Missing pages. / One of the most popular ideas in modern experimental psychology is that a person's needs and attitudes influence his perceptions. Yet the more closely we examine the exact nature of any relationship between motivation and perception, the more controversial that relationship becomes. [...]

Missing pages.

This study looked at how antipathies and the attributions made to our enemies concerning the outcomes of important life events affect one‟s self-esteem, self-efficacy, and task persistence. The results did not support either of the two hypotheses studied. However, it was found that those who succeeded persisted longer on the provided task when attributing the success to their enemy. This could be due to participants believing that they could show up the antipathy, giving them someone to compete against, which in turn lead to higher task persistence. Also, it was found that those who made external attributions while involved with an antipathy got more items correct on the task provided. Making external attributions for events could lead to a desire to prove oneself and in turn increase task persistence.

In the interest of identifying natural substances from marine invertebrates collected off the waters of Taiwan, we have searched the bioactive metabolites from the organic extracts of gorgonian corals Rumphella antipathies and Echinomuricea sp. This study had led to the isolation of thirty compounds (1¡V30), including nine new caryophyllane-related metabolites, rumphellaones A (1), B (2) and C (3), rumphelloic acids A (4) B (5) and C (6), rumphellolides J (7), K (8) and L (9), five new clovane-related metabolites, rumphellclovanes A (12), B (13), C (14), D (15) and E (16), two new disesquiterpenoid dimers, rumphelladimers A (24) and B (25), eight new natural products, (8R,9R)-isocaryolane-8,9-diol (10), 4£],8£]-epoxycaryophyllan-5-ol (11), 9£\-hydroxyclovan-2-one (17), 2£]-hydroxyclovan-9-one (18), clovan-2,9-dione (19), 2£]-acetoxyclovan-9£\-ol (20), 9£\-acetoxyclovan-2£]-ol (21) and 2£],9£]-dihydroxyclovane (22), along with a known compound, clovan-2£],9£\-diol (23) from Rumphella antipathies. In addition, three new labdane-, halimane-, and clerodane-related metabolites, echinolids A (26), B (27) and C (28), a new sesquiterpenoid natural product, (7S,10R)-(+)-10,11-epoxycurcuphenol (29), along with a known compound, (+)-curcuphenol (30) were also found in Echinomuricea sp. The structures of metabolites 1¡V30 were established by spectroscopic methods and by comparison of the spectral data with those of related known compounds. The absolute configurations of clovane-type compounds were determined using a modified Mosher¡¦s method for 23. The biosyntheses of compounds 1¡V5 and 12 were proposed. In the biological activity experiments, compounds 5 and 19 displayed significant inhibitory effects on superoxide anion generation and elastase release by human neutrophils in response to FMLP/CB. Compounds 24 and 27 displayed significant inhibitory effects on elastase release by human neutrophils. Compound 27 was found to exhibit inhibition against the growth of DLD-1 (human colon adenocarcinoma) and Lovo (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) tumor cells.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal