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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Presença de microrganismos potencialmente superinfactantes na cavidade bucal de pacientes com anemia falciforme em uso de hidroxiuréia /

Salvia, Ana Carolina Rodrigues Danzi. January 2010 (has links)
Resumo: Considerando-se que portadores de anemia falciforme apresentam relatado aumento da suscetibilidade às infecções e que reservatórios bucais de microrganismos patogênicos podem representar uma porta de entrada para doenças, a avaliação da microbiota bucal potencialmente patogênica ganha relevância. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de leveduras do gênero Candida, estafilococos, enterobactérias e Pseudomonas spp. na cavidade bucal de pacientes com anemia falciforme em tratamento com hidroxiuréia, comparando os resultados com indivíduos controle. Foram incluídos no estudo 69 pacientes, com idades entre 15 a 60 anos, portadores de anemia falciforme, confirmados por exames clínicos e laboratoriais. Estes foram divididos em dois grupos: em tratamento com hidroxiuréia (HU) por no mínimo 90 dias (n=30); sem tratamento com HU (n=39). Foram também incluídos dois grupos controle pareados (controle I e II, respectivamente), sendo indivíduos saudáveis com perfil semelhante (quanto à idade, sexo e condições bucais) aos dos grupos em estudo. Não foram incluídos pacientes diabéticos, portadores de próteses bucais totais, outras doenças sistêmicas e que estivessem sob terapia com medicamentos que podem interferir com as condições bucais. Foram realizados exame clínico, anamnese e coleta de enxágüe bucal de cada paciente. Este foi semeado em meios de cultura específicos para cada microrganismo e, após incubação, foram obtidos valores de UFC/mL. Os isolados foram identificados pelo sistema API. A prevalência das espécies de microrganismos isolados foi comparada entre os grupos anemia falciforme com HU (AnF/HU+), sem HU (AnF/HU-) com seus respectivos controles. Foram realizados testes de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos segundo metodologia CLSI. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as contagens de estafilococos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Considering that sickle cell anemia patients have reported increased susceptibility to infections and oral reservoirs of pathogens may represent a gateway for disease, evaluation of potentially pathogenic oral flora becomes relevant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Candida species, staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. in the oral cavity of patients with sickle cell disease under treatment with hidroxyurea (HU), comparing the results with control subjects. The study included 69 patients aged 15-60 years, with sickle cell disease, confirmed by clinical and laboratory examinations. These were divided into two groups:under treatment with HU for at least 90 days (n=30), and without HU (n=39). Two matched controls (control I and II, respectively), composed of healthy individuals with similar profile (age, gender and oral conditions) to the study groups were included. Diabetic patients, patients with dentures, and other systemic diseases and those under treatment with medications that can interfere with oral conditions were not included. Clinical examination and anamnese were performed and mouthrinse sample was collected from each patient. The sample was plated into specific culture media for each microorganism and, after incubation values of cfu/ml were obtained. Isolates were identified by API system. The prevalence of the species were compared between groups with sickle cell anemia HU (AnF/HU+) and without HU (AnF/HU-) and the respective control groups. Antimicrobial susceptibility testings were performed according to the CLSI methodology. There were no statistically significant differences counts of staphylococci and Enterobacteriaceae/Pseudomonas between the groups AnF/HU+ and AnF/HU- and the respective control groups. Significant differences in the counts of yeasts were observed between AnF/HU- group and the respective control, however... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Cristiane Yumi Koga Ito / Coorientador: Maria Stella Figueiredo / Banca: Fernanda Lourenção Brigheti / Banca: Karen Regina Carim da Costa / Mestre
42

Residuos de antimicrobianos em peixe : depleção residual e desenvolvimento de metodos analiticos / Antimicrobials residues in fish : residual depletion and development of analytical methods

