This dissertation presents the design and case study application of a participatory decision-making support tool for appropriate safe water systems development in marginalized low-income communities of the global South. The tool focuses on the resolution of two key design decisions: 1) selecting the appropriate level of application (i.e. household or community level) for a safe water system; and 2) selecting an appropriate water treatment technology (or technologies). The tool breaks the process down into four stages. First are pre-implementation steps which develop a contextualized, baseline understanding of the local community. Second is community-based field research, including focus groups and key informant/informal interviews, to investigate the two key design questions by exploring local preferences, capacities, and circumstances with community-members, government officers, NGO workers, and other stakeholders. Third are analytical steps to integrate information from baseline, informal, and primary research to generate recommendations on the two key design questions. This includes a comparative analysis of household and community level systems; a technology feasibility flowchart; performance assessments of technological alternatives with respect to appropriate technology criteria; and a multi-factor analysis to integrate information from the preceding analytical steps. Fourth are community forums in which further participatory action and research is planned on the basis of the recommendations emerging from the tool. Through these steps, the decision-making support tool guides implementing organizations through the stages of safe water systems design and planning in a manner that centres local people in the process. The tool weaves together several theoretical and methodological strands including humanitarian engineering, post-normal science, appropriate technology, participatory development, grounded theory, engineering decision-making, and water treatment engineering. The case study application of the decision-making support tool was conducted in a marginalized peri-urban community called Mylai Balaji Nagar in Chennai, India. This indicated that a household level approach is more appropriate for the case study community and that the TATA Swach filter, alum coagulation with chlorination, or boiling, in order of decreasing suitability, may be appropriate technologies for household application in the case study community. / Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Department: School of Engineering Advisor: Hall, Kevin / International Development Research Centre (IDRC)

A crucial factor to enable low-income families to participate in the gradual development of their homes is to find a link between their building activities and those of the large-scale building sector. Amidst technological development and increasing demand for housing, the large-scale sector, such as government and private groups, resorted to industrialised housing to replace traditional and conventional building materials and methods. Industrialisation, however, resulted not only in expensive and inappropriate dwellings but also eliminated homeowners from the building process and management of their homes. To bring back the homeowners in the building process, the shift was towards the production of small components and partial prefabrication. / Following the same thrust, there have been numerous innovative building systems for housing developed in the Philippines in the last two decades. Private entrepreneurs develop these building systems either promoting locally invented systems or adapting imported versions. Seeing their potentials, government and private groups are trying to employ them in housing. Despite the growing number of the innovative building systems and the interest to use them, their integration in low-income housing is still limited. / Focusing on Metro Manila, the capital region of the Philippines, the thesis aims to develop a selection model for the effective integration of innovative building systems in low-income housing. The process of integration is not simply using the building systems for mass production of houses but also enabling homeowners to utilise, maintain and sustain them. The proposed model involves sets of selection parameters essential at each stage of the housing delivery based on the homeowners' progressive building process and their criteria for choosing building materials for their homes. To facilitate progressive building and enhance the homeowners' initiative to build, the model also includes design strategies when employing new building systems and suggests the necessary channels to ensure the availability of the building systems, technical assistance and information.

This qualitative study examines how principals support the implementation of the Three-Block Model of Universal Design for Learning (Katz, 2012a), a framework for inclusive school reform. The ways that principals can support inclusive practice may include the way they use systems and structures that fall under their control (Katz, 2012a). Instructional leadership also plays a crucial part in implementing inclusive school reform (Leithwood & Riehl, 2005). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with five Manitoba principals involved in implementation of the Three-Block Model of UDL. Principals were asked about leadership and how they manage systems and structures under their control. Recommendations for practice are made, including the need for the school to be organized to support inclusive practice, for principals to make developing people a key task, and for principals to be highly involved in classroom instruction within the school.

