No description available.

A proposta do presente estudo é investigar a aquisição de comportamento verbal em uma pesquisa longitudinal com uma criança de desenvolvimento típico dos dezoito meses aos dois anos de idade, adotando como unidade de análise os operantes verbais propostos por Skinner (1957). O objetivo do trabalho é analisar as respostas verbais emitidas pela criança e pelo acompanhante em situações naturais em termos de operantes verbais e tentar identificar relações entre a emissão de operantes do acompanhante e da criança, de maneira a investigar possíveis padrões de interação na aquisição de comportamento verbal. Foram registradas e transcritas trinta e quatro sessões com duração média de quinze minutos por semana. Os dados foram analisados baseados em categorias criadas a partir dos operantes verbais propostos por Skinner (1957). Os resultados apontam um aumento abrupto na frequência acumulada da emissão das categorias de tatos, mandos, ecóicos e intraverbais da criança a partir dos vinte meses de idade. Esse aumento também ocorre simultaneamente na frequência acumulada da emissão das mesmas categorias do acompanhante. A categoria mais emitida pela criança foi a de tatos, enquanto que a categoria com mais emitida pelos acompanhantes foi a de mandos / The purpose of the present study is to investigate the acquisition of verbal behavior in a longitudinal research with a typical development child from eighteen months of age until two years old, adopting as unit of analysis Skinner´s (1957) verbal operants. The aim of the present work is to analyze verbal responses emitted by the child and the caretakers in a natural setting in terms of verbal operants and try to identify relations between the emission of operants by caretakers and the child, investigating possible interaction patterns in the acquisition of verbal behavior. Thirty four sessions of fifteen minutes of duration were registered per week and then transcript. Data were analyzed based upon categories created from Skinner´s verbal operants (1957). Results show a rapidly increase in the emission of tact, mand, echoic and intraverbal categories of the participant after twenty months of age. This increase also happened simultaneously in the emission of the same categories of the caretaker. The most emitted category of the child was the tacts, while the most emitted category by the caretaker was the mands

A proposta do presente estudo é investigar a aquisição de comportamento verbal em uma pesquisa longitudinal com uma criança de desenvolvimento típico dos dezoito meses aos dois anos de idade, adotando como unidade de análise os operantes verbais propostos por Skinner (1957). O objetivo do trabalho é analisar as respostas verbais emitidas pela criança e pelo acompanhante em situações naturais em termos de operantes verbais e tentar identificar relações entre a emissão de operantes do acompanhante e da criança, de maneira a investigar possíveis padrões de interação na aquisição de comportamento verbal. Foram registradas e transcritas trinta e quatro sessões com duração média de quinze minutos por semana. Os dados foram analisados baseados em categorias criadas a partir dos operantes verbais propostos por Skinner (1957). Os resultados apontam um aumento abrupto na frequência acumulada da emissão das categorias de tatos, mandos, ecóicos e intraverbais da criança a partir dos vinte meses de idade. Esse aumento também ocorre simultaneamente na frequência acumulada da emissão das mesmas categorias do acompanhante. A categoria mais emitida pela criança foi a de tatos, enquanto que a categoria com mais emitida pelos acompanhantes foi a de mandos / The purpose of the present study is to investigate the acquisition of verbal behavior in a longitudinal research with a typical development child from eighteen months of age until two years old, adopting as unit of analysis Skinner´s (1957) verbal operants. The aim of the present work is to analyze verbal responses emitted by the child and the caretakers in a natural setting in terms of verbal operants and try to identify relations between the emission of operants by caretakers and the child, investigating possible interaction patterns in the acquisition of verbal behavior. Thirty four sessions of fifteen minutes of duration were registered per week and then transcript. Data were analyzed based upon categories created from Skinner´s verbal operants (1957). Results show a rapidly increase in the emission of tact, mand, echoic and intraverbal categories of the participant after twenty months of age. This increase also happened simultaneously in the emission of the same categories of the caretaker. The most emitted category of the child was the tacts, while the most emitted category by the caretaker was the mands