Paschoal, Jonas Augusto Rizzato 21 December 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Susanne Rath / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T13:13:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paschoal_JonasAugustoRizzato_D.pdf: 2545620 bytes, checksum: 047e1d72fd2de11da7411d954b23d23f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Os antimicrobianos são largamente empregados na medicina veterinária, e resíduos destes podem permanecer nos alimentos de origem animal, acima de valores considerados seguros, quando não são respeitadas as boas práticas veterinárias. Este trabalho teve por objetivos: (i) desenvolver e validar métodos analíticos para a determinação de multi-resíduos de quinolonas (enrofloxacina, ciprofloxacina, danofloxacina, sarafloxacina, ácido oxolínico e flumequina) em carne de peixe, usando a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência associada a detecção por fluorescência (HPLC-FL) e cromatografia líquida associada a espectrometria de massas em tandem por interface de ionização por electrospray e (LC-ESI-MS/MS Q-ToF); (ii) desenvolver e validar métodos analíticos para a determinação de oxitetraciclina (OTC) em ração e carne de tilápias por HPLC-DAD e HPLC-FL, respectivamente e (iii) realizar um ensaio com tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) para avaliar a depleção da OTC na carne desses peixes. De modo geral, a extração das quinolonas e da OTC da carne de peixes foi conduzida por extração sólido líquido seguida da limpeza do extrato em cartuchos de extração em fase sólida. A separação cromatográfica dos antimicrobianos foi realizada em coluna de fase reversa octadecil híbrida. Os métodos foram validados mediante avaliação dos seguintes parâmetros: faixa linear, linearidade, sensibilidade, seletividade, limites de detecção e quantificação, precisão intra e inter-ensaios e exatidão. Para o método LC-MS/MS foi também avaliado o efeito matriz. Todos os métodos foram considerados adequados aos objetivos propostos neste trabalho. Para avaliar a depleção de OTC na carne de tilápias, os peixes (peso médio de 93 a 115 g) receberam o fármaco via ração na dose de 80 mg OTC/kg peso vivo/dia, por cinco dias consecutivos. A temperatura da água durante o ensaio variou de 16,5 a 24,5 °C. A curva de depleção se ajustou a um modelo exponencial de primeira ordem. O tempo de meia vida de eliminação foi de 2,5 dias e o período de carência estimado foi de 5 dias / Abstract: Antimicrobials are widely employed in veterinary medicine, and their residues could remain in food of animal origin above values considered safe if good veterinary practices are not followed. The aim of this work is to address (i) the development and validation of analytical methods using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FL) and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS Q-Tof) for the determination of multi residues of quinolones (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, sarafloxacin, oxolinic acid and flumequine) in fish; (ii) the development and validation of analytical methods for the determination of oxytetracycline (OTC) in fish feed and tilapia fish fillets using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-FL, respectively, and (iii) the study of tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) in order to evaluate the depletion of OTC from the fish fillet. In general, the extraction of the quinolones and OTC from the fish matrix was conducted by solid-liquid extraction followed by clean-up on solid phase extraction cartridges. The antimicrobials chromatographic separation was performed on a reverse phase octadecyl hybrid column. The methods were validated through the following parameters: linear range, linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, detection limit, quantitation limit, intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy. For the LC-MS/MS method, the matrix effect was also evaluated. All methods were adequate to the proposed objectives. In order to evaluate the depletion of OTC in the tilapia fillets, the fish (weight range 93 ¿ 115 g) were given medicated feed in a concentration of 80 mg OTC/kg body weight/day for five consecutive days. The water temperature was between 16.5 to 24.5 °C during the treatment. The depletion curve was fitted to an exponential first order model. The elimination half-life was 2.5 days and the withdrawal period was estimated as five days / Doutorado / Quimica Analitica / Doutor em Ciências
43

Oxitetraciclina em tomates e bactericidas agricolas e avaliaçao dos seus residuos em tomates produzidos em estufa e cultura de campo / Oxytetracycline in tomatoes and agricultural antimicrobials and evaluation of residues in tomatoes grown in greenhouse and open field

