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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

利益與服務的雙向拉扯:宜蘭縣醫療資源發展研究 / Tug-of-war between earnings and charity: developmental research of medical resources in Yilan County

張雅涵, Chang, Ya Han Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以宜蘭縣人口數據以及醫院、診所與藥局的資料,試圖瞭解宜蘭縣醫療資源分佈的狀況,並利用GIS統計地圖的方式呈現。 研究結果中發現,宜蘭縣內醫療資源的分配尚維持在配合舊有的⼈口分佈上,資源分配的狀況並未配合⼈口分佈的改變,以至於如冬山鄉、五結鄉人口數緩慢上升,但相應的醫療機構如診所、藥局並沒有隨之增加。醫療資源的分佈雖然過度集中於宜蘭市與羅東鎮,但透過政府的力量,偏鄉地區如大同鄉、南澳鄉仍存在少數的診所、藥局。若將宜蘭縣的醫療資源分佈搭配人口數據來看,不管是所有年齡層,或針對老年人口,各村里間差距並不大。另外,又以醫療生態系統來看,診所或藥局或朝向醫院集中,形成一以醫院為中心的醫療生態體系。 醫療需求對於人類來說,是增加存活機會、延長壽命的一大要素,人類健康的程度、壽命的長短也與其所擁有的醫療資源多寡有關,醫療需求對於人類俱有一定的重要性;因此,在醫療資源發展愈趨充沛下,更應該審慎評估醫療資源分配的狀況。
2

身體質量指數對台灣健保支出的影響

許秀李 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣地區由於社會經濟蓬勃發展,國民平均所得逐年增加,生活、飲食習慣有所改變,高熱量、高脂肪及低纖維食品成為國人食物主要來源之ㄧ,進而導致熱量和脂肪的過度攝取,及營養供給的不均衡。台灣1998年公告的第三次全國營養調查結果顯示,國人身體質量指數有上升趨勢。 身體質量指數偏低或過高都有較高的死亡率。很多的研究顯示,許多慢性疾病的罹患率和死亡率會隨者身體質量指數的上昇而增加,故肥胖本身是一個獨立的危險因素。根據衛生署最新的資料統計顯示,2005年台灣地區主要死亡原因腦血管疾病、心臟疾病、糖尿病、高血壓分別為十大死因的第二、三、四及十位。肥胖與醫療資源利用及醫療費用亦逐年上升。 本研究欲以身體質量指數為衡量指標,進行體重過重、肥胖者與台灣健保醫療資源利用是否相關性之實證研究探討,並了解其對健保財務負擔影響程度,是否值得重視。研究資料取自國民健康局於2001年執行之「國民健康訪問調查」抽樣樣本,連結健保利用資料,並採最小平方法(ordinary least squares,OLS)為實證分析之方法。本研究以全樣本及男性樣本之模型實證結果發現,身體質量指數過低或過高,都會增加健保門診費用效果;個人的身體質量指數對門診健保費用的影響,並非線性,而是呈現U型的曲線。值得注意的是,以女性樣本之模型,身體質量指數並未顯著地影響健保門診就醫情形,這可能是台灣女性平時較注重健康,會留意體重的變化,以防止體重體重過輕或過重而引起病痛。 關鍵詞:身體質量指數、健保支出、醫療資源利用 / The Body Mass Index (BMI) Impact to the Expenditure of National Health Insurance on Taiwan Abstract Due to economic grows vigorously on Taiwan, the average income per person increase extremely year by year. Consequently, the living style and eating habit have significantly changes in searching major foods always with high colorific, full fat and low fiber. Therefore, it causes the body absorbing excessively of the colorific and fat as well as in unbalance supply of nutrition. The result of the third Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) announced in Year 1998, the Taiwanese’ Body Mass Index was toward to rise. Either lower or higher of Body Mass Index is always subjected higher death rate. Many researches show, there are high correlation coefficient between high percentage of chronic morbidity and death and up trends of Body Mass Index. Therefore, the obesity itself will be an independent dangerous factor. According to newest statistics of National Health Administration, Year 2005 in Taiwan, the main death reason from brain blood vessel disease, heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure are ranking at the second, third, fourth and tenth of top ten cause of death respectively. Also the obesity is significantly associated with excess medical care cost and resources of hospitalization rising up year by year. This Research tends to apply Body Mass Index to be an indication of health measuring. Study and discuss the high correlation coefficient between overweighed and obesity and consuming resources of hospitalization of Taiwan. Meanwhile, it deserves paying more attention for understanding the influence level of financial to health insurance. The present data were derived from Bureau of Health Promotion which committee was implemented the National Health Interview Survey at Year 2001 and directly link to expenditure of National Health Insurance. The study method is adopting ordinary least squares (OLS) for real case analysis. This research discovered with the result of study model using completed samples and male samples, either lower or higher of the Body Mass Index will increase outpatient medical care cost. And there was a U-shaped association between Body Mass Index and outpatient medical care cost but liner-shaped. It deserves paying attention to the model of the samples of female, the Body Mass Index do not obviously encouraging them to see a doctor. Because of Taiwanese women relatively focus on the health regular, will look out for the change of the weight, in order to prevent the weight from being underweight or overweight and causing the illness. Keyword: Body Mass Index, expenditure of health insurance, resources of hospitalization
3

