban settings, these urban fragments hold important alfa and beta diversity from the regional arboreal flora. Knowledge of urban rainforests biodiversity is essential to subsidize protection measures, preservation and recovery of regional biota.

This dissertation examines representations of deep time in nineteenth-century British novels in order to argue that these texts help carve a path for our contemporary definitions of deep time and the Anthropocene. Examining fiction by Charles Dickens, George Eliot, Thomas Hardy, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, H. Rider Haggard, H. G. Wells, and Joseph Conrad, I suggest that these novels participate in the secularization of deep time by transforming the concept of vast spiritual time that had been in use earlier in the nineteenth century into a scientifically-informed model that anticipates our current understandings of deep time. While the concept of geological time emerged in the late-eighteenth century and became widely recognized in the nineteenth, the phrase “deep time” originates in nineteenth-century literature when Thomas Carlyle first used it in a non-scientific context. By studying a wide range of fiction, I demonstrate how nineteenth-century authors employed innovative narrative strategies to convey these potentially inconceivable timescales in non-numerical terms, and thereby make them more accessible to human comprehension. I also challenge conventional distinctions between literary realism and popular romance in the period by analyzing the complementary ways in which both genres of fiction engage with vast temporal scales in their narratives. I develop my argument by examining how these novels use a model of what I call “folding time” to incorporate remote time periods into their texts. Departing from the novel’s linear narrative structure to bring distant historical moments into direct contact with one another, folding time situates human activity in relation to vast pre-and-post-human periods and in doing so acknowledges an age of humans within deep time; in this sense, these novels articulate an early concept of the Anthropocene. By including deep time in the novel’s traditionally individual and familial framework, these authors simultaneously expand the novel’s temporal scope and humanize vast scientific timescales. Further, as these novels illustrate characters’ psychological responses to overwhelming scientific timescales, they reposition deep time in relation to private temporal experience. This study employs an interdisciplinary approach to acknowledge the mutually reciprocal relationship between science and literature in the nineteenth century, and draws on temporality studies, history of science theory, and literary criticism to situate its argument in relation to current critical discussions. I also consider the work of scientists such as Charles Lyell, Charles Darwin, and William Thomson in order to contextualize my novels’ scientific references. By studying nineteenth-century British novels in relation to scientific temporalities, this dissertation recovers an overlooked component of the history of deep time that has had significant and lasting cultural influence given the enduring popularity and wide readership of these texts.

Designing for societal engagement and benefit, aiming for the inclusion of humans, has been largely implemented within interaction design research. However, recent studies on entanglements and more-than-human worlds in interaction design, participatory and speculative design, in combination with Science & Technology Studies (STS) and ANT (Actor-network theories), revealed new opportunities for designers for the development of methods and practices, particularly about designing new forms of engagement with and through design artefacts for the benefit of the natural environment in the city. Through an RtD process, this thesis explores current relations between humans and nonhumans by establishing a more-than-human design space that embraces participatory and speculative methods. The aim is to implement more-than-human theories into the design practice to contribute to Posthuman Interaction design and Non-anthropocentric design. Therefore, this thesis presents Internet of Beings, a series of speculative design artefacts that aim to rebalance power structures and enable collaborative more-than-human interactions in the city. Internet of Beings stems from the desire of speculating on possible more-than-human futures, where cohabitation and care are at the base for the future of urban species. While humans are asked to reattune, be curious, notice again and collaborate with nature, nonhuman species start to have agency in the decision-making to thrive in a collaborative, sustainable more-than-human city. Thus, Internet of Beings represents a way of "staying with the trouble" (Haraway, 2016) for a collaborative future (Tsing, 2015) in the urban environment.

