Este estudo analisa as relações entre a difusão da religião cristã e a afirmação da hegemonia aristocrática no processo de constituição do regime senhorial na Península Ibérica entre os séculos IV e VIII. Considera-se essencial à caracterização deste processo a articulação entre cultura, religião e relações sociais de produção em desenvolvimento no período, eixo a partir do qual se abordam as complexas questões relacionadas à conversão e à preservação de crenças e práticas alheias ao cristianismo, concebidas no quadro das relações de dominação e resistência. Com base na análise de fontes primárias de natureza diversa, como a legislação régia, a coleção das atas conciliares, a literatura hagiográfica, os sermões, a liturgia, a poesia cristã e alguns tratados dogmáticos, destaca-se a íntima correlação entre a concepção de mundo, das relações travadas pelo homens entre si e com a natureza, divulgadas pelo cristianismo, e a afirmação da ascendência aristocrática na sociedade e no período em questão. / This work analyzes the connection between the spread of the Christian religion and the establishment of the aristocratic hegemony in the formation process of the landowner system in the Iberian Peninsula between 4th and 8th centuries. The articulation among culture, religion, and the social relationships of production being developed at the time are considered essential in order to characterize this process. From that point on, complex issues regarding the conversion to Christianity and the maintenance of alien beliefs and practices as part of the framework of domination and resistance relations were investigated. Based upon the analysis of primary sources of varied nature, such as regal legislation, a collection of conciliar documents, hagiographic literature, sermons, liturgy, Christian poetry and dogmatic treatises, emphasis was placed on the close correlation between the conception of the world – the relationships among men and their peers, and between men and Nature – spread out by Christianity and the establishment of the aristocratic ascendancy in society.

Este estudo analisa as relações entre a difusão da religião cristã e a afirmação da hegemonia aristocrática no processo de constituição do regime senhorial na Península Ibérica entre os séculos IV e VIII. Considera-se essencial à caracterização deste processo a articulação entre cultura, religião e relações sociais de produção em desenvolvimento no período, eixo a partir do qual se abordam as complexas questões relacionadas à conversão e à preservação de crenças e práticas alheias ao cristianismo, concebidas no quadro das relações de dominação e resistência. Com base na análise de fontes primárias de natureza diversa, como a legislação régia, a coleção das atas conciliares, a literatura hagiográfica, os sermões, a liturgia, a poesia cristã e alguns tratados dogmáticos, destaca-se a íntima correlação entre a concepção de mundo, das relações travadas pelo homens entre si e com a natureza, divulgadas pelo cristianismo, e a afirmação da ascendência aristocrática na sociedade e no período em questão. / This work analyzes the connection between the spread of the Christian religion and the establishment of the aristocratic hegemony in the formation process of the landowner system in the Iberian Peninsula between 4th and 8th centuries. The articulation among culture, religion, and the social relationships of production being developed at the time are considered essential in order to characterize this process. From that point on, complex issues regarding the conversion to Christianity and the maintenance of alien beliefs and practices as part of the framework of domination and resistance relations were investigated. Based upon the analysis of primary sources of varied nature, such as regal legislation, a collection of conciliar documents, hagiographic literature, sermons, liturgy, Christian poetry and dogmatic treatises, emphasis was placed on the close correlation between the conception of the world – the relationships among men and their peers, and between men and Nature – spread out by Christianity and the establishment of the aristocratic ascendancy in society.

1 Abstract The Buquoy aristocratic family is a branch of the Longueval family that has origins in current France. The Buquoys arrived in Lands of the Bohemian Crown during the thirty years' war when Charles Bonaventure was called in to fight Bohemian Protestants. Soon after, he received an estate in the Southern Bohemia from Ferdinand II where he and his descendants stayed nearly three and a half centuries. The Buquoys soon extended their opulent estates by Prague palaces and few regions in the North Bohemia. They contributed to advances in agriculture, glassblowing and in the area of social and scholar reforms. They were also engaged in politics and became important patrons of culture and arts. Nevertheless, the Buquoys suffered the same fate as other aristocratic families. In the beginning of the 19th century, they started losing their privileges and estates and, in 1945, they were expelled from Czechoslovakia based on Beneš decrees concerning retribution. The aim of this thesis is to point out the cultural legacy which Buquoys left behind in the current Czech Republic and to describe their overall contribution in particular areas. The thesis is divided into two chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to the general picture and to the history of aristocratic families in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown...

