Now and Then: The Appalachian Magazine, Volume 3, Issue 2, published in 1986. The theme of this issue is Homecoming '86, a "celebration of Tennessee Homecoming '86, a commemoration of the history and traditions of the Volunteer State." / https://dc.etsu.edu/now-then/1004/thumbnail.jpg

Now and Then: The Appalachian Magazine, Volume 3, Issue 3, published in 1986. This issue's theme is Cherokees, exploring Cherokee news and culture and featuring Cherokee authors and experiences. / https://dc.etsu.edu/now-then/1005/thumbnail.jpg

This master thesis aims to analyse the data curation situation and the decision-making processes of the archivists at the Swedish Peace Archives. With the theories in data curation and methodology in analysing both accessible web content and interviews, this thesis hopes to shed light on the institutional perspective in managing digital archives. By studying and analysing the empirical materials from the online archive websites and the database, the data curation theories are applied to locate the archive practices at different levels. The method in collecting qualitative data from interviews with the archivists gives insight into archive works and digitisation processes in the digital archives today.  The results show the complexity in data management from digitisation to curation, and digital archives as an information-intensive digital environment has caused the merge of humanities and archives scholarship. This shows the limitation in the data-centric digital humanities frameworks when discussing archive management and technical interoperability. A further study with more focus on individual institutions with their unique workflows, stakeholders, and material types in mind is therefore suggested.

Archival legislation is a crucial tool for the public sector to ensure the management, preservation and access of a country’s national documentary heritage. In Mozambique, archival legislation has been enacted which sets the scene for records appraisal and disposition, as well as classification schemes and retention schedules for administrative records of governmental bodies falling under the auspices of the Act. As a result, public agencies in Mozambique are required by the archival legislation to adopt a systematic and organized approach to the management of their records from creation to disposal. Despite this, the records management processes of many public entities in Mozambique have remained ineffective and inefficient. This study utilized the record life cycle concept as a framework to assess the state of implementation of the National Archives and Records Management Act at Eduardo Mondlane University (EMU) in Mozambique. The study applied a quantitative research approach with triangulation of data collection tools, namely, questionnaire and document analysis. The study revealed that EMU has only established one central records appraisal and disposal committee for its directorate units, which has not coped with the records management demands from other academic units such as faculties, schools and research centers. In most of the academic units the records management staff were not involved in the training, records appraisal and disposal processes, as well as in the destruction and/or transfer of records to the Mozambique Historical Archives (MHA), as required by legislation. The study concludes that most EMU units do not comply with archival legislation resulting in few provisions of the Act being implemented. The study therefore recommends that the records management function at EMU should put in place the basic procedures of control for records management systems with the leadership taking a proative role in the strategic planning, budgeting and monitoring. A further empirical study on the assessment of the state of implementation of the National Archives and Records Management Act throughout the entire public sector in Mozambique is recommended. / Information Science / M. Inf. (Archival Science)

South African institutions of preservation, such as archives, have often focused their collecting efforts on records of national significance and documenting the perspectives of the more dominant communities that represent power and government. This has resulted in the underrepresentation of certain communities in the archival heritage of the nation, such as the South African Portuguese community, whose contemporary history and experiences have not been adequately reflected in the country’s archival collections, including in those of government and other mainstream archival institutions and non-public institutions. Since South Africa has a number of Portuguese community-based organisations - and because the records they have created may be a potential resource for safeguarding the social history of this under-documented group - this study aimed to investigate the management of these records with a view of proposing a best practice model that would assist in their future management and guide their inclusion in any intended archival collection initiatives. Utilising a generic interpretive qualitative research design, the study revealed that the selected study population, namely the Portuguese community-based organisations in Gauteng, create and hold diverse types of records that may show important aspects of the community’s history that are worthy of systematic management and preservation. However, it became evident from the empirical findings that the recordkeeping practices of these organisations were performed inadequately, with records often being misplaced or discarded after their administrative use had expired. The findings also showed that, although these organisations had never thought of establishing an archival programme for themselves or depositing their records in any mainstream archives, they were willing to contribute their records to a planned archival collecting initiative of the community. Based on these findings, recommendations were made with regard to these organisational records in order to improve their management and to facilitate their potential inclusion in an archival collecting plan. The study also suggested an archival collecting framework and a model for these records. The proposed model followed an integrated approach, taking into account the community’s divergent collecting and custody preferences, such as the mainstream institutional acquisition of these records or these being preserved within community structures. / Information Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)