Maia, Patricia Penido 09 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Felix Guillermo Reyes Reyes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T00:18:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maia_PatriciaPenido_D.pdf: 738805 bytes, checksum: 45cdc642b12e037677eca58fb443a574 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Antimicrobianos como fungicidas e/ou bactericidas têm sido utilizados para a melhoria da qualidade de produtos vegetais destinados à alimentação humana ou para sua maior produtividade em várias fases de sua obtenção, tais como: preparo do solo, crescimento, colheita, industrialização e comercialização. Entretanto, vários destes compostos podem permanecer como resíduos nos alimentos consumidos, e, dependendo de sua toxicidade e nível de exposição, podem apresentar risco à saúde do consumidor. Entre estas substâncias estão os agentes antimicrobianos usados para combater ou prevenir o aparecimento de alterações de origem microbiana no alimento. O desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos para a identificação e quantificação destes agentes em produtos vegetais é de grande interesse, uma vez que a exposição crônica em baixos níveis antimicrobianos pode promover a resistência bacteriana a antibióticos, assim como reações alérgicas. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho objetivou desenvolver metodologia para o isolamento, identificação e quantificação de resíduos de oxitetraciclina em tomate, o qual é muito sensível a bacterioses, assim como comparou os níveis residuais encontrados nos frutos de cultura protegida (estufa) e cultura de campo. A metodologia analítica desenvolvida foi aplicada na análise de tomates comercializados na região de Campinas/SP e Alfenas/MG. Os dados obtidos foram comparados com os limites máximos de resíduos (LMRs) e os intervalos de segurança estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira em condições de plantio no campo. Foi validado, ainda, um método para quantificação dos antibióticos oxitetraciclina e estreptomicina em formulações para uso agrícola utilizadas para tratamento de tomates / Abstract: Antimicrobials as fungicides and/or bactericides have been used for the improvement of the quality of vegetal products destined to the human feed and for its higher productivity in some phases of its cultivation, such as: preparation of the ground, growth, harvest, industrialization and commercialization. However, several of these compounds can remain as residues in consumed foods, and, depending on its toxicity and level of exposure, they can present a risk to the health of the consumer. Among these substances are the antibiotics used to combat or to prevent the appearance of alterations of microbial origin in the food. The development of analytical methods for the identification and quantification of these agents in vegetal products is of great interest, once the chronic exposure to low levels of antimicrobials can promote bacterial resistance to the antibiotics, as well as allergic reactions. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a methodology for the isolation, identification and quantification of residues of oxytetracycline in tomato, which is very sensible to bacterioses, as well as was compared the residual levels found in fruits cultivated in greenhouse and open field. The developed analytical methodology was applied in the analysis of tomatoes purchased in the region of Campinas/SP and Alfenas/MG. The obtained data were compared with the maximum residue limits (MRLs) and the intervals of security established by the Brazilian legislation in conditions in the field. It was validated a method for quantification of antibiotics oxytetracycline and streptomycin in agricultural formulations used for treatment of tomatoes / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos
44

Nanopartículas de prata com efeito medicinal biologicamente sintetizadas por actinomicetos de um fragmento de floresta tropical

