Este trabalho pretende analisar cuidadosamente os mecanismos empregados por James Joyce para a representação das vozes e do convívio das várias instâncias e individualidades vocais em seu romance Ulysses. Para isso ele realiza uma minuciosa leitura (a todo momento partindo de exemplos concretos) de cada um dos dezoito episódios do romance, buscando primeiro estabelecer uma base, uma técnica primeira, a partir da qual será comentado o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas e novos efeitos, episódio a episódio. Para esta leitura, será central a idéia de arranjo, conforme definida por David Hayman. Num segundo momento, as formulações estabelecidas a partir da letra do texto joyceano serão confrontadas com o que os estudos do círculo de filósofos da linguagem cuja figura central é Mikhail Bakhtin puderam dizer a respeito das mesmas questões. Como parte de seu desenvolvimento e também como parte de seu resultado, o trabalho apresenta ainda uma nova tradução do Ulysses para o português / This work deals with the mechanics of the representation of voices and the representation of their co-existence (both as individual voices and as representatives of different levels of the narrative structure) in the novel Ulysses, by James Joyce. The first objective has been the detailed reading and analysis (always grounding the commentary on concrete examples) of each of the eighteen episodes of the novel, trying in a first moment to establish the notion of a basic technique, to which new procedures and new effects will be added as the novel progresses. In this reading, the ideas of David Hayman (best represented in his creation of the arranger) have been of the utmost importance. After that, all that has been extracted from Joyce\'s text has been compared to the writings of that circle of Russian scholars defined by the central presence of Mikhail Bakhtin, trying to refine from them all that may deal with the same questions. Both as part of its development and as part of its final product, this thesis presents also a new Brazilian translation of Ulysses

Este trabalho pretende analisar cuidadosamente os mecanismos empregados por James Joyce para a representação das vozes e do convívio das várias instâncias e individualidades vocais em seu romance Ulysses. Para isso ele realiza uma minuciosa leitura (a todo momento partindo de exemplos concretos) de cada um dos dezoito episódios do romance, buscando primeiro estabelecer uma base, uma técnica primeira, a partir da qual será comentado o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas e novos efeitos, episódio a episódio. Para esta leitura, será central a idéia de arranjo, conforme definida por David Hayman. Num segundo momento, as formulações estabelecidas a partir da letra do texto joyceano serão confrontadas com o que os estudos do círculo de filósofos da linguagem cuja figura central é Mikhail Bakhtin puderam dizer a respeito das mesmas questões. Como parte de seu desenvolvimento e também como parte de seu resultado, o trabalho apresenta ainda uma nova tradução do Ulysses para o português / This work deals with the mechanics of the representation of voices and the representation of their co-existence (both as individual voices and as representatives of different levels of the narrative structure) in the novel Ulysses, by James Joyce. The first objective has been the detailed reading and analysis (always grounding the commentary on concrete examples) of each of the eighteen episodes of the novel, trying in a first moment to establish the notion of a basic technique, to which new procedures and new effects will be added as the novel progresses. In this reading, the ideas of David Hayman (best represented in his creation of the arranger) have been of the utmost importance. After that, all that has been extracted from Joyce\'s text has been compared to the writings of that circle of Russian scholars defined by the central presence of Mikhail Bakhtin, trying to refine from them all that may deal with the same questions. Both as part of its development and as part of its final product, this thesis presents also a new Brazilian translation of Ulysses