<p>This dissertation explores the philosophical, cultural, and political implications of the discourse on humanity and human subjectivity in the time of the Anthropocene that engages a wide geographic and temporal range. Specifically, I examine the ways in which three selected literary works of Daniel Defoe from England, Toni Morrison from America, and Arundhati Roy from India interact with the intricately contested notions of what it means to be a human being sharing the earth’s natural habitats with another entity traditionally defined as “other,” categorized around species, gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, sexuality, class, and even religion.</p><p>I argue that Defoe’s <i>Robinson Crusoe</i>, the allegedly first modern novel, inaugurates the reigning understanding of human being as <i>homo sapiens</i> represented by Crusoe’s rationalized humanity, the essential feature of which has come to engender a threatening condition both for the nonhuman and non-European world; that Morrison’s <i>Paradise</i> and Roy’s <i>The God of Small Things</i> each in their own way not only problematize and challenge the overall tenet of Defoe’s metaphysical rationality in Euro-American and Anglophone cultures, but also investigate a more secular and thereby alternative idea of human subjectivity as <i>homo ecologicus</i>, so as to either (re)construct or restore a vibrant and sustainable community based on a notion of human not as hierarchically superior to “other” entities, but more horizontally and inclusively situated within one larger common habitat called the planet Earth.</p><p>Postulating the conviction that one cannot fully understand the aforementioned alternative conceptualization of human being as <i>homo ecologicus</i> within the confines of divisive identity politics based upon racial, ethnic, national, religious, gender, and sexual orientation categories, it is a pivotal concern of my thesis to bridge the ostensibly unquestioned bifurcation between human beings and Nature: that between the West and the East, that between male and female, that between reason and intuition, and that between knowledge and life. In performing these wider ecological inquiries into radical modes of human existence, I place the core value of nonfoundationalist thoughts of Friedrich Nietzsche, Alfred North Whitehead, Martin Heidegger, Michel Foucault, and Edward Said, among many others, in critical dialogue with the study of literature with a view to thematizing the broader question of how a literary narrative as a historical and cultural institution imaginatively reframes our self-consciousness of the precarious condition of the Anthropocene. In conclusion, I argue that the study of literature and other humanities that valorize a vital interconnectedness between humans, objects, and the environment offers the potential for an inexhaustible and enduring habitat in which <i>homo ecologicus</i> continues to, in the words of Nietzsche, “remain faithful to the earth,” embracing <i>homo sapiens</i>.</p>

Václav Drozd Object oriented political theory? A contribution of object oriented philosophy for political theory Abstract (in English): This diploma thesis is concerned with the turn to materiality and object in contemporary philosophy and explores its impact on political theory. It focuses on conceptions trying to reformulate the relation between subject and object, culture and nature or human and inhuman entities - symetrical ontology of Bruno Latour, speculative realism and object-oriented ontology. The aim of the study is to identify the benefits of these aproaches for political theory. The first frame topic important for investigated theories is the relation of human and state towards complex technologies. The second general topic is the existence under conditions of anthropocene and climate change. Keywords: anthropocene, speculative realism, object, corelationism, actor, vibrant matter, technologies, symmetry, actor-network-theory, Latour

The word Anthropocene has been used in academia in many cases in the last decade. Geologists and stratigraphers believe that man's influence intervents so much with nature that they propose to call by the term a whole new geological era. This would have far-reaching consequences for (social) science in terms of interdisciplinarity. Due to the topicality of the theme, the diploma thesis aims to monitor the intersection of the term Anthropocene using the conceptual theory of Reinhart Koselleck, and thus find out whether and how the word spreads to public sphere. The first theoretical part presents the sources, maps the reflection of the term in the literature of social sciences and puts the work into a theoretical and methodological framework from the perspective of the history of concepts. It introduces Koselleck's theory of transition phases and explanes its application to the research field using modified criteria. The methodological character of the work is a comparative case study, heuristically grasped by content (textual) analysis of a media text. The second practical part observes texts from two selected databases (Czech and British) and presents the results in order to find out the meanings the contexts around the term Anthropocene. The last part compares both geographical areas and...