Marinho, Nélly Mara Vinhote 19 November 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-05-24T18:42:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-05-24T18:42:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-05-24T18:43:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-24T18:43:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-19 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nanotechnology is a science of nano-sized systems, comprised in a range of 10-9 m, which proposes to create a new organizational structure able to show different behaviors and properties of materials currently known and available. Through integration with biotechnology, the term "nanobiotechnology" may be used to define the use of microorganisms in studies concerning medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, among others. By virtue of their biotechnological potential for synthesizing antibacterial compounds, antifungal, antitumor, and antiparasitic compounds, beyond other substances of industrial interest, filamentous bacteria (actinomycetes) has potential for the development of drugs through biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPS). This study aimed to evaluate the potential of AgNPs synthesis with antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and opportunistic fungi using as source of biomolecules species of actinomycetes. Ten samples of actinomycetes were selected from the collection Collection of Culture-DPUA and were subcultured and authenticated in ISP-2A (malt extract-yeast extract agar), based on morphological characteristics. The identification at the species level was performed by the technique of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). For biogenic synthesis AgNPs, actinomycetes underwent submerged fermentation. The recovered crude extract and biosynthesized nanoparticles were used to determine the antimicrobial activity by agar diffusion method. The AgNPs that showed significant antagonistic action have been used to determine the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), Cytotoxicity and characterized by different techniques, such as UV-Vis, DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), XRD (diffraction X-ray) FTIR (Infrared Spectroscopy Fourier Transform), ICP-OES (Optical Emission Spectroscopy by Inductively Coupled Plasma) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). From these actinomycetes, 100% viable expressed morphological characteristics of Streptomyces. For the test of PCR the following species were identified Streptomyces parvulus (40%), Streptomyces bullii (10%), Streptomyces seoulensis (10%), Streptomyces owasiensis (10%), Streptomyces malasyensis (20%), Streptomyces lavendulae (10%). By the method agar block antimicrobial activity was confirmed and 80% of the bacteria inhibited S. aureus; 30% M. smegmatis and 40% the Candidas (albicans, atlantica and valderwaltii). Only 10% of actinomycetes inhibited the growth of E. coli. When tested across the crude extract to microorganisms test, 50% of the samples inhibited S. aureus; 30% M. smegmatis and 20% proved to be effective against C. albicans, C. atlantica and C. valderwaltii. In these tests the halo diameters varied on average 12 to 29 mm. As for the AgNPs, 100% inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli with halos ranging from 12 to 34 mm. Data indicating the broad spectrum of these bioactive compounds. The AgNPs Streptomyces DPUA 1549, Streptomyces DPUA 1747 and Streptomyces DPUA 1748 showed antagonistic action for greater efficiency. Promising AgNPs showed spherical shape and sizes ranging from 1-40 nm. However, nanoparticles produced by Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1549 were the most efficient with MIC against S. aureus at low concentrations (1.95 μM). Through the images displayed in AFM was observed structural damage on cell membrane of S. aureus. In toxicity tests the AgNPs reduced the proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of this nanomaterial is time dependent. These scientific evidences show the potential application of nanoparticles biosinthesyzed by Streptomyces DPUA 1549 on preparation of products for