Le Web représente actuellement un espace privilégié d’expression et d’activité pour plusieurs communautés, où pratiques communicationnelles et pratiques documentaires s’enrichissent mutuellement. Dans sa dimension visible ou invisible, le Web constitue aussi un réservoir documentaire planétaire caractérisé non seulement par l’abondance de l’information qui y circule, mais aussi par sa diversité, sa complexité et son caractère éphémère. Les projets d’archivage du Web en cours abordent pour beaucoup cette question du point de vue de la préservation des publications en ligne sans la considérer dans une perspective archivistique. Seuls quelques projets d’archivage du Web visent la préservation du Web organisationnel ou gouvernemental. La valeur archivistique du Web, notamment du Web organisationnel, ne semble pas être reconnue malgré un effort soutenu de certaines archives nationales à diffuser des politiques d’archivage du Web organisationnel. La présente thèse a pour but de développer une meilleure compréhension de la nature des archives Web et de documenter les pratiques actuelles d’archivage du Web organisationnel. Plus précisément, cette recherche vise à répondre aux trois questions suivantes : (1) Que recommandent en général les politiques d’archivage du Web organisationnel? (2) Quelles sont les principales caractéristiques des archives Web? (3) Quelles pratiques d’archivage du Web organisationnel sont mises en place dans des organisations au Québec? Pour répondre à ces questions, cette recherche exploratoire et descriptive a adopté une approche qualitative basée sur trois modes de collecte des données, à savoir : l’analyse d’un corpus de 55 politiques et documents complémentaires relatifs à l’archivage du Web organisationnel; l’observation de 11 sites Web publics d’organismes au Québec de même que l’observation d’un échantillon de 737 documents produits par ces systèmes Web; et, enfin, des entrevues avec 21 participants impliqués dans la gestion et l’archivage de ces sites Web. Les résultats de recherche démontrent que les sites Web étudiés sont le produit de la conduite des activités en ligne d’une organisation et documentent, en même temps, les objectifs et les manifestations de sa présence sur le Web. De nouveaux types de documents propres au Web organisationnel ont pu être identifiés. Les documents qui ont migré sur le Web ont acquis un autre contexte d’usage et de nouvelles caractéristiques. Les méthodes de gestion actuelles doivent prendre en considération les propriétés des documents dans un environnement Web. Alors que certains sites d’étude n’archivent pas leur site Web public, d’autres s’y investissent. Toutefois les choix établis ne correspondent pas toujours aux recommandations proposées dans les politiques d’archivage du Web analysées et ne garantissent pas la pérennité des archives Web ni leur exploitabilité à long terme. Ce constat nous a amenée à proposer une politique type adaptée aux caractéristiques des archives Web. Ce modèle décrit les composantes essentielles d’une politique pour l’archivage des sites Web ainsi qu’un éventail des mesures que pourrait mettre en place l’organisation en fonction des résultats d’une analyse des risques associés à l’usage de son site Web public dans la conduite de ses affaires. / Several communities have adopted the web as a privileged space for expression and activity, where communication and documentary practices complement and enrich each other. Both in its visible and invisible dimensions, the web is a documentation vault of planetary scope, characterized not only by the sheer amount of information it contains, but by its diversity, complexity and ephemeral nature. Most current web archiving projects focus on preserving online publications without considering their value from an archival point of view. Only a few web archiving projects target the preservation of organisational or governmental web records. The archival value of the web, especially that of organisational web, does not seem to be justly recognized, despite the continuous effort deployed by certain National Archives bodies to disseminate best practices and policies for organisational web archiving. This thesis aims to develop a better understanding of the nature of web records and to document current archiving practices intended for organisational web. In particular, this research will look at the following three questions: (1) What general recommendations can be found in archiving policies for organisational web? (2) What are the main characteristics of web records? (3) Which web record-keeping practices have been deployed in Quebec organisations? To address these questions, this exploratory and descriptive research uses a qualitative approach based on three data collection methods, namely: the analysis of a body of 55 policies and supporting documents related to organisational web archiving; the scrutiny of 11 public websites of various Quebec organisations and of a sample of 737 documents generated by those web systems; and interviews with 21 individuals that are involved in the management and archiving of those websites. The results of this research show that the observed sites are the product of an organisation’s online activity and that they simultaneously document the objectives and the occurrences of an organisation’s web presence. New types of documents that are specific to organisational web have been identified. Documents that have migrated online have acquired a different context of use and new characteristics. Hence, current document management methods must consider the unique properties of documents in a web environment. Only a portion of the observed organisations are involved in the process of archiving their public website. Additionally, the chosen archiving strategies are not always coherent with the recommendations found in web archiving policies, and do not guarantee the sustainability of web records. Those results led us to design a standard policy model adapted to the particular properties of web archives. This model describes the essential components of a web archiving policy and proposes a range of measures that an organisation could implement based on the results of a risks analysis of their public website’s uses in a business context.

