In the past, little has been written about the practical aspects of outreach. This thesis investigates the value of outreach and how it is put into practice in British Columbia's community archives. Interviews with managers of four community archives were conducted. The findings reveal that three of the interviewees regard outreach as a high priority and a fundamental part of regular activity. For these respondents, outreach activities have been positive and beneficial. They have successfully used outreach to augment and assist with acquisition, preservation and use of archival records. Only one interviewee presented a passive and cautious approach towards outreach. Results of this study indicate that outreach activities are not influenced by the administrative setting or the budget of the archives. This study identified the essential components necessary for the implementation and delivery of successful outreach initiatives as: a regular source of funding, incorporation into an annual work plan, district goals and objectives that are relevant to the mandate of the institution, attention to the target audience, community co-operation and support, and evaluation of results. This study reaffirms the value of archivists practising outreach, and provides encouragement to those who are looking for concrete methods of approaching outreach.

This thesis surveys the efforts made by Canadian and American records administrators, both records managers and archivists, to ensure that records are created, received, stored, used, preserved, and disposed of in a manner which is both efficient and effective. Beginning with the French Revolution and continuing to modern times, it investigates how approaches in North American archival thinking, government records programs, and applicable records legislation were often flawed because of fundamental misconceptions of the nature of the records themselves. The thesis traces how the most widely accepted approach for administering records, which called for the division of responsibilities amongst records professionals according to the records' "life status" — active, semi-active, or inactive — was incorrect because it was not compatible with the reality that records exist as a conceptual whole and are best administered in a manner which reflects this realization. The records, which should have been managed as a coherent and complete fonds of an institution, suffered from these divisions which had eventually led to the evolution of separate records occupations: those who looked after active records, called records managers, and those who handled inactive ones, labelled archivists. What was required was an "integrated" or "unified" approach such as that articulated by the Canadian archivist Jay Atherton. Like others, he called for the management of records in a manner which reflected the singular nature of the records, an approach which did not make arbitrary divisions where none existed, but instead viewed records from a wider and more complete perspective. Support for this approach amongst some records administrators was precipitated by a number of factors, not the least of which were the demands of handling information in modern society. The thesis concludes by examining what is required for the integrated ideas to be implemented as part of a practical model in today's institutions. It suggests that for the best results to be achieved, records administrators will have to learn to work with others in related information professions, or risk losing the ability to make valid contributions in the modern information age.

This thesis examines the concepts of reliability, authenticity and documentary form as defined by archival diplomatics and their relation to moving image records, for the purpose of exploring the possibility of using them to develop a method for the preservation of the moving image's intellectual integrity over time. To achieve this purpose, the study establishes a correspondence between the tenriinology and the theories used to express these concepts in the two fields through an examination of archival diplomatics and moving images glossaries, dictionaries and literature. Notwithstanding the different understandings of the concepts examined, the thesis finds that when moving images can be regarded as records - that is, as contextual mediated visual and aural representations compiled for the purpose.of.entering into communication - it is possible to use archival diplomatics methodology to analyze them successfully. On the strength of this finding, the thesis proceeds to establish a correspondence between the diplomatic elements of documentary form and the components of an ideal moving image record, demonstrating parallels and explaining and reconciling differences, in order to build a template for the analysis of all kinds of moving image records. This diplomatic instrument is to be used for the identification of the formal elements of a moving image that allow for the maintenance, verification and preservation of its reliability and authenticity over the long term. The necessity of such an instrument derives from the fact that the use of digital technologies for the making, exhibiting and storing of moving images will render the ability to prove their integrity and their preservation increasingly more difficult. The thesis is concluded by a discussion relating the effects of the pervasive use of digital technologies in the field of moving images, and a demonstration of the substantial threat they present for the continuing reliability and authenticity of moving images. This discussion shows the advantages of a close cooperative effort by archivists and moving image theorists in developing interdisciplinary methods for addressing such threats that are rooted in archival diplomatics and fully respect the nature of the moving image record.

Abstract not available. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.