use in medical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries / A Nanotecnologia é uma ciência de sistemas de tamanho nano, compreendida em uma escala de 10-9 m, que propõe criar uma nova organização estrutural capaz de apresentar comportamentos e propriedades diferentes dos materiais atualmente conhecidos e disponibilizados. Por meio da integração com a biotecnologia, o termo “nanobiotecnologia” pode ser empregado para definir o uso de micro-organismos em estudos voltados as indústrias médica, farmacêutica, cosmética, dentre outras. Em virtude do seu potencial biotecnológico por sintetizarem compostos antibacterianos, antifúngicos, antitumorais, antiparasitários, além de outras subtâncias de interesse industrial, as bactérias filamentosas (actinomicetos) apresentam potencial para o desenvolvimento de medicamentos por meio da síntese biológica de Nanopartículas de Prata (AgNPs). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de síntese de AgNPs com atividade antimicrobiana sobre bactérias patogênicas e fungos oportunistas, utilizando como fonte biomoléculas de espécies de actinomicetos. Dez amostras de actinobactérias foram selecionadas do acervo da Coleção de Cultura-DPUA e foram subcultivados e autenticados em ISP-2A (extrato de levedura-extrato de malte, agar), com base nas características morfológicas. A identificação em nível de espécie foi realizada pela técnica da PCR (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase). Para síntese biogênica de AgNPs, os actinomicetos foram submetidos a fermentação submersa. O extrato bruto recuperado e as nanopartículas biossintetizadas foram utilizados na determinação da atividade antimicrobiana pelo método de difusão em ágar. As AgNPs que apresentaram ação antagônica significativa foram utilizadas para determinação do MIC (Concentração Inibitória Mínima), Citotoxicidade e caracterizadas por diferentes técnicas, como: espectroscopia de UV-Vis, DLS (Espalhamento Dinâmico de Luz), DRX (Difratometria de Raios X), FTIR (Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier), ICP-OES (Espectroscopia Óptica de Emissão por Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado) e TEM (Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão). Dos actinomicetos avaliados, 100% expressaram as características morfológicas viáveis de Streptomyces. Pelo teste da PCR foram identificadas as seguintes espécies, Streptomyces parvulus (40%), Streptomyces bullii (10%), Streptomyces seoulensis (10%), Streptomyces owasiensis (10%), Streptomyces malasyensis (20%), Streptomyces lavendulae (10%). Pelo método bloco de gelose a atividade antimicrobiana foi confirmada e, 80% das bactérias inibiram S. aureus; 30% M. smegmatis e 40% as Candidas (albicans, atlantica e valderwaltii). Apenas 10% dos actinomicetos inibiram o crescimento de E. coli. Quando testado o extrato bruto frente aos micro-organismos teste, 50% das amostras inibiram S. aureus; 30% M. smegmatis e 20% mostrou-se eficiente contra C. albicans, C. atlantica e C. valderwaltii. Nestes testes o diâmetro do halo variou, em média, de 12 e 29 mm. Já para as AgNPs, 100% inibiram o crescimento de S. aureus e E. coli, com halos variando de 12 a 34 mm. Dados que indicam o amplo espectro destes compostos bioativos. As AgNPs de Streptomyces DPUA 1549, Streptomyces DPUA 1747 e Streptomyces DPUA 1748 apresentaram ação antagônica de maior eficiência. As AgNPs promissoras apresentaram forma esférica e tamanhos variando entre 1-40 nm. Contudo, nanopartículas produzidas por Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1549 foram as mais eficientes, apresentando MIC frente a S. aureus, em baixas concentrações (1,95 μM). Por meio das imagens visualizadas em AFM foi possível observar os danos estruturais da membrana celular de S. aureus. Nos testes de toxicidade, as AgNPs reduziram a proliferação de células NIH-3T3. Além disso, a atividade citotóxica deste nanomaterial é dependente do tempo. Estas evidências científicas demonstram a potencial aplicação de nanopartículas biossintetizadas por Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1549 na elaboração de produtos para utilização nas indústrias médicas, cosméticas e farmacêuticas
45