Le Web représente actuellement un espace privilégié d’expression et d’activité pour plusieurs communautés, où pratiques communicationnelles et pratiques documentaires s’enrichissent mutuellement. Dans sa dimension visible ou invisible, le Web constitue aussi un réservoir documentaire planétaire caractérisé non seulement par l’abondance de l’information qui y circule, mais aussi par sa diversité, sa complexité et son caractère éphémère. Les projets d’archivage du Web en cours abordent pour beaucoup cette question du point de vue de la préservation des publications en ligne sans la considérer dans une perspective archivistique. Seuls quelques projets d’archivage du Web visent la préservation du Web organisationnel ou gouvernemental. La valeur archivistique du Web, notamment du Web organisationnel, ne semble pas être reconnue malgré un effort soutenu de certaines archives nationales à diffuser des politiques d’archivage du Web organisationnel. La présente thèse a pour but de développer une meilleure compréhension de la nature des archives Web et de documenter les pratiques actuelles d’archivage du Web organisationnel. Plus précisément, cette recherche vise à répondre aux trois questions suivantes : (1) Que recommandent en général les politiques d’archivage du Web organisationnel? (2) Quelles sont les principales caractéristiques des archives Web? (3) Quelles pratiques d’archivage du Web organisationnel sont mises en place dans des organisations au Québec? Pour répondre à ces questions, cette recherche exploratoire et descriptive a adopté une approche qualitative basée sur trois modes de collecte des données, à savoir : l’analyse d’un corpus de 55 politiques et documents complémentaires relatifs à l’archivage du Web organisationnel; l’observation de 11 sites Web publics d’organismes au Québec de même que l’observation d’un échantillon de 737 documents produits par ces systèmes Web; et, enfin, des entrevues avec 21 participants impliqués dans la gestion et l’archivage de ces sites Web. Les résultats de recherche démontrent que les sites Web étudiés sont le produit de la conduite des activités en ligne d’une organisation et documentent, en même temps, les objectifs et les manifestations de sa présence sur le Web. De nouveaux types de documents propres au Web organisationnel ont pu être identifiés. Les documents qui ont migré sur le Web ont acquis un autre contexte d’usage et de nouvelles caractéristiques. Les méthodes de gestion actuelles doivent prendre en considération les propriétés des documents dans un environnement Web. Alors que certains sites d’étude n’archivent pas leur site Web public, d’autres s’y investissent. Toutefois les choix établis ne correspondent pas toujours aux recommandations proposées dans les politiques d’archivage du Web analysées et ne garantissent pas la pérennité des archives Web ni leur exploitabilité à long terme. Ce constat nous a amenée à proposer une politique type adaptée aux caractéristiques des archives Web. Ce modèle décrit les composantes essentielles d’une politique pour l’archivage des sites Web ainsi qu’un éventail des mesures que pourrait mettre en place l’organisation en fonction des résultats d’une analyse des risques associés à l’usage de son site Web public dans la conduite de ses affaires. / Several communities have adopted the web as a privileged space for expression and activity, where communication and documentary practices complement and enrich each other. Both in its visible and invisible dimensions, the web is a documentation vault of planetary scope, characterized not only by the sheer amount of information it contains, but by its diversity, complexity and ephemeral nature. Most current web archiving projects focus on preserving online publications without considering their value from an archival point of view. Only a few web archiving projects target the preservation of organisational or governmental web records. The archival value of the web, especially that of organisational web, does not seem to be justly recognized, despite the continuous effort deployed by certain National Archives bodies to disseminate best practices and policies for organisational web archiving. This thesis aims to develop a better understanding of the nature of web records and to document current archiving practices intended for organisational web. In particular, this research will look at the following three questions: (1) What general recommendations can be found in archiving policies for organisational web? (2) What are the main characteristics of web records? (3) Which web record-keeping practices have been deployed in Quebec organisations? To address these questions, this exploratory and descriptive research uses a qualitative approach based on three data collection methods, namely: the analysis of a body of 55 policies and supporting documents related to organisational web archiving; the scrutiny of 11 public websites of various Quebec organisations and of a sample of 737 documents generated by those web systems; and interviews with 21 individuals that are involved in the management and archiving of those websites. The results of this research show that the observed sites are the product of an organisation’s online activity and that they simultaneously document the objectives and the occurrences of an organisation’s web presence. New types of documents that are specific to organisational web have been identified. Documents that have migrated online have acquired a different context of use and new characteristics. Hence, current document management methods must consider the unique properties of documents in a web environment. Only a portion of the observed organisations are involved in the process of archiving their public website. Additionally, the chosen archiving strategies are not always coherent with the recommendations found in web archiving policies, and do not guarantee the sustainability of web records. Those results led us to design a standard policy model adapted to the particular properties of web archives. This model describes the essential components of a web archiving policy and proposes a range of measures that an organisation could implement based on the results of a risks analysis of their public website’s uses in a business context.