This doctoral thesis deals with the type of architecture that materializes when age-related problems become a long-term condition (LTC) and gradually restrain the individual’s ability to perform activities in daily life (ADL). Their life situation necessitates a support from relatives or municipal eldercare staff in order for them to continue to participate in everyday living. In addition, the architectural space requires a close adjustment to the personal panorama of cognitive or functional impairments. The habitat can be a flat appropriated many years previously or in a residential care home for dependent and frail seniors. Architecture for ageing with dependency demonstrates how space can be used either to affirm or oppress the older person’s attempts to maintain an independent life style. By use of design theory, case study methodology and a heterogeneous research strategy, this study uses a threefold approach—a retrospective, a contemporaneous, and a future-oriented approach—to explore frail older people’s interaction with the architectural space of residential care homes. This has resulted in seven papers that focus on aspects of these human interactions with the built environment. Based on twelve exemplary models, the research paper I concludes that national guidelines result in a homelike, a hotel-like or a hospital-like environment. Research paper II is a retrospective study that examines the use of architecture competitions as a socio-political instrument to define architectural guidelines. Research paper III focuses on dependent seniors’ spatial appropriation of the communally shared space of a ward in a residential care home. Research paper IV employs two environmental assessment methods from the architecture profession and gerontological research (TESS-NH) in order to evaluate the use of interior colouring when refurbishing two residential care homes while the residents remained in place. Research paper V displays a municipal organizer’s considerations to opt for an architecture competition as a means of renewing architecture for the ageing population. Research paper VI examines competition documentation of three municipal architecture competitions organized during the period of 2006 to 2009. Research paper VII, the final study, explores notions concerning the appropriate space for ageing found among a group of municipal representatives, and people from organizations defending older people’s right. It supplies a model for understanding the appropriate space for ageing. This study illustrates the absence of older people with frailties in the public discussion about appropriate architecture for ageing. During the 20th century, the multi-dimensional idea of an architectural space with a homelike appearance has been used to contrast the negatively charged opposite—the complete and austere institution. The overarching conclusion of this study is that architecture for dependent and frail seniors constitutes a particular type of built space that requires an extended dialogue involving dependent seniors, architects, building contractors and care planners in order to conceive appropriate architecture for the ageing society. / QC 20110921

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University, 1987. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 268-276).

La mancanza di una buona dieta ben bilanciata nutrizionalmente, porta al persistente sottosviluppo, in particolare per la capacità fisica e intellettuale delle persone e ha un impatto negativo sullo sviluppo del Paese. La presente tesi di dottorato mirava a valutare le strategie per produrre un cibo appropriato sufficiente, sicuro e sostenibile attraverso la sperimentazione di diverse tecniche di coltivazione e cultivar locali di manioca per identificare quali tecniche e cultivar sono più performanti per aumentare la resa. Dall’altra parte, al fine di contribuire alla diversificazione della produzione del cibo e al miglioramento del piatto tradizionale congolese costituita da più di 80% di carboidrati in particolare la manioca, studi su nuove colture riconosciute contenere dei buoni livelli in proteine, vitamine e minerali come Patata dolce a polpa arancione (Ipomoea batatas) riconosciuta essere ricca soprattutto in provitamina A e quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) riconosciuta in particolare per il suo buon contenuto di aminoacidi ben bilanciato sono state condotte. Come risultato, tra tre tecniche di coltivazione (Ridge, Mound e Flat) per la produzione di manioca e 5 cultivar locali di manioca (Dunda, Kakuanga, Kasongoy, Kasonie, Ngoymuamba) valutati, la coltivazione su Ridge e il culltivar Ngoymuamba hanno dato il risultato più alto (19,2 Mg ha-1 di tuberi freschi), mentre Dunda è stata la cultivar che ha prodotto molto meno (6,8 Mg ha-1 di tuberi freschi). Le cultivar di patata dolce a polpa arancione studiati, hanno dimostrato che il contenuto in β-carotene è ragionevolmente alto perché 87 g di tuberi fresche sono sufficienti per coprire la dose giornaliera raccomandata in vitamina A per gli adulti. Per quinoa, tre cultivar (Pasankalla, Puno, Titicaca) hanno dimostrato di produrre una resa considerevole in quanto la produzione in granella è stata rispettivamente di 2,2 Mg ha-1; 1,9 Mg ha-1; 1,3 Mg ha-1 per Titicaca, Pasankalla e Puno. / The lack of a good diet well balanced nutritionally, leads to the persistent underdevelopment, particularly for the physical and intellectual capacity of the people and impacts negatively on the development of the country. The present doctoral thesis aimed to assess strategies to produce an appropriate food sufficient, safe and sustainable through experimenting different cultivating techniques and local cultivars of cassava for identifying which techniques and cultivars are more performant to increase yield. On the other hand, in order to contribute to the diversification of food production and improvement of the traditional Congolese diet constituted by more than 80% of carbohydrates particularly cassava, new crops recognized to have a better content in protein, minerals, and vitamins such as Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) recognized to be rich especially in provitamin A and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) recognized particularly for its well-balanced amino acids content were studied. As results, among three Planting methods (Ridge, Mound, and Flat) for producing cassava and 5 local cultivars of cassava (Dunda, Kakuanga, Kasongoy, Kasonie, Ngoymuamba) assessed, ridge and culltivar Ngoymuamba resulted to give the highest yield (19.2 Mg ha-1 in fresh roots), while Dunda was the cultivar which produced the lowest yield (6.8 Mg ha-1 in fresh roots). The Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato cultivars studied showed that its content in β-carotene is reasonably high as 87 g per day can cover the whole daily allowances of vitamin A in adults’ people. On the quinoa side, three cultivars (Pasankalla, Puno, Titicaca) demonstrated to produce considerable yield as the production in grain was 2.2 Mg ha-1, 1.9 Mg ha-1, 1.3 Mg ha-1, respectively for Titicaca, Pasankalla and Puno.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-11T18:48:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida.pdf: 1434639 bytes, checksum: 0b9cbdc1186567b45abb32e3df930252 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T17:21:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida.pdf: 1434639 bytes, checksum: 0b9cbdc1186567b45abb32e3df930252 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T17:21:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida.pdf: 1434639 bytes, checksum: 0b9cbdc1186567b45abb32e3df930252 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal analisar o direito a um serviço público judiciário adequado. Opta-se, neste trabalho, por enquadrar a atividade judicial, principalmente no seu aspecto administrativo, entre as modalidades de serviço público. Inúmeras são as vantagens decorrentes deste enquadramento. A principal delas é ampliar o número de critérios aferidores de qualidade para a realização do controle administrativo pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça. O serviço judiciário deve, conforme disposição do art. 175, inc. IV c/c art. 37, caput, da Constituição Federal, ser prestado de forma adequada. Os critérios de adequação relativos a esta atividade podem ser identificados em diversas legislações, quais sejam: Constituição Federal, Lei n.º 8.987/95, Lei n.º 8.078/90, Pacto de San Jose da Costa Rica e a Lei Orgânica da Magistratura Nacional. Além delas, há os critérios impostos pelas decisões do Conselho Nacional de Justiça e aqueles decorrentes dos posicionamentos doutrinários pátrios. Em face do conteúdo jurídico-administrativo destas legislações, das competências e objetivos do Conselho Nacional de Justiça e dos escritos dos mais diversos doutrinadores, pode-se afirmar que existe um direito, de todo e qualquer cidadão, de obter do Estado uma prestação adequada dos seus serviços judiciários. / Salvador