<p>Denna uppsats beskriver skillnader i förvärvskalkyler och hur olikheter i värdering därigenom uppkommer. Anledningen är att riskkapitalbolag verksamma inom private equity tycks vinna budstrider mot strategiska köpare, vilka har för avsikt att förvärva bolag för att skapa synergieffekter. Detta tycks ologiskt då riskkapitalbolagen snarare borde värdera förvärven lägre, till följd av att de inte kan inräkna synergieffekter. Studien utgår ifrån en jämförelse av ett riskkapitalbolag och en strategisk köpare, båda aktiva i Sverige. Vi undersöker deras värderingsmetodik och inställning till förvärvsfinansiering, samt påverkan av företagens verksamhetsinriktning. Riskkapitalbolaget har enligt våra resultat en flexibel kalkyl där de, i motsats till den strategiska köparen, värderar förvärvet enskilt samt vid värderingen koncentrerar sig på dess avkastning. Detta beror på att avkastningen uppnås när riskkapitalbolaget säljer vidare bolaget och att de som investerar i riskkapitalbolagets fonder praktiskt taget endast kan erhålla avkastning när en fond upplöses. Den strategiska köparen måste däremot ta hänsyn till fler faktorer, till följd av att förvärvet när det integreras i verksamheten påverkar koncernen. Dess investerare förväntar sig dessutom löpande effektiv avkastning. Riskkapitalbolagets flexibilitet beror huvudsakligen, enligt vår argumentation, på att de värderar förvärvet enskilt och inte avser integrera det i en koncern. Således pekar denna studie på att en möjlig förklaring till att riskkapitalbolag bjuder över strategiska köpare är att de ges större frihet av sina kapitalägare.</p> / <p>This thesis describes differences methods of calculating the value of an aquisition and how these lead to differences in valuation of the target. The background to the study is that private equity-groups have won bidding contests against strategic buyers, who can include synergies in the calculation. This seems illogical, as the private equity-group should value the aquisition lower due to lack of synergies. The main element of the study is a comparison of two swedish players; a private equity-fund and a strategic buyer. We focus the examination to the approaches to valuation, financing and to a certain extent, their operations. We have found that the private equity-fund, in contrast to the strategic buyer, has a more flexible calculation in which they isolate the aquisition and base the calculation upon a fixed rate of return. This approach is used because the private equity-group recieves their payoff when the company they aquire is sold on to another buyer, and because their investors only profits when the fund is dispersed. The strategic buyer, on the other hand, must consider how the aquisition affect the entire group and the fact that their investors require constant effective returns. We argue that the private equity-group can use the flexible approach because they don´t intend to integrate the aquisition. Thus, the study indicates that a possible explanation to why private equity-groups can outbid strategic buyers is because of their freedom in fund management.</p>

Denna uppsats beskriver skillnader i förvärvskalkyler och hur olikheter i värdering därigenom uppkommer. Anledningen är att riskkapitalbolag verksamma inom private equity tycks vinna budstrider mot strategiska köpare, vilka har för avsikt att förvärva bolag för att skapa synergieffekter. Detta tycks ologiskt då riskkapitalbolagen snarare borde värdera förvärven lägre, till följd av att de inte kan inräkna synergieffekter. Studien utgår ifrån en jämförelse av ett riskkapitalbolag och en strategisk köpare, båda aktiva i Sverige. Vi undersöker deras värderingsmetodik och inställning till förvärvsfinansiering, samt påverkan av företagens verksamhetsinriktning. Riskkapitalbolaget har enligt våra resultat en flexibel kalkyl där de, i motsats till den strategiska köparen, värderar förvärvet enskilt samt vid värderingen koncentrerar sig på dess avkastning. Detta beror på att avkastningen uppnås när riskkapitalbolaget säljer vidare bolaget och att de som investerar i riskkapitalbolagets fonder praktiskt taget endast kan erhålla avkastning när en fond upplöses. Den strategiska köparen måste däremot ta hänsyn till fler faktorer, till följd av att förvärvet när det integreras i verksamheten påverkar koncernen. Dess investerare förväntar sig dessutom löpande effektiv avkastning. Riskkapitalbolagets flexibilitet beror huvudsakligen, enligt vår argumentation, på att de värderar förvärvet enskilt och inte avser integrera det i en koncern. Således pekar denna studie på att en möjlig förklaring till att riskkapitalbolag bjuder över strategiska köpare är att de ges större frihet av sina kapitalägare. / This thesis describes differences methods of calculating the value of an aquisition and how these lead to differences in valuation of the target. The background to the study is that private equity-groups have won bidding contests against strategic buyers, who can include synergies in the calculation. This seems illogical, as the private equity-group should value the aquisition lower due to lack of synergies. The main element of the study is a comparison of two swedish players; a private equity-fund and a strategic buyer. We focus the examination to the approaches to valuation, financing and to a certain extent, their operations. We have found that the private equity-fund, in contrast to the strategic buyer, has a more flexible calculation in which they isolate the aquisition and base the calculation upon a fixed rate of return. This approach is used because the private equity-group recieves their payoff when the company they aquire is sold on to another buyer, and because their investors only profits when the fund is dispersed. The strategic buyer, on the other hand, must consider how the aquisition affect the entire group and the fact that their investors require constant effective returns. We argue that the private equity-group can use the flexible approach because they don´t intend to integrate the aquisition. Thus, the study indicates that a possible explanation to why private equity-groups can outbid strategic buyers is because of their freedom in fund management.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Spanish and Portguese, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-52).