Personal digital records are one of the most underrepresented areas of archival theory and practice. Documentary forms created by private persons have long been victim of a poverty of professional attention, and much of the literature on the appraisal and preservation of records has tended to focus on those generated by government and other organizational entities. And strategies developed for the archival management of digital records have similarly placed strong emphasis on business functions or corporate transactions as the primary unit of analysis. This scholastic deficit has severely impaired the ability of the archivist to comprehend and effectively meet the many challenges of archiving personal records in the digital age. This thesis demonstrates how investigations of the original context of creation and use of records in contemporary personal computing environments are integral to the development of comprehensive strategies for the capture and preservation of personal digital archives. It is within these digital domains that archivists come to see cultures of personal recordkeeping, private appraisal decisions based on unique designations of value, and the complexities of both online and offline personal digital preservation strategies. A keen understanding of how individuals create and preserve their digital records across time and space should be of the utmost importance to archivists for, if nothing else, these pre-custodial activities are the principal sites of archival provenance. Chapter one discusses past and present responses to both paper-based and electronic personal archives. The discussion begins with the definition of the personal record as essentially non-archival by early leading archival theorists and how these definitions, though first advanced in the early to mid-twentieth century, continue to find resonance in contemporary archival ideas and institutional mandates. This chapter then illustrates how ideas predicated on the management of electronic government records, and metadata standards developed for formalized electronic recordkeeping systems, are not easily transposed to personal domains. Chapter two takes a critical look at the often oversimplified personal digital archiving environment to expose the many nuances in the context of creation and use of records by individuals in the digital era. Chapter three explores a number of emerging approaches to the professional archiving of personal digital records and reveals how the proper management of these materials requires multiple hardware and software applications, concise acquisition strategies and preservation methodologies, and diligent front-end work to ensure personal digital records cross the threshold of archival repositories. The thesis concludes with a summary of the main arguments and collates the best ideas, approaches, and technologies reviewed throughout to propose a hypothetical strategy for archiving personal digital records in the present. This thesis argues that significantly more work with records creators earlier in the record creation process must be done when archiving personal digital records because more proactive measures are required to capture and preserve these materials than was previously the case with paper-based or analog documentary forms.

Personal digital records are one of the most underrepresented areas of archival theory and practice. Documentary forms created by private persons have long been victim of a poverty of professional attention, and much of the literature on the appraisal and preservation of records has tended to focus on those generated by government and other organizational entities. And strategies developed for the archival management of digital records have similarly placed strong emphasis on business functions or corporate transactions as the primary unit of analysis. This scholastic deficit has severely impaired the ability of the archivist to comprehend and effectively meet the many challenges of archiving personal records in the digital age. This thesis demonstrates how investigations of the original context of creation and use of records in contemporary personal computing environments are integral to the development of comprehensive strategies for the capture and preservation of personal digital archives. It is within these digital domains that archivists come to see cultures of personal recordkeeping, private appraisal decisions based on unique designations of value, and the complexities of both online and offline personal digital preservation strategies. A keen understanding of how individuals create and preserve their digital records across time and space should be of the utmost importance to archivists for, if nothing else, these pre-custodial activities are the principal sites of archival provenance. Chapter one discusses past and present responses to both paper-based and electronic personal archives. The discussion begins with the definition of the personal record as essentially non-archival by early leading archival theorists and how these definitions, though first advanced in the early to mid-twentieth century, continue to find resonance in contemporary archival ideas and institutional mandates. This chapter then illustrates how ideas predicated on the management of electronic government records, and metadata standards developed for formalized electronic recordkeeping systems, are not easily transposed to personal domains. Chapter two takes a critical look at the often oversimplified personal digital archiving environment to expose the many nuances in the context of creation and use of records by individuals in the digital era. Chapter three explores a number of emerging approaches to the professional archiving of personal digital records and reveals how the proper management of these materials requires multiple hardware and software applications, concise acquisition strategies and preservation methodologies, and diligent front-end work to ensure personal digital records cross the threshold of archival repositories. The thesis concludes with a summary of the main arguments and collates the best ideas, approaches, and technologies reviewed throughout to propose a hypothetical strategy for archiving personal digital records in the present. This thesis argues that significantly more work with records creators earlier in the record creation process must be done when archiving personal digital records because more proactive measures are required to capture and preserve these materials than was previously the case with paper-based or analog documentary forms.