This dissertation on “Climate Change, the Ruined Island, and British Metamodernism” proceeds from the premise that a perspectival shift occurred in the early 2000s that altered the tenor of British climate fiction published in the decade that followed. The release of a third Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), less than a month after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, prompted an acute awareness of the present as a post-apocalyptic condition bracketed by catastrophe and extinction. In response, British authors experimented with double-mapping techniques designed to concretize the supranational scope of advanced climate change. An increasing number of British authors projected the historical ruination of remote island communities onto speculative topographies extrapolated from IPCC Assessments to compel contemporary readers to conceive of a climate-changed planet aslant. Given the spate of ruined-island- as-future-Earth novels published at the turn of the millennium, this dissertation intervenes in extant criticism by identifying David Mitchell’s Cloud Atlas (2004), Will Self’s The Book of Dave (2006), and Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods (2007) as noteworthy examples of a metamodernist subgenre that makes a distant future of a “futureless” past to position the reader in a state of imagined obsolescence. This project consequently draws on metamodernist theory as a useful heuristic for articulating the traits that distinguish metamodernist cli-fi from precursory texts, with the aim to connect British post-apocalyptic fiction, climate-fiction, and literary metamodernism in productive ways. As the body chapters of this dissertation demonstrate, metamodernist cli-fi primarily uses the double-mapped island to structurally discredit the present as singular in cataclysmic consequence and, therefore, deserving of an unprecedented technological fix. Ultimately, in attempting to refute the moment of completion that would mark history’s end, metamodernist cli-fi challenges the givenness of an anticipated future through which to anchor the advent of an irreversible tipping point. Given the relative dearth of literary scholarship devoted to metamodernist cli-fi, this project posits that this subgenre warrants greater critical attention because it offers potent means for short-circuiting the type of cynical optimism that insists on envisioning human survival in terms of divine, authoritarian, or techno-escapist interventions. / Graduate / 2021-08-08

Čeněk Pýcha History in public space: Changes of institutions of memory Abstract The submitted dissertation project is based on a longer research interest in memory and remembering. Interdisciplinary memory studies is one of the most dynamically developing subdisciplines in the social sciences and humanities. The aim of this work is to contribute to the ongoing academic discussion and to explore some environments of making sense of the past, which so far stood rather on the periphery of research interests. The research field of this project is defined by the questioning of transformations of memory institutions. I observe this change primarily on the trajectory of movement from grand institutions of memory to small ones. As the grand institutions of memory, I understand the traditional institutions of the interpretation of the past that were born in the modernization process. In this dissertation project, I focus mainly on institutions of heritage preservation and museums. With the partial disintegration of grand collective frameworks, these institutions are divided into small institutions. I study this movement in case studies on contemporary cultural practices of remembrance in new memory ecologies. I focus on digital platforms for travelers, remembering through visual communication or interest in places...

This qualitative research focuses on the decision to stay childfree as a specific individual strategy for coping with the effects of climate crisis. The purpose of this study is to show ways in which the climate crisis is internalized and stressed within the decision to stay childfree. Data for this research were created through semi-structured interviews with 12 informants coming from all around the world. These informants were divided into two different categories. First of them, the kinnovators, perceive their decision to stay childfree as a way to erase the boundary between human and non-human worlds and therefore, similarly to Donna J. Haraway (2016), they perceive their childfreeness as an alternative to the popularly held belief of genalogical view on human kinship. These informants experience a great amount of environmental grief (Kevorkian, 2004) based on the values of antispeciesism and they see the main causes of climate crisis in the epoch of Anthropocene and therefore in the problems connected to human society - such as overpopulation (e.g. Ehrlich, 1986, compared to Haraway, 2016) or consumerism (Bell, 2004). Kinnovators perceive their decision to stay childfree as their individual responsibility and as a way to mitigate climate crisis, as well as a means to maintain their integrity....