The service sector of the global economy is undoubtedly growing and increasingly highlighting the criticality of service quality to enhanced profitability in most service organisations. The demand for accountability from different stakeholders, including clients, has also made service quality a highly debated, researched and most powerful competitive trend shaping marketing and business strategy. Developing reliable measurement instruments of service quality and strategies for the improvement of service quality invariably become the most important responsibilities for managers in many organisations. In the absence of conceptual clarity on service quality, divergent views on the dimensionality of service quality and the lack of a psychometrically valid service quality measure in archival institutions, this study set out to develop and subsequently validate a measurement instrument to assess service quality in an archival institutional setting. The two research questions investigated in this study were: (1) what are the dimensions for measuring service quality in archival institutions, and (2) how can the dimensions of service quality in archival institutions be measured effectively. The methodology for this study involved a two-phased qualitative and quantitative analysis addressing these two research questions. The study followed the standard psychometric procedure for developing constructs. This research has resulted in the important findings and relevant conclusions for both academics and practitioners interested in service quality in the archival environment. The service quality measurement instrument formulated is called ARCHIVqual and has three dimensions, namely (1) security of information (with 4 items), (2) integrity of information (with 3 items) and (3) usability of information (with 2 items). Besides measuring service quality in the archival environment, ARCHIVqual will also serve as a tool for conducting periodic surveys thereby identifying specific problematic areas in archival institutions. / Graduate School for Business Leadership / DBL

Les archives sont aujourd’hui utilisées et envisagées hors de leur lieu traditionnel qu’est le service d’archives et souvent même hors de l’action des archivistes. Cette thèse de doctorat propose un renversement dialectique benjaminien dans la conception de l’archivistique dont le point central devient l’utilisation des archives définitives plutôt que la production des documents. Les premiers chapitres retracent les différentes compréhensions des archives depuis la création des institutions nationales au 19e siècle jusqu’au renouvellement opéré par certains archivistes se réclamant de la postmodernité à la fin du 20e siècle. Cette histoire des archives et de l’archivistique montre que les archives définitives sont caractérisées au regard du rapport au passé qu’elles permettent et que les archivistes pensent leur objet depuis la question historiographique de l’écriture de l’histoire. Ainsi, deux conceptions générales des archives coexistent aujourd’hui et apparaissent comme essentiellement contradictoires en ce que l’une (traditionnelle) est centrée sur le créateur des documents et le passé compris comme l’ensemble des actes posés par le créateur, tandis que l’autre (postmoderne) se fonde sur les fonctions sociales des archives et sur le rôle de l’archiviste. L’élément commun à ces deux visions est l’absence de prise en charge théorique des utilisateurs et de l’exploitation des documents. Or, en suivant les traces et la pensée de Walter Benjamin, nous proposons de penser la double nature des archives comme documents et comme témoignage tout en articulant cette pensée à l’archive comme modalité d’inscription de soi dans le temps. Il en ressort que les archives peuvent être considérées comme une objectivation du passé relevant d’une temporalité chronologique au cœur de laquelle réside, à l’état latent, l’archive potentiellement libératrice. L’exploitation artistique des archives, telle qu’elle est présentée dans le cinquième chapitre, montre comment la notion d’archives explose. En outre, l’observation de ce type particulier d’exploitation permet de mettre au jour le fait que les archives sont toujours inscrites dans des conditions d’utilisation (contexte, matérialité, dispositif, rapport au public) qui sont autant de conditions d’existence de l’archive. Parmi les questions abordées par les artistes celles de la mémoire, de l’authenticité, des archives comme moyen d’appropriation du monde et comme objet poétique sont alors autant de points d’entrée possibles pour revisiter l’archivistique. Le dernier chapitre synthétise l’ensemble des renouvellements proposés au fil de la thèse de manière implicite ou explicite. Nous y envisageons une temporalité non chronologique où les archives sont un objet du passé qui, saisi par un présent dialectique singulier, sont tournées à la fois vers le passé et vers l’avenir. De nouvelles perspectives sont ouvertes pour l’archivistique à partir des caractéristiques assignées aux archives par les artistes. Finalement, c’est le cycle de vie des archives qui peut être revu en y incluant l’exploitation comme dimension essentielle. / This thesis proposes a dialectical reversal in the archival science concept whose central point is the use of