台灣地區中老年人健康狀況與醫療資源利用之探討

林于斐 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討影響台灣地區中老年人醫療資源利用的因素,尤其針對健康狀況該類變數,並加以比較中年人與老年人在健康狀況、醫療資源使用上,是否有其差異之處。 研究資料取自衛生署家庭計畫中心於1999年所進行的「台灣地區老人保健與生活問題長期追蹤調查」。本研究之研究對象為50歲以上之中老年人,故有效樣本為2,021人。在分析方法上,先利用序列機率模型(ordered probit model)估計中老年人自評健康狀況;接著以probit模型討論影響中老年人醫療資源利用之要素為何,其中將醫療資源限縮為住院、西醫門診、中醫門診三個面向;最後則是採用multinominal logit模型來探討中老年人如何選擇使用中、西醫門診資源。 本研究所得出的結論大致可歸納如下:當教育程度越高、居住在都市地區、有宗教信仰、體重未過重、目前仍有配偶、擁有個人所得、日常生活活動沒有困難、工具性日常生活活動沒有困難、慢性病數越少、有喝酒、沒有嚼檳榔、平常有運動習慣,則中老年人的自評健康狀況較佳;比較影響中年人與老年人對本身健康衡量好壞最主要差異在於婚姻狀態、同住子女數。在醫療資源利用上,不論是住院、中醫門診、西醫門診,中老年人都會因為自身健康狀況出現問題而增加醫療服務的使用,但主觀的自評健康好壞僅影響住院該項醫療資源;另外,影響中年人與老年人在醫療資源使用上的差異是以自評健康狀況為主。在選擇使用中、西醫門診時,中老年人則受到個人特性及健康狀況之影響。因此,中老年人在醫療資源的利用上,仍舊是以「健康」為主要影響因素。
4

醫師對影響醫療檢驗資源有效使用因素之看法-以桃園縣執業醫師為例 / A study of influencing factors related to efficient use of medical exanimation resources: the perspective of certified medical doctors in Taoyuan County, Taiwan

