This study was an exploration of 450 Utah kindergarten teachers' perceptions of problems children face at the time of kindergarten entry, as well as an examination of the teachers' developmentally appropriate beliefs and practices. Consistent with previous research, teachers' beliefs were found to be more developmentally appropriate than their reported practices. This study also investigated the relationship between both teacher and classroom/school demographics and teachers' developmentally appropriate beliefs and practices. Further, the relationship between teachers' perceptions of children's transition to kindergarten and beliefs, practices, teacher demographics, and classroom/school demographics was studied. Study findings indicated that teachers perceive 20% of kindergarten children as experiencing a difficult school entry, with some teachers reporting 100% of their class as having a difficult entry into kindergarten. Teachers reported 25% of children as not being ready for kindergarten, with about 20% of teachers judging at least half of their class as not being ready, and an additional 7% of teachers estimating that 75% or more of their class was not ready for kindergarten. "Lack of academic skills" was the transition problem rated as most prevalent for kindergarteners, while "immaturity" was the item perceived as the least problematic at kindergarten entry. Findings also exhibited a trend that teachers with more appropriate beliefs perceived a higher percentage of children experiencing very successful entry than did teachers with less appropriate beliefs. Special education and early childhood licensed teachers, as well as those who had received their ESL endorsement, consistently judged "half or more" of their class as having a number of transition problems, including "problems with social skills," as well as "difficulty communicating/language problems," and not having a "non-academic preschool experience." Overall, as the percentage of special education children enrolled increased, and the number of children qualifying for free lunch increased, teachers perceived more children as not ready for school and/or having many problems upon entry. Another trend was that teachers in urban schools consistently reported fewer numbers of children as experiencing successful kindergarten entry, and larger percentages of children as not ready for school. Limitations, implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

The purpose of the study was to determine if a relationship existed between primary teacher beliefs, traditional or developmentally appropriate; and primary teacher practice, traditional or constructivist. A multi-case study design was employed for this qualitative research study. Eight teachers completed the Primary Teacher Questionnaire (PTQ) to determine the study group. Based on their responses to the teacher beliefs questionnaire, 3 teachers were chosen to further participate in the study. Three main research questions were analyzed with individual and cross-case analysis. Triangulation of data included observations, Assessment of Practices in Early Elementary Classrooms (APEEC) scores determined from observation data, and individual teacher interviews. The 3 teachers' initial data from the questionnaire were also used. The teacher with traditional beliefs demonstrated traditional practices. The teacher with developmentally appropriate beliefs demonstrated constructivist practices. The teacher whose beliefs fell in the middle demonstrated practices that were more constructivist than traditional.

No description available.

No description available.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur fritidshemslärare upplever inomhusmiljön och rummens lämplighet för undervisning i fritidshem. Utifrån detta syfte har formulerats två frågeställningar: Hur upplever fritidshemslärare användningen av rum och lokaler och deras lämplighet i relation till undervisning i fritidshem? Vad beskriver fritidshemslärare som ändamålsenliga lokaler och rum för undervisning i fritidshem? Semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes som metod för insamling av empiriskt material för studien vilken utgörs av intervjuer med nio fritidshemslärare från sex olika skolor. Studiens empiriska material har analyserats genom tematisk kvalitativ analys som verktyg och rumsligt perspektiv har använts som teoretisk ansats. Studiens resultat visade att fritidshemslärares upplevelse om inomhusmiljön och rummens lämplighet för undervisning i fritidshem var varierande. De fritidshemslärare som upplevde att lokaler och rum är lämpliga för undervisning i fritidshem menade att det berodde på fungerande arbetslag, samverkan och inflytande över planeringen av lokalerna. Fritidshemslärare som upplevde att lokaler och rum inte lämpar sig för undervisning i fritidshem grundar den uppfattningen på brist på utrymme och rum, bristen på personal, åtstramad budget, avsaknaden av variation av rum, tema-rum, lugna rum, IKT-rum, och rum för värdegrundsarbete. Variation och fler antal rum samt en egen lokal var något som var eftersträvansvärt enligt fritidshemlärare. Sammanfattningsvis visar denna studie att den fysiska inomhusmiljön, materiella och fysiska förutsättningar och främst organisatoriska faktorer i form av samverkan kring samma lokaler med andra verksamheter, som ryms i samma lokaler, upplevs påverka rum och lokalernas lämplighet för fritidshemmets didaktiska praktiker enligt.