Este trabalho propõe-se a investigar, identificar e analisar as práticas do regente-arranjador desde a concepção do arranjo até sua performance, passando pela escolha do repertório, procedimentos e técnicas de escrita, ensaios. Objetiva ainda averiguar o quanto o regente-arranjador participa ou influencia na circulação do repertório coral brasileiro. Para isso, adotamos uma metodologia mista e pesquisa empírica. Divide-se em dois capítulos, no primeiro, pesquisando sobre a circulação do repertório, traçou-se um panorama cultural dos séculos XX e XXI, fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica de dez trabalhos que abordam em suas temáticas a produção de arranjos, entre eles Fernandes (2003), Souza (2003), Pereira (2006) e Moura (2012), discutiu-se o termo \"popular\" e o conceito de \"arranjo coral\" neste contexto e ainda analisou-se programas de concerto de encontros corais (1984-1994). No segundo capítulo, buscou-se definir o perfil do regente-arranjador, utilizando o método prosopográfico (STONE, 2011; e PAZ, 2014). Foram ainda realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e abertas com os regentes-arranjadores Eduardo Fernandes, Marcelo Recski e Roberto Rodrigues a fim de obter informações mais detalhadas e completas, tais entrevistas foram a única forma de chegar a esclarecimentos sobre as questões práticas sobre composição e interpretação de arranjos, além de questões específicas de determinados arranjos, que as outras metodologias não eram capazes de abarcar. Ao tratar diretamente das práticas do regente-arranjador, analisou-se: o repertório como fator de identidade de grupo; os processos de hibridação nos arranjos (CANCLINI, 2003; e BURKE, 2003); adaptações de arranjos; e regras e estratégias de escrita, leitura e interpretação de arranjos corais com base no conceito de comunidade interpretativa (OLIVEIRA, 2002). Como resultado, constatou-se que há um predomínio de arranjos em relação às composições nos programas analisados e que o regente-arranjador é o principal produtor destes arranjos. Baseado na noção de comunidade interpretativa, conclui-se que as partituras de arranjos corais são geralmente partituras abertas, sujeitas a alguns acréscimos, supressões ou transformações. A partir das entrevistas, foi possível identificar práticas de leitura e de uso compartilhadas pelos regentes corais brasileiros responsáveis pela circulação de arranjos, referentes a dinâmicas, andamentos, respirações, cifras, ritmos, entre outras. / This research is intended to investigate, identify and analyze the various practices of conductor-arranger - from the arrangement\'s conception up to its performance, throughout repertoire\'s choice, writing procedures and techniques, and rehearsals. It also aims to verify how much the conductor-arranger participates or even influences Brazilian choral repertoire\'s circulation. For that, we have adopted a mixed methodology and empirical research. The research is divided into two chapters. The first looks at repertoire circulation, where we have traced an overview of the 20th and 21st centuries: there is a literature review of ten works that approach arrangement\'s production, among them Fernandes (2003), Souza (2003), Pereira (2006) and Moura (2012). The term \'popular\' and the concept of \'choral arrangement\' are discussed and the concert programs of Choral encounters are analyzed (1984-1994). In the second chapter, the purpose was to define the conductor-arranger\'s profile, by using the prosopographical method (STONE, 2011; and PAZ, 2014). Three conductor-arrangers contributed in semi-structured and open interviews, among them are Eduardo Fernandes, Marcelo Recski and Roberto Rodrigues, in order to obtain more detailed and complete information. Such interviews were the only way of coming to understand practical issues on composition and interpretation of arrangements, besides specific issues of some of the arrangements, that other methodologies were not able to approach. Regarding the practices of the conductor-arranger, the following subjects were analyzed: the repertoire as a group identity factor, the hybridization processes in arrangements (CANCLINI, 2003; e BURKE, 2003); arrangement\'s adaptations, writing rules and strategies, reading and interpretation of choral arrangements based on the concept of interpretative community (OLIVEIRA, 2002). As a result, it was verified that the number of arrangements prevail compositions in the analyzed programs, and that the conductor-arranger is the main producer of those arrangements. Based on the concept of interpretative community, we can conclude that choral arrangement scores are generally open scores, prone to additions, cuts and other changes. The interviews made possible to identify reading practices and shared use by Brazilian choral conductors who are responsible for the arrangements circulation, referring to dynamics, tempo, breathings, chord symbols, rhythms, among others.