劉麗文 Unknown Date (has links)
研究動機與問題:本研究最主要的目的希望能夠將最易被大家忽略的健保醫療檢驗資源使用問題,從實務面上探討,並指認出有效使用醫療檢驗資源的關鍵因素,針對這些因素與措施進行評估,歸納出具體明確可行的方向,提供主管機關做為費用管控的參考,為我國健保永續經營貢獻一份力量。 本研究根據研究動機與目的,設定三個研究問題:1.影響醫師有效的使用醫療檢驗資源的因素有哪些?2.藉由桃園縣執業醫師的看法了解有效使用醫療檢驗資源關鍵因素為何?3.不同執業院所、服務科別、職別的醫師對有效的使用醫療檢驗資源看法是否有差異? 研究資料與方法:以文獻回顧法、問卷調查法、深度訪談法蒐集資料及驗證資料;研究過程分三個階段進行,第一階段為背景資料與文獻資料的蒐集,瞭解醫療檢驗資源使用現況與問題,並透過訪談實務界菁英驗證文獻與補充資料不足;第二階段依文獻分析與彙整內容設計問卷與訪談大綱;第三階段將回收的問卷編碼、整理後以Excel/2003版與SPSS for window12.0版套裝軟體進行資料分析;深度訪談資料透過內容分析法予以歸納整理分析。獲得研究答案,達成研究目的。 研究結果與建議:量化研究部分,本研究共分送488份問卷,回收318份,回收率為65.1%。並以卡方檢定樣本與母群體並無差異,可代表母群體。質化研究部分,深度訪談三位年資10年以上實務界菁英,建構本研究實務上的概念。歸納研究結果:醫療檢驗資源有效使用的關鍵影響因素有「醫療風險」、「病人就醫行為」與「照護之連續性」3項。根據研究結果,為有效使用醫療檢驗資源,必需減少醫療風險、規範病人就醫行為與進行照護流程改造。 / Background:The purpose of this research is to find out the influencing factors related to the usage of resources for medical examinations under the Taiwanese National Health Insurance (NHI). From the practical point of view, this research focuses on, the first, defining the efficient use of medical test and then finding out the critical factors effecting the efficient usage from medial practitioners’ viewpoints in Taoyuan County, Taiwan. It is expected to provide advisory values to improve the global budget system of NHI. Research Questions: 1.What are the factors influencing doctors to utilize medical examination efficiently? 2.What are the certified medical doctors of Taoyuan County thinking about these factors? 3.Concerning the above factors, do there exist systematic differences among medical doctors from different hospitals, rank of medical doctors and fields of profession? Methods: In this study, author utilizes literature review, questionnaires, and in-depth interview. The survey was divided into three stages. First, related information was collected to clarify the problems of medical examination usage in present situation from both interviewing medical practitioners and literature review. In the 2nd stage, a general questionnaire was designed to administrate to selected medical doctors in Taoyuan County in mid-2008. The last stage was data coding and analyzing by using Excel/2003 and SPSS for Windows. The return rate was 65% (318/488) and there is no difference between population and sample after consistency test. Results and Suggestions The results show that the key factors of efficient medical examination usage are medical risk-aversion of doctors, clinical shopping of patients, and the need to medical care continuity. These exist a greater viewpoint differences between different level of hospital than different ranks or specialties of doctors. These results will lead the author to suggest that the Bureau of NHI needs to promote adequate mediation mechanism to reduce medical risk, to promote inter-hospital patient information sharing system, and to improve the logistic of continuity care.
5

兒童醫療補助對醫療資源利用不均之影響 / The Impact of Children Subsidy Program on the Access and Utilization of Health Care among Young Children

程千慈, Cheng, Chien Tzu Unknown Date (has links)
為了「減輕家庭負擔,使3歲以下兒童獲得適切的健康照顧,促進其身心正常發展」,內政部兒童局自2002年起實施「三歲以下兒童醫療補助計畫」,並且已有研究證實此政策確實有效以免除部分負擔的方式降低兒童就醫門檻,增加兒童的醫療利用。然而,在我國面臨醫療資源分布不均與貧富差距逐漸擴大的同時,政策效果的分配是否公平有待商榷。由於兒童一旦滿三歲即不再受政策補助,本研究使用2004年至2009年健保資料庫中就醫年紀滿三歲前後二十週的兒童為樣本,依其居住地區與在固定居住地區下依其家庭所得條件分組,觀察各組兒童滿三歲前後醫療利用的變化並比較組間差別,使用RDD (regression discontinuity design) 分析政策在兒童滿三歲時造成的斷點是否顯著。 實證結果顯示,在依居住地區分組下,兒童滿三歲不受補助後,西醫門診以醫療資源不足區醫療利用的下降最為顯著;西醫急診以醫療資源過剩區醫療利用下降最為顯著,而不論西醫門診或西醫急診,皆以醫療資源不足區的價格彈性最大,其中西醫門診與急診間的替代關係對估計結果有一定的影響。在固定居住地區下依家庭所得條件分組下,各居住地區均以低所得組受政策效果較顯著,醫療資源不足區的低所得組以西醫門診政策效果最為顯著;過剩區的低所得組則以西醫急診政策效果最為顯著。兩種分組依據下的結果均顯示,醫療資源分布不均造成的低落醫療可近性無法以兒童醫療補助計畫消弭。
6

台灣全民健保被保險人保費負擔與其醫療費用支出之公平性研究 / Equity between the Insurees' premium Burden and Their Medical Care Expenditures in Taiwan's National Health Insurance Scheme