This exploratory, qualitative multiple-site case study examined principals’ expectations of teaching practices and children’s learning for early elementary grade levels (K, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd). Specifically, this study investigated principals’ understanding of developmentally appropriate practices regarding instructional methods, curriculum content, and assessment strategies. This study also examined how these constructs impact leadership decisions and offered contextual examples to exemplify their influence in real-life situations. Data collection included different school configurations (i.e., PreK-1st grade, PreK-3rd grade, K-5th grade, PreK-8th grade), and consisted of multiple data sources – school observations, teacher and principal interviews, questionnaires, teacher evaluations, a video clip, and artifacts. The twelve guidelines of Developmentally Appropriate Practices (DAP) and the Professional Standards of Educational Leaders (PSEL) provided a framework for thematic analysis. Results indicate principals have minimal training in early childhood pedagogy which may impact teacher evaluations and hiring practices. Results also suggest principals’ explicit leadership decisions conflict with DAP (utilization of external rewards, elimination of art, elimination of play, insufficient reporting measures, etc.). These leadership decisions may inhibit student growth, learning, and development including opportunities for self-regulation. Principals’ implicit leadership decisions may also be promoting inappropriate instructional practices (i.e., prescribed curriculum, teacher-directed whole group instruction, lengthy computerized testing, etc.), but data suggests external influences could be a factor as well. Policy implications and practice recommendations are included.