Institution mythique du monde de la photographie, l’agence Magnum, fondée en 1947 par un groupe de photographes entrepreneurs, est plus qu’une coopérative. Dans l’histoire de la photographie de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, c’est un modèle prestigieux pour l’ensemble de la profession, qui revendique son excellence et défend un canon d’images d’exception. Magnum ne serait-elle pas davantage une académie,institution éternelle et renommée, où l’on entre par cooptation ? Cette thèse propose, à partir de l’étude d’archives inédites, de retracer l’histoire de Magnum. Le prisme académique permet d’articuler l’évolution économique d’une entreprise, l’analyse des images produites, le récit des débats d’un groupe de photographes, l’histoire de leurs rêves collectifs.La première partie interroge les sources de l’académie, à commencer par la propagation du mythe Magnum et les dix premières années d’existence, lorsque l’agence fait corps avec le monde cosmopolite de l’après-guerre. La deuxième partie analyse le renouvellement académique de la fin des années 1950 à 1981, de la refondation d’une photographie engagée dans l’urgence mémorielle des années 1960,à la réponse cynique face au péril conformiste et commercial des années 1970, en passant par la dialectique coopérative qui déchire et réconcilie les membres. La troisième partie montre comment l’académie revendique son immortalité de 1981 à nos jours, s’imposant comme un monument patrimonial et une référence sur le web, et revient sur l’histoire des femmes à Magnum.Cette thèse met en lumière un chaînon méconnu de la production des photographies.Magnum est un point nodal qui définit la valeur économique des images, leur statut juridique, leurs usages commerciaux, journalistiques, documentaires et artistiques au sein de circuits de diffusion et de légitimation. Plateforme d’échanges partagée par plusieurs auteurs, Magnum invite à repenser, à l’heure de l’économie collaborative connectée, l’histoire et le rôle des « communs ». / Founded in 1947 by a group of entrepreneurial photographers, Magnum Photos, amythic institution in the world of photography, is more than a cooperative.Throughout the second half of the 20th century, it remained a prestigious model for the whole profession, claiming its excellence and promoting a canon of exceptional images. More than a mere agency, may Magnum be seen as an academy, a prestigious institution whose access is controlled by peers? The concept of an “academy” brings together the economic evolution of a business, the analysis of the pictures produced,the account of numerous debates amongst photographers, and the story of their collective dreams.This dissertation offers to retrace Magnum’s history, based on the study of unpublished archives. The first part investigates the sources of the academy, starting with the dissemination of Magnum’s myth and the first ten years of existence, when the agency was at one with the post-war cosmopolitan world. The second part analyzes the academic renewal from the end of the 1950s until 1981. It explores there-rooting of concerned photography into the memory urge of the 1960s; thecooperative dialectics, which divided and reconciled Magnum members; and the cynical answer to the conformist and commercial threats of the 1970s. The third part demonstrates how the academy claims its everlasting fame from 1981 until today,establishing itself both as a heritage landmark and an online reference; it alsointerrogates the history of women within Magnum.This dissertation sheds new light on a little-known stage of photographs’ production.Magnum is a nodal point defining the economic value of images, their legal status,their commercial, journalistic, documentary and artistic uses within circulation and legitimating networks. As an exchange platform shared by many authors, it invites us to rethink, within the context of a digital and collaborative economy, the history and the role of the “commons”.

As a practice, archiving preserves and protects information that would otherwise be lost, offering important resources to researchers to interpret, chart and define what the archives represent, allowing the public to reflect on records held within them. Archiving is open to many disciplines, organisations and institutions with distinctions made in the care and organisation of records maintained under these disciplines. In terms of animation, archiving finished films on various formats is an established practice, and researchers interpret those films within their own research, but the animation production materials, used in the creation of the films are not privy to an established form of archival practice. Whilst these archives – or collections of materials do exist, they are archived without any unified, peer reviewed specialist interpretation of the care and organisation of the collections using a taxonomy that reflects the unique aspects of animation production. There is a clear need to establish the archiving of animation production materials as a distinct practice with its own taxonomy and philosophy. Examining the current practices from other forms of archiving that are applied to animation production collections and developing a distinct model of practice from these models can achieve this. Once archiving animation materials is an established practice and data is managed in a way that reflects the acknowledges the distinctive aspects of animation as a form, data and records created from the collections can then be used as empirical evidence to enhance the study of animation. This thesis begins that work by developing and applying a model of practice, using a collection of previously uncatalogued materials to explore the possible ways in which an animation production archive would best be used as primary research material. The collection is used to conduct an investigation into British children's television animation. As a form, animation is often neglected and often lost in semantics as a children's genre and within that neglect is a disregard even within the study of children's programming itself, a body which would claim to take children's televisual content seriously. Even bodies such as the Office of Communications (Ofcom) and the British Audience Research Board (BARB) have no definition of what an animated television show for children is, and yet continues to provide data with this absent definition present in their research. By using a collection of animation materials to create a taxonomy and studying the records created whilst using this taxonomy it is possible to define the form of children's television animation and in doing so prove the use of a collection of animation materials as a model of research and the practice of animation archiving as worthy of its own district identity, philosophy and practice which can continue to be developed for all types of animation.