黃子溦, Huang, Tzu-Wei Unknown Date (has links)
通常在談論健康照護的公平性時,主要分成垂直公平與水平公平兩種。在健康照護財務面的垂直公平意指有較高所得或經濟能力者,應支付較高的保費;水平公平意指,有相同所得或經濟能力者,應支付相同的保費。在健康照護提供面的垂直公平意為有不同需要者,應有不同的治療;水平公意為有相同需要者,應有相同的治療。然而由於提供面的垂直公平較難界定其程度,故多數學者在提供面僅談水平面,而本研究亦採相同的論點來分析被保險人在保費負擔與其醫療費用支出之公平性問題。 本研究資料係採用鄭文輝教授等在1996、1997年研究之原始資料,包括85年度的健保承保檔、醫療利用紀錄檔及財稅資料中心之綜合所得稅檔。利用逐步迴歸或probit二分法迴歸方式進行保險對象自付保費負擔與其醫療費用支出之間的公平性探討。 本研究實證結果簡述如下: 一、在被保險人自付保費負擔公平性方面,存在違反垂直公平或水平公平的情況,可能之原因如下: 1.投保金額分級表的上下限差距過小,使所得愈高,其保費增加的比例形成累退。 2.在投保金額分級表中每一等級仍有上下限之規定。 3.三類投保金額過低,與其所得分配差異過大。 4.眷口數計費採論口計費,而通常所得愈低,眷口數有愈多的現象,故論口計費將使得所得較低者之保費負擔加重或同樣所得水準者,負擔不相同的保費情形。 5.各類目均適用同一費率,且同一類目之自付比率均相同,無法有效發揮所得重分配效果。 二、個人醫療費用支出的差異及其與保費或所得高低之間的公平性 1.門診費用受到所得因素影響,個人所得愈高,門診費用有愈高的現象;且因為重症而就醫者仍為少數,以其他一般症狀就醫者仍占多數。 2.重症患者或罹患十大死因患者,多以所得較低或保費較低者居多,顯示全民健保的開辦,確實為較低收入者或較弱勢族群減輕就醫上之財務負擔。 3.由於男性罹患重症之比率較女性高,故雖然女性的門診次數與費用較男性高,但在個人總醫療費用上均以男性較高,可能與其生活、就醫習慣有關;而隨著年齡的增加,個人醫療利用情形與費用均逐漸增加,但對於中壯年人口之男性而言,個人醫療費用有逐漸上升趨勢,值得注意。 故對我國全民健保之政策性建議,為使所得重分配的效果得以發揮,在保費負擔方面,建議提高投保金額分級的上下限差距,且縮短等級之間的上下限,分級數愈多,愈能表現出公平性;眷口數計費改採論被保險人計費;三類投保金額與自付比率應調高。在醫療費用分配方面,為抑制所得較高或保費負擔較多者對醫療資源的不當利用,本文建議改採定率部分負擔、改善城鄉醫療資源分配,保障內容改採保大不保小,抑制不必要及小額的醫療支出,讓社會保險的自助、互助及他助精神得以發揮。 未來期能利用數年的歷年資料,來分析個人或家戶在時間上之所得、保費負擔與醫療費用支出三者之間的分配情形,以更能深入瞭解政策之改變,帶來之效果。 / Equity is widely acknowledged to be an important policy objective in the health care field. The principle comes in two versions: a horizontal version (persons in equal need should be treated the same) and a vertical version (persons with greater needs should be treated more favourably the those with lesser needs). The purpose of this study is to investigate the equity between the insurees’ premium burden and their medical care expenditures in Taiwan's National Health Insurance Scheme. The sample combines two sets of data, which are data for the insured and their dependents’ premiums and medical expenditures of utilization obtained from the Bureau of NHI ; individual income tax return data obtained from the Data Processing Center of the Ministry of Finance. According the data, we will be able to use the regression model of stepwise and probit methods to analysis the purpose of this study. The major findings are twofold: First, at present the regulations in the premium exists the horizontal and vertical the inequity, so the system can't bring the income replaecment, About medical dilvery, NHI is favorable person lower-income. To achieve ability to pay, the gap between the upper and bottom of insured payroll-related amount class should be lengthened. And to lighten the burden of insuree with dependents. Second, in the medical delivery deductible amounts paid by beneficiaries will be changed from fixed amounts to fixed rate to control the wasting medical resource.

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