Orientador: Elnatan Chagas Ferreira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T08:58:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_NestorEzequielde_M.pdf: 11297935 bytes, checksum: f508b0e6ae1a58f18ecbebc7879ff5fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Aproximadamente 40% da energia total produzida no mundo é consumida no setor de transporte, tendo criado uma grande demanda para estudos de fontes alternativas de energia para os veículos. Este trabalho acadêmico tem como por objetivo apresentar um estudo desenvolvido com veículos elétricos (VEs), com o desenvolvimento de projeto de circuitos eletrônicos de aquisição de dados e condicionamento de sinais das grandezas elétricas e mecânicas, tais como tensão da bateria, corrente elétrica consumida, carga da bateria, temperatura, RPM do motor, velocidade da moto elétrica, sendo que todos os dados são georeferenciados. Estes dados fornecem informações importantes sobre as características e o desempenho das motos elétricas estudadas, além de revelar informações que podem demonstrar a viabilidade de se utilizar este veículo em aplicações comerciais. São apresentados os resultados obtidos com o monitoramento destes VEs durante 12 meses. / Abstract: Approximately 40% of the total energy produced in the world is consumed in the transport sector, having created a great demand for studies of alternative sources of energy for the vehicles. This academic work has as for objective to present a study developed with electric motorcycles (VEs), with the development of project of electronic circuits of acquisition of data and conditioning of signs of the electric and mechanical greatness, such as tension of the battery, consumed electric current, load of the battery, temperature, RPM of the motor, speed of the electric moto, and everybody the data are georeferencing. These data supply important information on the characteristics and the acting of the studied electric motorcycles, besides revealing information that can demonstrate the viability of using this vehicle in commercial applications. The results obtained with the monitoration of these (VEs) for 12 months are presented. / Mestrado / Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

The master’s thesis aims to evaluate the existence of the financial synergistic effect concerning consolidating companies in the construction industry area. For this purpose three appropriate financial indicators, which are to be calculated separately for the parent company and the concern, will be proposed. The subsequent comparison of these values will enable us to determine if the positive financial synergistic effects were achieved in the researched area.

Despite language differences, English Language Learners (ELLs) in U.S. public schools are assessed by the same standardized tests of English Language Arts (ELA) skills as are their English-speaking peers. ELLs have routinely performed poorly on the New York State ELA standardized assessment. ELLs are a significant portion of the population in New York City public schools; therefore, their continued poor performance puts some of these schools at risk for closure. Guided by Thomas's and Collier's framework for understanding Dual Language Immersion programs, the purpose of this quantitative quasi-experimental, archival study was to determine if significant differences in ELA standardized assessment scores exist for ELLs attending an English as a New Language (ENL) program when compared to those attending a Dual Language (DL) program. A mixed-model ANOVA (N = 24 ELLs tested in 2014, 2015, and 2016) indicated that scores increased significantly during the 3-year period, but there were no significant differences in scores for the ENL program students compared to the DL program students. An ANCOVA (N = 366 ELLs tested in 2016 evenly distributed in each program) showed that, when controlling student disability status, DL program students scored significantly higher than ENL program students. These findings formed the basis of a professional development curriculum designed to guide educators and administrators in the implementation of effective DL programs and teaching strategies to support ELLs' achievement. When supported with research-based programs in their schools, ELLs can achieve more academically, thereby fostering social change over time as more ELLs enter the workforce uniquely qualified to succeed in a diverse, global economy.

Graphical information presented as pictures, graphs, maps, and the like are an important media for relaying knowledge and are a fundamental means of education rarely experienced by people who are blind or have a severe visual impairment. This thesis presents the design, development and testing of a multiple finger, haptic matrix dynamic display device capable of relaying graphical information through simulated textures. The design is based on user perception studies that determined which hand constraints provided the best tradeoff between simplicity of design, accuracy and time to answer. The best design was one that incorporated multiple fingers in close proximity to each other and restricted wrist rotation. Upon further testing after the development of the device, evidence was gathered to show its effectiveness. Although subjects could determine key information from the simulated textures, there is a clear mismatch between the simulated representations of the objects and their tactile or embossed counterparts. There is some evidence that shows that the spatial resolution of the actuators may be a source of this error and also some evidence to state that it is the inability to track the edges that causes the difference between determining the physical diagrams and the simulated. On the other hand, results on determining locations using simulated maps were far closer to the control texture maps used than the results for object diagrams. Further studies could be done to determine the effect of higher actuator spatial resolution on object identification and edge tracking.