Au cours du XXe siècle, trois lots d’archives ont été découverts dans des temples funéraires royaux à Abousir. Ces archives, datant pour la majeure partie du règne de Djedkarê-Isesi, forment un témoignage particulièrement précieux pour quiconque veut analyser l’état du pouvoir à cette période. Aussi, afin de réétudier les règnes de la fin de la Ve dynastie, il a été nécessaire de proposer en toute première étape un nouveau catalogue raisonné de cet important corpus papyrologique et d’établir une nouvelle classification typologique. Nous distinguons les décrets royaux, les inventaires de mobilier cultuel, les tableaux de service, les bordereaux de réception, les comptes de distribution et les miscellanées. Cette recension a permis de nouvelles observations, notamment une reconstitution complète des décrets royaux retrouvés dans ces temples. Une étude s’est consacrée ensuite aux règnes de Menkaouhor, Djedkarê et Ounas : les particularités présentées par leur complexes funéraires respectifs ont été examinées, comme la question du comput des années de règne, qui pourrait correspondre à un cycle octaétérique. L’examen de la généalogie royale permet de supposer des successions de règne calmes et non contestées. L’analyse des archives d’Abousir nous renseigne sur le fonctionnement des temples funéraires, les gestes cultuels et les festivités qui y sont réalisés, ainsi que sur la composition de leur personnel. Ces données administratives révèlent un système économique complexe mis en place pour alimenter ces cultes funéraires royaux, qui met en exergue un discours politico-religieux spécifique, à l’origine d’une nouvelle définition de la royauté. / During the 20th century, 3 sets of archives were discovered in royal funerary temples at Abousir. These archives, dating from the reign of Djedkare, are a particularly valuable testimony for anyone who wants to analyze the state of power at this time. Also, in order to re-study the reigns of the end of the Vth dynasty, it was necessary to propose in the very first stage a new typological catalog of this important papyrological corpus. We distinguished royal decrees, inventories of religious furniture, service rulings, receipts, distribution accounts and other variae. This review has led to new observations, including a complete reconstitution of the royal decrees found in these archives. A study was then devoted to the reigns of Menkaouhor, Djedkare and Unas: the specificities presented by their respective funeral complexes were examined, as the question of the comput of ruling years, which could correspond to an octaeteric cycle. The examination of the royal genealogy allows us to suppose calm and undisputed successions. The analysis of the archives of Abousir tells us about the functioning of the funerary temples, the religious gesture and the festivities which are realized there, as well as the composition and organization of the personnel. These administrative data reveal a complex economic system put in place to support these royal funerary cults, which highlights a specific politico-religious discourse which determines a new definition of kingship.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T15:23:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 1821547 bytes, checksum: a03f0761fe9454eea9db0e058ff3f5f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present study aimed at providing a comparative study of the archives of the Archdiocese of Paraíba and Olinda / Recife in relation to the construction of memory and access to information. Its importance stems from a rich volume mass of documents, since the Catholic Church, in periods prior to the Proclamation of the Republic, produced records of birth, baptism, property records, among others. During this period, the regime in force in Brazil of patronage in which the Church was tied to the state, producing and accumulating a vast production of cultural, social, economic and political results of the archival point of view, a merging of civil and ecclesiastical information. The methodology consisted of an analysis of files, from the recommendations of CONARQ, focusing on the document types and media types, physical structure, projects and coordination of activities, internal regulations, budget, cataloging, accessibility, human resources. The survey was conducted from a structured questionnaire, as well as the application of simple interviews to notaries responsible for the archive. The results of the research is leading us to infer that there is contrast between the collections since the collection of Paraiba is organized, however the Pernambuco in this precarious situation. Thus it was observed that only the first case the file is within the guidelines proposed by the Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Patrimony of the Church. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal realizar um estudo comparativo entre os arquivos das arquidioceses da Paraíba e de Olinda/Recife, no tocante aos processos de acesso à informação e construção da memória. Sua importância deriva de um riquíssimo volume de massa documental, uma vez que a Igreja Católica, em períodos anteriores à Proclamação da República (1889), produzia registros de nascimento, de batismo, patrimoniais, entre outros. Nesse amplo período da história do Brasil, vigorava o regime de padroado, em que a Igreja era atrelada ao Estado e produzia e acumulava uma vasta produção cultural, social, econômica e política, o que resultava, do ponto de vista arquivístico, numa confluência de informações civis e eclesiásticas. A metodologia empregada consistiu num diagnóstico dos arquivos, a partir das recomendações do CONARQ, enfocando as tipologias documentais e os tipos de suporte; estrutura física, projetos e coordenação das atividades; regulamento interno; orçamento; catalogação; acessibilidade e recursos humanos. O levantamento de dados foi realizado a partir da aplicação de questionário estruturado e de entrevistas simples aos notários responsáveis pelo acervo. Os resultados da pesquisa nos direcionam a inferir que existe contraste entre os acervos, pois o da Paraíba encontra-se organizado, entretanto o de Pernambuco está em situação precária. Desta forma observou-se que apenas no primeiro caso o arquivo encontra-se dentro das diretrizes propostas pela Pontifícia Comissão para os Bens Culturais da Igreja.