The thesis deals with the prime period of the town Veselí nad Moravou. The aim of this thesis is to define the foundation activity of aristocratic families in the Veselí region. Aspecial attention is devoted to the altar paintings, whose origin has not been so far elucidated. The main aim of the thesis is to describe religious paintings in three different churches and try to attribute possible authers of the paintings through a confrontation of available materials.

"Nietzsche and aristocratic ranking" tries to address and interpret relatively incoherent topic of the higher man and, specifically, aristocratic ranking. Basic concepts of Nietzsche's thoughts are shown through the thesis, specifically from Genealogy of Morality, The Dawn or The Gay Science. Some of those concepts are listed as follows: morality of custom, gradation, individual, autonomous individual, noble or blond beast and these concepts are then intertwined with aristocratic ranking. By that not only those basic concepts are clarified, but especially aristocratic ranking as such. Thesis aims to interconnect each of these motives and take interpretation to some important motives of Will to Power, which then helps the reader to understand broader context. Aristocratic ranking is shown as integral part of Nietzsche's thoughs and is then implied as inherent part of all basic motives that Nietzsche's work imply.

Ce travail reconstitue les mécanismes humoristiques propres à la concurrence politique des époques tardo-républicaine et impériale, dans le but de montrer les adaptations du risum mouere aux changements politiques et sociaux intervenus durant cette période. Il s’agit de dépasser une lecture théorique centrée sur le rire de l’homo urbanus et du bon orateur proposée par Cicéron et Quintilien pour lui préférer une lecture historicisée et combinatoire, considérant les orateurs, les traits d’esprit, les auditoires et les causes politiques comme un tout à l’agencement variable de ce que les Modernes nomment l’« humour politique ». Scrutant les divers contextes politiques de cet humour (les procès, le Sénat, les contiones, le Forum, la campagne militaire ou encore la rue), la recherche souligne également le passage, selon des rythmes syncopés résultant d’un repli de la causticité aristocratique face à César mais qui perdure à l’époque triumvirale, d’un « faire rire » frontal articulé autour du succès oratoire vers un humour fondé sur l’anonymat des correspondances, des graffitis ou des chants du triomphe. La dernière partie du travail, centrée sur le premier siècle du Principat, part de l’opposition établie par des sources pro-sénatoriales entre les « bons princes » et les « tyrans » pour mieux montrer que, ne se limitant pas à refuser ou à accepter le rire politique selon son degré de dangerosité pour leur autorité politique, les princes utilisèrent également le rire à leur profit, entretenant par là une « inaccessible accessibilité » au fondement du charisme impérial, permettant l’aboutissement de la « Révolution romaine ». / This work explores the links between risum mouere and Roman political competition from the two last centuries of the Republic to the beginnings of the Principate. It is necessary to go beyond a critical discussion of the influential theories of the good orator and homo urbanus (mostly conceptualized by Cicero and Quintilian) and instead to adopt a historicizing and complex reading of the phenomenon, conceiving political humor as an ever-changing object shaped by orators, jokes, audiences, and political struggles. In order to understand its role in the roman city, political humor thus needs to be considered as a contextualized whole. The first part of the dissertation considers risum mouere in the context of trials, in the Senate, on the Forum, in the street or at war. Each of these case studies reveals a type of political humor that is freely and openly used in public life. The second part tries to determine what impact Caesar’s rise and the triumvirs had on political competition and, at the same time, on the possibilities of using political humor in the city. This section sheds light on the multiple ways in which the aristocrats and people of Rome continued to mock the powerful (Caesar, Antony and Octavian) by using more discreet channels (correspondence, graffiti, triumphal songs), and how these enabled them to keep expressing strong political opposition, which was otherwise dangerous to address in broad daylight. The third and last part focuses on the first century A.D. and discusses the opposition elaborated by ancient authors between the “good prince”, who was naturally comfortable with political humor, and the repressive “tyrant”. A critical study of the literary documentation shows that every Princeps tended to discourage political humor when it meant an effective danger for the imperial authority, but also that emperors knew how to use laughter and humor to create a form of “inapproachable approachability” which constituted a foundation of imperial charisma and strengthened the new regime, born from the “Roman revolution”.