Análise in vitro da citotoxicidade em osteoblastos de dispositivos poliméricos incorporados com antimicrobianos para uso local / In vitro analysis of cytotoxicity in osteoblasts of polymer devices incorporated with antimicrobials for local use

Thais Claudino Lage 08 August 2017 (has links)
Os osteoblastos são células de origem mesenquimal envolvidas na formação óssea. Essas células podem sofrer alterações decorrentes de traumas, intervenções, e infecções. As infecções podem ser minimizadas a partir do uso de antimicrobianos. O poli(L-lactídeo) ou PLLA, é um polímero sintético que se destaca por sua biocompatibilidade e absorção, o qual pode ser utilizado como um liberador farmacológico local, como alternativa à terapêutica antimicrobiana sistêmica. Esse polímero também é empregado como matriz de suporte celular na engenharia de tecidos ósseos, por auxiliar na reparação e regeneração. A incorporação de partículas nesse polímero pode gerar reações adversas, portanto, devemos nos certificar que o dispositivo polimérico incorporado com antimicrobianos não seja citotóxico. Proposição: Analisar a estrutura e a citotoxidade em osteoblastos de dispositivos poliméricos de PLLA incorporados com antimicrobianos, sendo eles: Amoxicilina ou Azitromicina ou Clindamicina ou Metronidazol para uso local. Metodologia: Foram confeccionados 270 dispositivos poliméricos com 6mm de diâmetro composto de PLLA com a incorporação de antimicrobianos a 20%, Amoxicilina (AM) ou Azitromicina (AZ) ou Clindamicina (CL) ou Metronidazol (ME) sendo confeccionados através de dois métodos: eletrofiação (malhas) ou deposição (filmes). Posteriormente, foi realizado o teste de citotoxicidade direta MTT nesses dispositivos com a cultura de osteoblastos em 24, 48 e 72h de experimento. Para análise da estrutura do dispositivo, foram feitas análises macroscópicas através de fotografias digitais e microscópicas com Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV). Resultados: A reação de citotoxidade mostrou que malhas e filmes incorporados à antimicrobianos são compatíveis com a cultura de osteoblastos, não apresentando citotoxicidade em nenhum momento do estudo (p<0.05). Na fotografia pudemos observar que os dispositivos apresentam coloração semelhante em relação às malhas e coloração diferenciada para filmes dependendo do tipo de antimicrobiano incorporado. No MEV, através da análise dos dispositivos pudemos notar que houve diferença no aspecto das superfícies dos filmes, sendo que os filmes de AM apresentaram aspecto irregular e poroso, enquanto AZ aparece liso com alguns grânulos, os de CL e ME possui superfícies ásperas e os de PLLA apresentaram superfície lisa. Quanto às malhas, notamos que todas as amostras apresentaram microfibras e poros que imitam a matriz extracelular, diferenciando-se apenas na espessura das fibras. Houve a presença de osteoblastos em todos os filmes confeccionados, mas os filmes de AM não induziram a proliferação, aparecendo apenas células isoladas. Enquanto nas malhas só foram observados osteoblastos em malhas de AM, ME e PLLA. Conclusão: Os dispositivos poliméricos confeccionados com PLLA incorporados com antimicrobianos podem ser usados na reparação e regeneração óssea uma vez que não apresentaram citotoxicidade em osteoblastos. / Osteoblasts are mesenquima originated cells, which are involved in the bone formation. These cells may suffer alterations due to traumas, interventions and infeccions. The infections can be minimized by the handling of antimicrobials. Poly (L-lactide) or PLLA is a synthetic polymer known for its biocompatibility and absorption, which can be used as a local pharmacological releaser, as an alternative to the systemic antimicrobial therapy. This polymer also can be frequently used as a supporting structure to cellular matrix in the bone tissue engineering as it can be used for support in repair and regeneration. The particle incorporation in this polymer can create side effects, therefore, we need to certificate that the polymeric device incorporated with antimicrobials are not cytotoxic. Proposition: Analyse the structure and cytotoxicity in osteoblasts of PLLA polymeric devices associated with antimicrobials, being them: Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Clindamycin and Metronidazole. Methods: For this study 270 polymerical devices were manufactured with 6mm diameter of PLLA with a 20% antimicrobials incorporation of Amoxicillin (AM), Azithromycin (AZ), Clindamycin (CL) and Metronidazole (ME) that have been produced through two methods: eletrospinning (mesh) or casting (film). Afterwards a MTT cytotoxicity test was made over the periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours of experiment. To make a structural analysis of the device a macroscopic analysis was performed through photographs and microscopic imaging with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: The cytotoxicity reaction exhibited that meshes and films incorporated with antimicrobials are comparable with the osteoblasts culture, indicating that there was no cytotoxicity in any moment (p < 0.05). In the phothograph we could observe that the devices showed a similar coloration among the meshes and different coloration for the films depending on the incorporated antimicrobial. The SEM analysis displayed a difference in the surface appearance of the films. The AM films displayed an irregular and porous appearance, meanwhile, AZ looked smooth with few grains, the CL and ME have rough surfaces and PLLA presents smooth surfaces. As for the meshes, we noticed that all the samples had microfibers and pores that mimic the extracellular matrix, differing only in the thickness of the fibers. Osteoblasts were present in all films but AM did not induce proliferation, with only isolated cells emerging. In meshes osteoblasts were only found in AM, ME and PLLA. Conclusion: Polymeric devices made with PLLA incorporated with antimicrobials can be used in bone repair and regeneration given that they did not offer cytotoxicity for osteoblasts.
46

Resistance of pig pathogens and commensals to antimicrobial drugs : mechanisms and avoidance

Dorey, Lucy Diane January 2016 (has links)
No description available.
47

Evaluation of individual and combined antimicrobial spray treatments on chilled beef subprimal cuts to reduce Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli populations