Paula Pessoa, José Manoel Albuquerque de. Tecnologias e técnicas apropriadas para o desenvolvimento sustentável: o caso da indústria cerâmica de Russas-Ce. 2004. 88 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Programa Regional de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente-PRODEMA, Fortaleza-CE, 2004. / Submitted by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-04-28T19:27:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_jmapaulapessoa.pdf: 7474734 bytes, checksum: 2cdff3014f390e9a65de71fb642fb903 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-04-28T19:28:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_jmapaulapessoa.pdf: 7474734 bytes, checksum: 2cdff3014f390e9a65de71fb642fb903 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_jmapaulapessoa.pdf: 7474734 bytes, checksum: 2cdff3014f390e9a65de71fb642fb903 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / The red tile industry of Ceará state is of enormous socio-economic importance in terms of income generation, employment opportunities and supply of products with prices which are accessible to the civil construction sector. This contributes towards improvement of quality of life in alI regions of the state. On the other hand, the aforementioned industrial sector generally causes a significant environmental impact upon extraction of raw materials (clays) without prior technical planning and as a result of making intensive use of wood- burning kilns of low energy-efficiency. This contributes significantly towards desertification, erosion, pollution, loss of biodiversity, devastation of mineral and forest reserves, as well as decharacterization of the landscape and reduction of arable soils. In view of the above, the aim was established of evaluating the current situation from a technological and environmental standpoint in the framework of the ceramic industry in the county of Russas, where there is a large concentration of enterprises in this sector. This aim was accomplished through application of questionnaires in companies and research at the entities responsible, in order to arrive at the most efficient way in which technology and techniques should be employed. It was concluded that the sustainability of the ceramic industry in Russas, in general, is compromised in social, economic and environmental terms. Nevertheless, with implementation of programs and projects geared towards utilization of the technology and techniques suggested, it is believed that the situation can be reverted. / A indústria da cerâmica vermelha no estado do Ceará tem grande importância socioeconômica por gerar renda, emprego e propiciar produtos com preços acessíveis para a construção civil, contribuindo, assim, para a melhoria da qualidade de vida, principalmente por estar presente em todas as regiões do estado. Por outro lado, o setor industrial em questão ocasiona geralmente grande impacto ambiental ao realizar a extração das matérias-primas (argila) sem planejamento técnico prévio e fazer uso intensivo de lenha em fornos com baixa eficiência energética, o que contribui significativamente para a desertificação, a erosão, a poluição, a redução da biodiversidade, o esgotamento das reservas minerais e florestais, a descaracterização da paisagem e a redução dos solos agricultáveis. Diante do exposto, estabeleceu-se como objetivo avaliar a situação atual sob a dimensão tecnológica e ambiental da indústria cerâmica do município de Russas, onde existe a maior concentração de empresas desse setor, através da aplicação de questionários a empresas e da pesquisa junto aos órgãos competentes, apresentando-se a maneira eficiente de empregar as tecnologias e as técnicas. Chegou-se à conclusão de que a indústria cerâmica de Russas, em geral, apresenta sua sustentabilidade comprometida em termos sociais, econômicos e ambientais. No entanto, com a implementação de programas e projetos voltados para a utilização das tecnologias e técnicas sugeridas, acredita-se que a situação possa ser revertida.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Federico Bernardino Morante Trigoso / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia, 2016. / Este trabalho discute o rol das energias renováveis na mediação de processos de desenvolvimento em comunidades rurais carentes, no marco da proposta da soberania alimentar. Esta proposta se apresenta na perspectiva da construção de modelos alimentares socialmente justos e ambientalmente sustentáveis, em resposta ao modelo excludente e energeticamente ineficiente da agricultura industrial. A energia e a tecnologia são considerados dentro do princípio de acesso, controle e gestão dos recursos necessários para a construção da soberania alimentar local. Estes recursos se articulam com uma visão do desenvolvimento associada à satisfação das necessidades básicas e ao fortalecimento da autonomia nas comunidades. Desta forma são mostradas algumas caraterísticas que as tecnologias devem ter para dialogar com os princípios da soberania alimentar, contribuindo com a ampliação das liberdades das pessoas no propósito de alcançar o empoderamento comunitário. Para articular a discussão conceitual foi realizado um estudo de caso em comunidades rurais de Cusco ¿ Peru. As evidências encontradas mostram que as energias renováveis e as tecnologias apropriadas, são uma condição "necessária mas não suficiente" para o desenvolvimento rural comunitário. / This work discusses the rol of the renewable energy in mediation of development process in poor rural communities, having as a frame the proposal of food sovereignty. This proposal is presented in the perspective of building fair socially and environmentally sustainable food models, in response to the exclusionary and energetically inneficient model of industrial agriculture. Energy and technology are considered within the principles of acces, control and management of the resources needed to build the local food soverignty. These resources are articulated with a vision of development associated with the satisfaction of basic human needs and the strengthening of autonomy in the communities. Thus it shows some features that technology should have to dialogue with the principles of food sovereignty, contributing to the expansion of people's freedoms in order to achieve community empowerment. To articulate the conceptual discussion a case study was conducted in rural communities of Cusco - Peru. The evidence found shows that renewable energy and appropriate technologies are a "necessary but not sufficient" condition for rural community development.