<p>Urban Aboriginal health and health-related issues are steeped within the sociohistorical, sociocultural, and sociopolitical experiences of Aboriginal peoples since European contact. Thus, urban Aboriginal health issues are very complex in that they consist of aspects associated with collective as well as individual cultural and political life experiences. Therefore, in order to adequately address Aboriginal health issues a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach is required.</p> <p>This study examines how Anishnawbe Health Toronto, an urban Aboriginal community health centre, addresses the specific healthcare needs of the urban population through a multidisciplinary culturally appropriate healthcare model. As my research evolved, a few themes emerged from the data. First, the health issues experienced by the clientele were inherently complex and simultaneously infused with a culturally collective and individualistic quality. Second, practitioners acknowledged and addressed the complex nature of the clients’ health problems through a unique model of health care created at the centre. Third, the philosophy, infrastructure, and model of health care at Anishnawbe Health Toronto goes beyond the notion of merely offering access to both systems of health care, and instead constitutes an innovative and culturally appropriate system of care which is under Aboriginal control, development and implementation. Therefore, through my analysis of these themes, I conclude that the model of health care developed at the centre is an example of complex solutions designed to address complex Aboriginal health issues and as a result, facilitate the embodiment of self-determination in the area of health care.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>Over the past few years and up to date, many companies around the globe have implemented Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Implementing ERP system in an organisation is considered as an irresistible challenge, with the typical ERP system implementation approach. In correspondent, management in an organisation are facing critical challenges' to make decision on a specific ERP system implementation strategy, however, any considered decision would influence development, testing and ultimately the success of the implementation. Therefore, this thesis aims to examine solution to how organisation can decide or choose the best ERP system implementation strategy and explore the one that could be highly recommended by considering enterprise and consultant perspectives.</p><p> </p><p>In order to accomplish the purpose of this thesis, qualitative and quantitative method of collecting and analysing data were adopted. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through the mean of questionnaire and structure interview. This is one of the reasons why this thesis can be viewed in an inductive and deductive approaches. To this end, exploratory and descriptive knowledge should be derived from this study.</p><p>Analysis of this thesis has discovered that, there are many influencing factors in which organisation needed to be considered when making choice of a particular ERP system implementation strategy. These factors include: (i) Size and Complexity of an organisation (ii) Degree of internationalisation (iii) Number of requirements (iv) Nature of integration and (v) Skills and Experience of people within an organisation.</p><p>In order to choose appropriate strategy for ERP system implementation, organisation should considered to implement a skeleton system in which other application can be added to the systems when it is in operation. Clarification of a business vision that would call for the legacy system replacement or re-modification, is also essential for an organisation to consider. Considering the above statements, organisation should be able to choose appropriate strategy that would fit their business processes.</p><p>Nevertheless, Phased strategy is considered as the best or appropriate implementation strategy in which organisation can rely upon. Exploring Phased strategy simply means that, the problem of making choice of a particular implementation strategy will be minimal. That is; organisations that are willing to implement ERP system can easily consider phased strategy as their best alternative in order to attain success implementation.</p><p> </p>

