O aumento da produção de habitações de interesse social traz consigo a problemática da qualidade de unidades habitacionais construídas a baixo custo e em um curto espaço de tempo. Aliadas a essas preocupações de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo, surgem também as exigências de caráter ambiental para edifícios, as quais deram origem à criação de dezenas de sistemas de certificação de desempenho ambiental de edifícios, de caráter internacional, que vêm sendo usadas no cenário brasileiro, indiferentemente às suas especificidades e carências. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi promover uma análise comparativa desses sistemas de certificação, realizando uma discussão de suas inadequações ao contexto brasileiro. A partir da análise comparativa e balizamento de itens avaliativos das certificações estudadas pelos critérios preestabelecidos neste trabalho, pudemos notar que as ferramentas estudadas demonstram uma série de itens avaliativos plenamente aplicáveis a edifícios residenciais situados no cenário brasileiro e outros que ainda necessitam de adaptações. Portanto, esta análise deverá servir como embasamento para um trabalho futuro de criação de diretrizes para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de certificação ambiental de edificações habitacionais brasileiras. / The increased production of social housing brings the issue of the quality of housing units built at low cost. Combined to these concerns, those are qualitative and quantitative, are also the character of environmental requirements for buildings which led to the creation of dozens of buildings environmental performance certification systems, with international character, which have been used in the Brazilian scene, regardless of their specificities and needs. Therefore, the objective of this work is to promote an analysis of these certification systems and conducting a discussion of their inadequacies to the Brazilian context. From the comparative analysis and marking of the certification evaluation items by the established criteria studied in this work, we noted that the studied tools show several evaluative items fully applicable to residential buildings located in Brazil and others ones that still need to be adapted. Therefore, this analysis should serve as a basis for a future work to establish guidelines for the development of an environmental certification system for residential buildings in Brazil.

La thèse « La force du religieux et du politique chez Madonna. Une approche de son expression à partir de ses trois documentaires : Madonna : Truth or Dare, 1991, I’m Going to Tell You a Secret, 2005, I Am Because We Are, 2008 » s'intéresse à la façon dont la culture populaire contemporaine utilise des concepts et des outils originaires des domaines du religieux et du politique pour s'exprimer et exercer son influence dans la société. La longévité de la carrière de la chanteuse Madonna fait de son corpus de travail un lieu privilégié pour saisir et analyser l'emploi de tels concepts depuis les années 1990, et offre ainsi l'occasion de mieux comprendre les formes du contemporain et les enjeux de la culture populaire. / This dissertation deals with the ways in which the contemporary popular culture uses concepts and tools coming from religion and politics in order to exert some influence on our society. The length of American singer Madonna’s career makes her decades-long artistic expression a privileged locus where such concepts can be grasped and analysed, starting in the 1990’s. This provides the opportunity to better understand the means of expression in our contemporary world, together with what is at stake in popular culture.

The principle of non-regression is an novel concept in the EU rule of law area. The Court of Justice of the European Union ("Court" or "CJEU") has recently discussed it e.g., in Repubblika (Maltese Judges), Commission versus Poland (Disciplinary régime applicable to judges), Advocate General  Tanchev in his Opinion in A.K. v. KRS (Independence of the disciplinary chamber of the Supreme Court). This paper examines the non-regression principle with a focus on the rule of law and judicial independence in the EU not least because it is understudied. Its potential is underestimated for expanding the reasoning of the CJEU, and the Commission as regards their approach to addressing the sustained attacks on judicial independence in the two Central and Eastern European countris of Poland and Hungary, but also increasingly, judging from the rising number of judicial independence and rule of law cases, in Romania. Maltese Judges is the first ruling of the Court in which the principle of non-regression appeared. In this landmark judgement, acording to Leloup, Kochenov, and Dimitrovs, the Court asserted "an entirely new "non-regression" principle in EU law based on the connection between Arts. 49 and 2 TEU, (...) and addressed a well-known lacuna undermining the EU legal order". In light of that ruling, it is useful to set subsequent research questions: What is the substance and scope of the principle of non-regression in the rule of law and in relation to judicial independence in the EU, and what are the recent trends in the Court´s case law whereby this principle has been invoked to address the rule of law backsliding in the Member States? Can we discern the benchmarks, in the form of substantive standards and in terms of time, against which regression is measured? Considering that, until now, the principle of non-regression has been employed principally with regard to judicial independence, could we apply the concept with respect to other EU values such as democracy, or fundamental rights?