archives rather than the production of records. The first chapters outline the various understandings of the archives since the creation of national institutions in the 19th century until a renewed approach done by some archivists defining themselves as postmodernists in the late 20th century. The history of the archives and the archival science shows two coexistent views which appear as essentially contradictory in that one (traditional) is centered on the creator of the records, and the past understood as the set of actions performed by the creator, while the other (postmodern) is based on the social functions of the archives and the archivist’s role. Following the dialectical thought of Walter Benjamin, the fourth chapter proposes to think the dual nature of archives as documents and testimony while articulating that thought about the archive as a means of inscription of self in time. It appears that the archives can be considered as an objectification of the past within a chronological temporality at the heart of which resides, latently, the archive as a potential emancipator. The artistic use of archives as presented in the fifth chapter shows how this particular type of exploitation highlights the fact that the archives are bound by their conditions of use, which are also the conditions of existence of the archive. Among the issues addressed by the artists, those of memory, authenticity, archives as a means of appropriating the world, and as a poetical object become as many possible entry point to revisit the archival science. The last chapter summarizes all the proposed renewals detailed throughout the thesis. We envision a non-chronological temporality where the archives, objects of the past handled by a singular current dialectic, are being oriented towards both the past and the future. New opportunities are being offered for the archival science from the new properties being assigned to the archives by the artists. Finally, it is the life cycle of the archives itself that can be revised by including the exploitation as a key dimension.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andresa Cristina Oliver Barbosa.pdf: 8420747 bytes, checksum: 83005208f7bcbedcd0626a70a1188a26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aims to analyze what Brazilian Public Archives have done to ensure extraversion of their documentary heritage in the last decades through outreach activities especially education. Therefore, we sought to analyze projects and activities, reflecting on the trajectory of three archival institutions Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo APESP (State Archives of São Paulo), Arquivo Histórico de São Paulo AHSP (Historical Archives of São Paulo) and Arquivo Público da Cidade de Belo Horizonte APCBH (Belo Horizonte City Archives) with regard to the proposition of dissemination actions targeted at the general public and schools, in the period between 1980 and 2011. In this sense, discussions emerge about the historical civilian-military post-dictatorship conjuncture in Brazil and the important role of social movements for the right to political participation, information and memory among others, that boosted the development of extraversion strategies in Archives. This study is divided in three chapters. The first one deals with the opening process of the Archives to society, the establishment of outreach activities and their scope in society. The second one discusses the recognition of the Archives as institutional spaces in close dialogue with education, observing the feasibility of developing actions with schools. Finally, the third chapter discusses theoretical and metodological concepts that guide the production of educational resources when it comes to teaching History / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o que os Arquivos públicos brasileiros têm realizado no sentido de garantir, por meio de atividades de difusão, especialmente as educativas, a extroversão de seu patrimônio documental nas últimas décadas. Para tanto, buscou-se analisar projetos e atividades, refletindo sobre a trajetória de três instituições arquivísticas Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo (APESP), Arquivo Histórico de São Paulo (AHSP) e Arquivo Público da Cidade de Belo Horizonte (APCBH) no que se refere à proposição de ações de difusão para a sociedade em geral e para o público escolar, no período de 1980 a 2011. Nesse sentido, emergem discussões acerca da conjuntura histórica pós-ditadura civil-militar no Brasil e o importante papel dos movimentos sociais na conquista do direito à participação política, à informação e à memória, entre outros, que impulsionou o desenvolvimento de estratégias de extroversão dos Arquivos. Este trabalho está dividido em três capítulos. O primeiro trata do processo de abertura dos Arquivos à sociedade, o estabelecimento das atividades de difusão e o seu alcance perante a sociedade. O segundo discute o reconhecimento do Arquivo como espaço institucional em estreito diálogo com a educação, observando as possibilidades de ações que podem ser desenvolvidas com a escola. E, por fim, no terceiro capítulo discutem-se os conceitos teóricos e metodológicos que norteam a produção de materiais pedagógicos quando se trata do ensino de História