Acuff, Jennifer Claire January 1900 (has links)
Master of Science / Food Science Institute / Randall K. Phebus / Due to the potential of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) contamination, beef processors use various antimicrobial interventions throughout the slaughter and fabrication processes to reduce risks of contaminating the food supply. Certain antimicrobials are approved and marketed for spraying onto chilled subprimal cuts; however, administering these treatments through commercial-scale equipment against foodborne pathogens is not fully validated. This study evaluated the efficacy of three common antimicrobial sprays, individually (Study 1) and combined (Study 2), against a rifampicin-resistant STEC cocktail (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157:H7) using a commercial style subprimal spray cabinet. For Study 1, beef subprimals (n=16) were mist-inoculated with the cocktail (ca. 5 log CFU/cm²), followed by spray-treatment with individual antimicrobials [200 ppm peracetic acid (PAA), 2% Centron™ (sulfuric acid, sodium sulfate anhydrous and water mixture; CEN), 4.5% lactic acid (LA), or water (W)]. Study 1 was designed as randomized generalized block. After each treatment phase, STEC population reductions were quantified. As individual antimicrobial treatments, LA and PAA provided greater (P ≤ 0.05) STEC reductions (0.5 and 0.6 ± 0.08 log CFU/cm², respectively) compared to water (0.2 ± 0.08 log CFU/cm²), but the CEN reduction (0.4 ± 0.10 log CFU/cm²) was statistically similar to W. To test the efficacy of combined treatments on subprimal cuts in Study 2, a split-plot design was used using three replications. The inoculated subprimals (n=4) were first treated with PAA, LA, CEN, or W; vacuum packaged; and stored for 72 hours at 4°C. Each subprimal was then divided (n=16) and treated with each of the four antimicrobials as a second treatment. Cumulative reductions from the two treatments and storage ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 log CFU/cm² (± 0.3 log CFU/cm²); the greatest reduction was observed when subprimals were treated with LA followed by vacuum packaged storage and another LA application. Nevertheless, there was no statistical significance among treatments for a particular combination of treatments in Study 2. These studies indicate that the individual antimicrobial treatments evaluated are marginally effective for reducing STEC populations on chilled beef subprimal cuts during fabrication. Although there does not seem to be a specific combination of treatment that is more effective than another, the overall bacterial reduction may be improved by combining treatments when the beef is stored under vacuum packaged conditions and retreated upon bag opening, as typical of mechanical tenderization operations.
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Targeted antimicrobial activity of SMAP28 conjugated to IgG antibody

Franzman, Michael Ryan 01 January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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Influence of Inoculum Preparation upon Sensitivity of Common Food Borne Pathogens to Emulsion Based Antimicrobials

Murray, Dillon SD 23 March 2016 (has links)
Antimicrobial optimization procedures use the most resistant bacterial culture that could be present in the food to determine the levels of treatment needed to ensure safety. These procedures usually only focus on one method of preparing these inoculums for testing despite prior research showing that the preparation of the culture can influence how the culture reacts to a treatment. In this work, planktonic cells grown in a liquid media and sessile cells grown on a similar solid media were subjected to identical emulsion based antimicrobial systems. The cultures were monitored over time and their numbers periodically enumerated. Weibullian destruction models were used to characterize bacterial death and the different inoculum preparations were separated using ANOVA statistical tests. Using these models highly significant differences between the different sessile and planktonic methods of growth were found. This difference was also found to not be related to the production of curli used in biofilm formation. These results suggest that the methods of inoculum preparation can be a significant factor in bacterial survival, a factor that should be included in food antimicrobial optimization procedures.
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Evaluating the Impact of Cetylpyridinium Chloride and Peroxyacetic Acid when Applied to Broiler Frames on Salmonella Spp. and the Quality and Sensory Attributes of Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat

Perez, Saxon Morgaine 07 May 2016 (has links)
Broiler frames were treated with antimicrobial solutions of 0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride with CitrilowTM (CPC) or 0.1% peroxyacetic acid (PAA) for contact times of 30 to 120 sec and evaluated for their effectiveness at reducing the incidence of Salmonella spp. on broiler frames and decreasing Salmonellae counts on mechanically separated chicken meat (MSC). MSC samples were evaluated for pH, color, cook loss and protein bind. Results from the preliminary study indicated that 0.5% CPC at 60, 90, and 120 sec achieved higher reduction of Salmonellae on whole broiler frames than CPC at 30 sec or any PAA treatments. In contrast, PAA exposure for 60 sec had greater log reduction of Salmonella spp. on MSC than the other PAA or CPC treatments. On average, CPC treatments were lighter (CIE L*) (P<0.05) than PAA treatments, and PAA treatments were more red (CIE a*) and yellow (CIE b*) (P<0.05) than CPC treatments.

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