Ce mémoire s’est attaché à comprendre les dimensions émergentes de la constitution de l’image d’une organisation. A l’issue de l’étude de la littérature de recherche existante, nous nous sommes intéressée à l’image réfractée, qui est l’image d’une organisation construite par une catégorie de publics nommés arbitres externes. Ce sont les organisations mandatées qui diffusent de l’information au grand public. En adoptant l’approche qualitative, nous avons réalisé une étude du processus de travail des journalistes travaillant pour des journaux différents et des membres des organismes environnementaux dans le cas de la mise en œuvre du projet de loi C-38 du gouvernement fédéral canadien. L’étude empirique nous a permis de proposer un modèle conceptuel du phénomène de la construction de l’image réfractée. Nous avons pu ainsi suggérer d’observer ce phénomène à travers les pratiques de travail des acteurs pour appréhender les dynamiques d’émergence de l’image. Aussi, nous avons insisté sur la pertinence de considérer des paramètres qui constituent le cadre dans lequel se déroule le processus de travail des acteurs appartenant à des communautés de publics différentes. Car ce sont ces paramètres qui engendrent des dynamiques régulant la construction de l’image organisationnelle au sein de chaque communauté de public. / Our research aimed to understand the emergent dimensions of an organization’s image construction. Following the review of existing research literature, we are interested in the refracted image, which is the image of an organization built by a specific public named external arbiters. These external arbiters are mandated organizations that disseminate information to the general public. By adopting a qualitative approach, we conducted a study about the case of the implementation of Bill C-38 by the Canadian Federal Government. Specifically, we examined the working process of two arbiters communities : journalists working for different newspapers, and environmental organizations’ members. The empirical study has allowed us to propose a conceptual model of the construction of the refracted image phenomenon. We thus suggested to observe this phenomenon through the actors’ working practices to understand the emergence of the image dynamics. Also, we emphasized the relevance to consider factors that constitute the framework within which the working process of the actors belonging to different public communities takes place. For it is these parameters that generate the various dynamics regulating the organizational image’s construction by each public community.

The diploma thesis deals with the new legal legislation on the field of protection of the bank client as a consumer in the legal system of Czech Republic and evaluation of the level set by regulation. The theses itself provides a complex view on particular areas of the protection of the consumer on the field of commercial banking, which has undergone major amendments during last years, such as consumer loans, payments, insurance claims from deposits and financial arbiter. Particular areas of the protection of the consumer are amended by the results of the researches concentrated on financial literacy of consumers, evaluation of the possible impacts on the consumer and banking institution and moreover there is outlined possible development in the stated area.

The thesis provides an overview of consumer protection in the financial markets in the Czech Republic. The focus is on the legislative system of client protection in commercial banking, which includes consumer credit, protecting consumer deposits and system of payments. Furthermore, this thesis deals with capital markets, focusing on consumer protection resulting from the implementation of MiFID in the legal system of the Czech Republic. The last segment of the financial markets defined in this thesis is the insurance industry. Each area of consumer protection is complemented by illustrations of current cases and includes an evaluation of the effectiveness of certain legal measures and revealing the weaknesses in each segment. Beyond the legislative framework are also described activities in the area of consumer protection by major institutions, in particular the activities of the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic, Czech Financial Arbitrator, Deposit Insurance Fund and the Guarantee Fund. To add to the comprehensiveness of the overview of consumer protection in the financial markets, additional protective measures were included (Institute of debt relief, distraint of debtor, protection of personal data of clients of financial institutions).

Une question demeure récurrente : les divisions qui subsistent depuis le XVIè siècle entre Catholiques, Luthériens et Réformés sont-elles autant d’ordre anthropologique que théologique ? Cette problématique paraissant pouvoir être soutenue, il convenait alors de déterminer les différends anthropologiques, de les analyser et de se demander s’ils sont une entrave à la Κοινωνία. L’étude de la situation au XVIè siècle a permis de conclure que les concepts anthropologiques portés par une philosophie existentielle ont joué un rôle important dans la rupture au sein de l’Église d’Occident. Le retour sur la pensée de Pannenberg, Moltmann, Rahner, théologiens de trois confessions différentes, autorise à dire qu’au XXè siècle la vision de l’homme a toujours une incidence sur les concepts théologiques, mais les différences sont de moins en moins séparatrices et deviennent souvent des dons à partager. L’analyse de dialogues œcuméniques a mis en évidence que les différends anthropothéologiques ont été partiellement réconciliés et font l’objet d’accords, voire d’une déclaration commune sur la Doctrine de la Justification. Aujourd’hui, un défi reste à relever celui d’une déclaration sur le Ministère en vue du partage à la même table eucharistique. Une démarche de consensus différencié serait une aide à la recherche d’une pleine communion. / An issue has been ever recurring : are the discords which have been going on since sixteenth century between Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists as much anthropological as theological ? As this question can be supported it seems suitable to determine these anthropological disagreements, analyse them and wonder whether or not they are obstacle to the Κοινωνία. A study concerning the situation during the XVIth century has allowed to conclude that the anthropological concepts conveyed by an existential philosophy have played a mojor role in the severing within the Western Church. The return on the thoughts developed by Pannenberg, Moltmann and Rahner, theologians of three different confessions, allows us to tell that in the XXth. century man’s vision has always an incidence on the theological concepts but are less and less separative and are often gifts to be shared. The analysis of ecumenical dialogues have clearly shown that theanthropological disagreements have been partly reconciled and are now subject to consensus, even a joint declaration on the doctrine of justification. Today we have to take up a challenge about a declaration on the ministry in order to share the body of Christ at the same table. A differing consensus method could be a help to find a complete communion.