Este trabalho propõe-se a investigar, identificar e analisar as práticas do regente-arranjador desde a concepção do arranjo até sua performance, passando pela escolha do repertório, procedimentos e técnicas de escrita, ensaios. Objetiva ainda averiguar o quanto o regente-arranjador participa ou influencia na circulação do repertório coral brasileiro. Para isso, adotamos uma metodologia mista e pesquisa empírica. Divide-se em dois capítulos, no primeiro, pesquisando sobre a circulação do repertório, traçou-se um panorama cultural dos séculos XX e XXI, fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica de dez trabalhos que abordam em suas temáticas a produção de arranjos, entre eles Fernandes (2003), Souza (2003), Pereira (2006) e Moura (2012), discutiu-se o termo \"popular\" e o conceito de \"arranjo coral\" neste contexto e ainda analisou-se programas de concerto de encontros corais (1984-1994). No segundo capítulo, buscou-se definir o perfil do regente-arranjador, utilizando o método prosopográfico (STONE, 2011; e PAZ, 2014). Foram ainda realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e abertas com os regentes-arranjadores Eduardo Fernandes, Marcelo Recski e Roberto Rodrigues a fim de obter informações mais detalhadas e completas, tais entrevistas foram a única forma de chegar a esclarecimentos sobre as questões práticas sobre composição e interpretação de arranjos, além de questões específicas de determinados arranjos, que as outras metodologias não eram capazes de abarcar. Ao tratar diretamente das práticas do regente-arranjador, analisou-se: o repertório como fator de identidade de grupo; os processos de hibridação nos arranjos (CANCLINI, 2003; e BURKE, 2003); adaptações de arranjos; e regras e estratégias de escrita, leitura e interpretação de arranjos corais com base no conceito de comunidade interpretativa (OLIVEIRA, 2002). Como resultado, constatou-se que há um predomínio de arranjos em relação às composições nos programas analisados e que o regente-arranjador é o principal produtor destes arranjos. Baseado na noção de comunidade interpretativa, conclui-se que as partituras de arranjos corais são geralmente partituras abertas, sujeitas a alguns acréscimos, supressões ou transformações. A partir das entrevistas, foi possível identificar práticas de leitura e de uso compartilhadas pelos regentes corais brasileiros responsáveis pela circulação de arranjos, referentes a dinâmicas, andamentos, respirações, cifras, ritmos, entre outras. / This research is intended to investigate, identify and analyze the various practices of conductor-arranger - from the arrangement\'s conception up to its performance, throughout repertoire\'s choice, writing procedures and techniques, and rehearsals. It also aims to verify how much the conductor-arranger participates or even influences Brazilian choral repertoire\'s circulation. For that, we have adopted a mixed methodology and empirical research. The research is divided into two chapters. The first looks at repertoire circulation, where we have traced an overview of the 20th and 21st centuries: there is a literature review of ten works that approach arrangement\'s production, among them Fernandes (2003), Souza (2003), Pereira (2006) and Moura (2012). The term \'popular\' and the concept of \'choral arrangement\' are discussed and the concert programs of Choral encounters are analyzed (1984-1994). In the second chapter, the purpose was to define the conductor-arranger\'s profile, by using the prosopographical method (STONE, 2011; and PAZ, 2014). Three conductor-arrangers contributed in semi-structured and open interviews, among them are Eduardo Fernandes, Marcelo Recski and Roberto Rodrigues, in order to obtain more detailed and complete information. Such interviews were the only way of coming to understand practical issues on composition and interpretation of arrangements, besides specific issues of some of the arrangements, that other methodologies were not able to approach. Regarding the practices of the conductor-arranger, the following subjects were analyzed: the repertoire as a group identity factor, the hybridization processes in arrangements (CANCLINI, 2003; e BURKE, 2003); arrangement\'s adaptations, writing rules and strategies, reading and interpretation of choral arrangements based on the concept of interpretative community (OLIVEIRA, 2002). As a result, it was verified that the number of arrangements prevail compositions in the analyzed programs, and that the conductor-arranger is the main producer of those arrangements. Based on the concept of interpretative community, we can conclude that choral arrangement scores are generally open scores, prone to additions, cuts and other changes. The interviews made possible to identify reading practices and shared use by Brazilian choral conductors who are responsible for the arrangements circulation, referring to dynamics, tempo, breathings, chord symbols, rhythms, among others.