研究動機與問題：本研究最主要的目的希望能夠將最易被大家忽略的健保醫療檢驗資源使用問題，從實務面上探討，並指認出有效使用醫療檢驗資源的關鍵因素，針對這些因素與措施進行評估，歸納出具體明確可行的方向，提供主管機關做為費用管控的參考，為我國健保永續經營貢獻一份力量。 本研究根據研究動機與目的，設定三個研究問題：1.影響醫師有效的使用醫療檢驗資源的因素有哪些？2.藉由桃園縣執業醫師的看法了解有效使用醫療檢驗資源關鍵因素為何？3.不同執業院所、服務科別、職別的醫師對有效的使用醫療檢驗資源看法是否有差異？ 研究資料與方法：以文獻回顧法、問卷調查法、深度訪談法蒐集資料及驗證資料；研究過程分三個階段進行，第一階段為背景資料與文獻資料的蒐集，瞭解醫療檢驗資源使用現況與問題，並透過訪談實務界菁英驗證文獻與補充資料不足；第二階段依文獻分析與彙整內容設計問卷與訪談大綱；第三階段將回收的問卷編碼、整理後以Excel/2003版與SPSS for window12.0版套裝軟體進行資料分析；深度訪談資料透過內容分析法予以歸納整理分析。獲得研究答案，達成研究目的。 研究結果與建議：量化研究部分，本研究共分送488份問卷，回收318份，回收率為65.1％。並以卡方檢定樣本與母群體並無差異，可代表母群體。質化研究部分，深度訪談三位年資10年以上實務界菁英，建構本研究實務上的概念。歸納研究結果：醫療檢驗資源有效使用的關鍵影響因素有「醫療風險」、「病人就醫行為」與「照護之連續性」3項。根據研究結果，為有效使用醫療檢驗資源，必需減少醫療風險、規範病人就醫行為與進行照護流程改造。 / Background:The purpose of this research is to find out the influencing factors related to the usage of resources for medical examinations under the Taiwanese National Health Insurance (NHI). From the practical point of view, this research focuses on, the first, defining the efficient use of medical test and then finding out the critical factors effecting the efficient usage from medial practitioners’ viewpoints in Taoyuan County, Taiwan. It is expected to provide advisory values to improve the global budget system of NHI. Research Questions: 1.What are the factors influencing doctors to utilize medical examination efficiently? 2.What are the certified medical doctors of Taoyuan County thinking about these factors? 3.Concerning the above factors, do there exist systematic differences among medical doctors from different hospitals, rank of medical doctors and fields of profession? Methods: In this study, author utilizes literature review, questionnaires, and in-depth interview. The survey was divided into three stages. First, related information was collected to clarify the problems of medical examination usage in present situation from both interviewing medical practitioners and literature review. In the 2nd stage, a general questionnaire was designed to administrate to selected medical doctors in Taoyuan County in mid-2008. The last stage was data coding and analyzing by using Excel/2003 and SPSS for Windows. The return rate was 65% (318/488) and there is no difference between population and sample after consistency test. Results and Suggestions The results show that the key factors of efficient medical examination usage are medical risk-aversion of doctors, clinical shopping of patients, and the need to medical care continuity. These exist a greater viewpoint differences between different level of hospital than different ranks or specialties of doctors. These results will lead the author to suggest that the Bureau of NHI needs to promote adequate mediation mechanism to reduce medical risk, to promote inter-hospital patient information sharing system, and to improve the logistic of continuity care.

Bei einer altersgerechten Arbeitsgestaltung mittels digitaler Menschmodelle (DMM) sind die altersbedingten Veränderungen der menschlichen Leistungsfähigkeit zu berücksichtigen. Altersbedingte Veränderungen wie bspw. der Beweglichkeit sind aktuell nur rudimentär bei der virtuellen Arbeitsprozessgestaltung abbildbar. Deshalb wird im Beitrag ein Konzept zur Integration von Altersfaktoren in DMM vorgestellt. Dem User-Centered-Design Prozess folgend, werden die einzelnen Schritte zur Integration von Altersfaktoren am Beispiel der Beweglichkeit dargestellt. Dazu werden die erhobenen Nutzeranforderungen und die Darstellung der nutzerorientierten Konfiguration der Altersfaktoren im DMM dargestellt. Im Ergebnis wird gezeigt, wie altersbedingte Veränderungen der menschlichen Leistungsfähigkeit in DMM nutzer-orientiert eingebunden werden können. Dem Nutzer soll damit perspektivisch eine effektive und effiziente altersgerechte Gestaltung in DMM mittels akkurater, relevanter Daten sowie geeigneter Unterstützung ermöglicht werden.

In the introduction of theoretical part, a sport discipline In line skating is described. Legislative aspect together with use of cycle paths is considered.The second chapter describes system of cyclopaths in the cities. Following chapters are describing the concept of parks and cyclopaths development in the rural area until 2020. Next, the work establishes criteria for evaluation of locations discussed in charter 5. Theoretical part of this work discusses in chapter six general rules for cyclopaths and park use. In chapter seven traffic signalization and in line skaters' equipment are discussed. Further chapters focus on sport and safety equipment. In the end of theoretical part of chapter ten and eleven I comment on particularities of in line skating education for children 7- 10 years old. Practical part describes mapping and evaluation of 10 selected cyclopaths located on the left side of Vltava River and close surroundings in chapter 12-13. Chapter 14 is dedicated to in-line skating and its categories. In the end of the practical part, the structure and methodology of teaching lesson of in-line skating is depicted together with description of basics of in line skating. Appendix consists of graphical comparison of results from public survey Keywords In-line skating, skating lessons, mapping of...