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly integrated aspect of daily life. Particularly, businesses have been incorporating AI into many of their features from customer support to product personalization. While there has been a body of research exploring the interpersonal impacts of AI and human participants, there is limited research on the effects of human-like AI on its influence in the purchasing process. Taking the theoretical framework of the Computer Are Social Actors (CASA) paradigm, I utilized a 2 x 3 experiment to measure if the perceived sex of an artificial intelligence impacts consumers' purchase intention, trust, and sense of agency. Participants interacted with either a male-gendered or female-gendered AI chatbot, or a static website, which then recommended a water bottle based on the participants' preferences. The study indicated significance with both male and female participants preferring the control website over both AI sexes. The study also indicated significance in women participants feeling more overall agency than men participants during the experiment. The results indicate a potential need for a new level of human realism before CASA can be framed within some AI applications. / MACOM / Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly integrated aspect of daily life. Particularly, businesses have been incorporating AI into many of their features from customer support to product personalization. While there has been a body of research exploring the interpersonal impacts of AI and human participants, there is limited research on the effects of human-like AI on its influence in the purchasing process. Taking the concept that people naturally treat human-like technology as real humans, I have evaluated whether consumers' purchase intention, trust, and sense of agency are impacted while interacting with either a male-gendered or female-gendered AI chatbot , or a static website, which then recommended a water bottle based on the participants' preferences. The study showed that both male and female participants preferred the control website over both AI sexes, and women participants overall felt more agency than men participants during the experiment. The results indicate that there may need to be a new level of human realism before users will treat some AI applications as fellow humans.

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Syftet med detta arbete är upplysande och gäller lärarens upplevelse av tid och energi. Genom skola och praktik har jag sett hur lärararbetet kan praktiseras. Nu vill jag ytterligare vidga perspektivet över hur det i praktiken förhåller sig. I ljuset av styrdokument och litteraturstudier, vill jag också analysera rådande lärarpraxis. Min undersökning är en fallstudie och min enkätundersökning, som genomförs på två gymnasieskolor, baseras på en kvantitativ metod. Mina resultat pekar på att tiden i första hand går till förberedelser, i andra hand lektioner, i tredje hand efterarbete och i fjärde hand kontakter. Jag har sett hur ca 70 % av lärarna menar att läraruppdraget, av olika anledningar, men framför allt på grund av bedömning, rättning och känslor av otillräcklighet, är speciellt tröttande. Min avsikt har inte varit att ge ett svar. Jag ser däremot hur upplevelsen av tid och energi kan kopplas till förändringar av styrdokument och hur rådande förändringar kan kopplas samman med en ’disciplinering’ av läraryrket. Disciplineringen är kanske inte fel men bör belysas / AbstractThe end of this work is illustrative and is applicable to teachers experience of time and energy. Through schools and practices I’ve seen how the work as a teacher can be put into practice, now I do want to broaden my mind about how the practical matters stand. In the light of governingdocuments and litterature I want to analyse ruling praxis. My examination should be seen as a case study and my opinion poll is accomplished on two upper secondary schools and based upon a quantitative method. My result indicates that the time in first place goes to preparations, in second place to lessons, in third place to take care and mark papers and works and in fourth place to different kinds of contacts. I have seen that 70% say that the teaching profession, on different reasons but specially cause of markings and feelings of insufficiency, is particular tiring. My intention was not to give an answer. While I do see how the experince of time and energy can be connected to the change of ruling praxis and how the prevailing change can be connected to a disciplination of teaching profession. The disciplination does not have to be wrong although it should be a part of our awareness.

<p> This dissertation examines explicit and implicit conceptualizations of time and history in four contemporary Canadian novels: Allan Donaldson's Maclean, Joy Kogawa's Obasan, Margaret Laurence's The Diviners, and Lee Maracle's Daughters are Forever. Performing close textual analysis from a posture of 'deliberate empathy,' the author identifies several key textual devices and concepts that signal the texts' alternate ideas about time and history. These include temporal simultaneity, historical multiplicity, and the presence of the past. Drawing on critical work from fields including literary theory, globalization and cultural studies, indigenous studies and anthropology, the author investigates the political significance of the texts' different historical and temporal models. She argues that the way individuals and cultures understand time and history bears significant influence on the ways in which they understand their ethical relationships with and responsibility toward the world around them. The dissertation closes with a call for further engagement with questions of temporality and for continued efforts to link pedagogical activity to struggles for human rights. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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