Americana Suite is a seven movement musical composition inspired by nineteenth and early twentieth century American master paintings. Representative artists from each of the major schools of American painting include Frederic Church, Winslow Homer, Mary Cassatt, Childe Hassam, George Bellows, Edward Hopper and Georgia O'Keeffe. Essentially pluralist in style, the suite is written for ensembles of varying size and genre, spanning from full orchestra and contemporary big band to intimate jazz chamber ensembles and electro-acoustic hybrids. Four of the seven movements are written for jazz ensembles and incorporate improvisation, while the other three orchestral movements explore romantic, impressionist and cinematic idioms. Historical summaries of each school, artist and painting are followed by detailed aesthetic and theoretical analyses of the respective movements. Harmonica virtuoso Howard Levy performs as a special guest artist.

This work undertakes the first comprehensive theoretical assessment of syndicated loans. It is shown that syndicated and bilateral (single lender) loans should be good substitutes in meeting a borrower's financing requirements, but that syndicated loans are more complex and impose additional risks to the parties in the way they are arranged. The existing explantions of loan syndication - that they are hybrids of private bank loans and public debt instruments, that syndication is a portfolio management tool, and that loans are syndicated where they are too large to be provided bilaterally - are unable to substantially explain both the nature of syndicated loans and practice in the loan markets. A rigorous new explanation is developed, which shows that syndication reduces the rate of lending costs, so that the return to the loan originator is greater, and the borrower's cost of financing is lower, where a loan is syndicated rather than provided bilaterally. This explanation is shown to hold in competitive loan markets and to be consistent with the observation that syndicated loans are generally larger than other loans. Incidental to this new explanation, new expressions of the return to a bank from providing a loan on a bilateral basis and from originating a syndicated loan are also developed. New algorithms are also developed for determining the distribution of the commitments from syndicate participants and thus the originator's final hold, the amount it must lend itself, where the loan is underwritten. This provides, for the first time, a rigorous basis for assessing the expected return, and the risk, for the originator of a given syndicated loan. Finally, empirical testing finds that a bank's observed lending history is significant to its decision to participate in a new syndicated loan but that predictions of participation, which are fundamental inputs into the final hold algorithms, based on this information have relatively little power. It follows that there is competitive advantage to loan originators that have access to other, private information on potential participants' lending intentions.

政府在1990年開放新銀行申請設立、1991年共核准通過15家新銀行籌設，國內銀行自此即進入百家爭鳴的時代，各家銀行惡性競爭的結果，除了利差不斷降低外，授信品質亦不斷惡化，各銀行資本報酬率直直落，為求生存，遂絞盡腦汁不斷推出各種新型商品以促進客戶擴大信用；聯合貸款業務亦不例外，各銀行有鑑於傳統企業授信漸不能達到應有績效之際，紛紛著重於聯貸業務，於是業務競爭日趨白熱化，如何設計符合貸款企業期望的授信方案，是各銀行贏得聯合授信主辦權的重要課題。 因此，企業如何選擇聯合貸款主辦行之影響因素，是各銀行放款經理人亟盼了解的經營知識，而根據這些關鍵影響因素，各銀行為爭取主辦權所擬定的各項經營模式與策略，即是足以決定聯合貸款業務在各銀行未來之發展情形與定位，甚而決定其在聯貸市場所扮演之角色與市場佔有率。 有鑑於此，本研究主要以銀行端的角色來探討各銀行針對聯合貸款業務所為之相關措施及其後續之影響結果，並針對國內主要聯貸銀行做個案分析，以了解各銀行所採取的策略及經營方針。