Dans le Royaume de Sicile, le patronage religieux entrepris par les femmes des dynasties normande et Hohenstaufen sous-tend la question de l'affirmation de l'individu dans la société médiévale. Comme dans les représentations iconographiques des reines et des princesses, ces actions mettent l'accent plus sur le pouvoir de la dame aristocratique que sur son appartenance au genre féminin. Mais le patronage féminin est aussi lié à la question de la mémoire du lignage; l'individu se définissant par rapport à un groupe formé de morts et de vivants, la commémoration des ancêtres disparus participe aussi à la création d'un mémoire aristocratique véhiculée par les femmes. / In the Realm of Sicily, the religious patronage begun by the women of the dynasties Norman and Hohenstaufen underlies the question of the assertion of the individual in the medieval society. As in the iconographic representations of the queens and the princesses, these actions emphasize more the power of the aristocratic lady than her membership in the feminine genre.But the feminine patronage is also connected to the question of the memory of the nobility; the individual defining itself with regard to a group formed by deaths and by alive, the remembrance of the disappeared ancestors also participates in the creation of an aristocratic report conveyed by the women.

Dans le Royaume de Sicile, le patronage religieux entrepris par les femmes des dynasties normande et Hohenstaufen sous-tend la question de l'affirmation de l'individu dans la société médiévale. Comme dans les représentations iconographiques des reines et des princesses, ces actions mettent l'accent plus sur le pouvoir de la dame aristocratique que sur son appartenance au genre féminin. Mais le patronage féminin est aussi lié à la question de la mémoire du lignage; l'individu se définissant par rapport à un groupe formé de morts et de vivants, la commémoration des ancêtres disparus participe aussi à la création d'un mémoire aristocratique véhiculée par les femmes. / In the Realm of Sicily, the religious patronage begun by the women of the dynasties Norman and Hohenstaufen underlies the question of the assertion of the individual in the medieval society. As in the iconographic representations of the queens and the princesses, these actions emphasize more the power of the aristocratic lady than her membership in the feminine genre.But the feminine patronage is also connected to the question of the memory of the nobility; the individual defining itself with regard to a group formed by deaths and by alive, the remembrance of the disappeared ancestors also participates in the creation of an aristocratic report conveyed by the women.

So far the history of medieval Franciscan Observance has been considered as the history of individual monasteries, or more generally as the history of disputes concerning education, culture and nationality. The aim of the present dissertation is to describe the history in terms of cultural history, to analyze wider issues of architecture regarding monastic buildings of the last big monastic community of The Middle Ages, to describe them and evaluate. The basic structure of the dissertation consists of monographic chapters monitoring the history and building development of fifteen preserved and thirteen extinct monasteries in territory of the Czech monastic province (Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and Upper Lusatia). The catalogue part is introduced by chapters summarizing the historical context of Franciscan Observants' activities within a short period between the second half of the 15th century and the first half of the 16th century, during which the Observants of the Czech province experienced both the stage of raise and decay. The history of the order is then followed by an essay on the rules of the process of foundation constructions of the convents, the order rules limiting artwork and mainly the character of the order architecture. Key words Franciscan Observants, Late Gothic Architecture,...

My thesis Bohemika in the castle library collection in Český Krumlov is devoted to the processing of the Czech collection of the castle library in Český Krumlov. The primary source are Czech books, which are now stored in the castle library. The Czech collection was developed by the aristocratic family of Schwarzenberg. In my thesis I deal not only with the general evaluation of this part of the collection, but also with the attitude of individual book owners towards the Czech language and literature. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter briefly describes the development of Český Krumlov Castle and the castle library, the second chapter is devoted to the general evaluation of the Czech collection in the library. The third chapter outlines the historical development of Schwarzenberg family in the concept of the castle library. There is a significant point of view of the owners of the Czech books and the access of the individual members to the Czech language and literature. The fourth chapter focuses in detail on the area of artistic literature and its presence in the castle library. The fifth chapter deals with the Czech collection of the castle library in Vrchotovy Janovice and its owners, particularly with the baroness Sidonie Nádherná from Borutín. The book collections of both the libraries are compared in the end of the thesis. The thesis also includes the catalogue of the Czech books, which I prepared and organized.