Arroyos are steep-walled, entrenched, typically ephemeral streams commonly found in dryland river systems that form when streams incise into previously deposited alluvial fill. Arroyos in the southwestern U.S. have been studied extensively following the historic period of arroyo cutting in the late 1800s and early 1900s A.D. The upper Escalante River in south-central Utah similarly began incising in 1909, and records evidence for past cut and fill cycles in well-exposed walls along the now continuous arroyo. Establishing robust geochronologies of past arroyo cycles in these fluvial settings has been difficult. Recent improvements in accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon (14C) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating provide an opportunity to link more highly resolved fluvial records to existing paleoclimate records. This allows hypotheses regarding the causes of arroyo cycles to be tested, and for the role of climate versus intrabasinal characteristics to be examined. One major objective of this research was to examine the applicability of OSL and AMS 14C dating in the upper Escalante, as both methods have proved problematic in similar settings. In total, 37 ages were obtained, 21 OSL and 16 14C ages. The Holocene fluvial history of the upper Escalante River was reconstructed using these age results and stratigraphic relationships. The chronostratigraphic record developed in this study suggests that at least six arroyo cycles have occurred in the upper Escalante since the middle Holocene, with incision occurring ~4.4 – 4.2 ka, ~2.6 – 2.4 ka, ~1.8 – 1.5 ka, ~1.0 – 0.9 ka, ~0.5 - 0.4 ka, and during the historic period of arroyo entrenchment. While semi-synchronous arroyo cutting (indicative of a climate signal) appears to have occurred in the Paria and Escalante drainages over the last 1 ka, correlations between proximal drainages are less clear prior to 1 ka, although this may be due in part to preservation effects. Overall, linkages to specific climate regimes and correlations to regional drainages are difficult to identify, suggesting that internal geomorphic thresholds are important in determining when arroyo entrenchment occurs in individual catchments.

La cuenca hidrográfica según FAO/RLAC (1998), es una unidad territorial formada por un río con sus afluentes y por un área colectora de las aguas. En la cuenca están contenidos los recursos naturales básicos para las múltiples actividades humanas, como agua, suelo, vegetación y fauna. Todos mantienen una continua y particular interacción entre ellos y con los aprovechamientos y desarrollos productivos del hombre. El manejo inadecuado de los recursos naturales origina problemas que afectan seriamente la capacidad productiva de los sistemas agropecuarios y finalmente repercuten a mediano y largo plazo en la calidad de vida de los habitantes. Desde un punto de vista hidrográfico, el área de estudio, corresponde a la cabecera de la cuenca del Arroyo Pillahuinco Grande perteneciente al partido de Coronel Pringles, provincia de Buenos Aires. Esta área, posee gran influencia sobre los caudales que circulan por el cauce, ya que las características particulares de sus suelos, vegetación y topografía, ligados al uso del territorio determinan que gran parte de la precipitación pluvial se transforme en escorrentía. Los recursos que dispone el hombre para paliar la degradación ambiental, se encuentran en la ingeniería agro-hidrológica y medioambiental a través de los proyectos de restauración agro-hidrológica de las cuencas. Con la aplicación de medidas de control del agua superficial en el área serrana de la cuenca del Arroyo Pillahuinco Grande, se estaría aumentando el recurso hídrico disponible para los cultivos en épocas deficitarias, los caudales punta disminuirían y con ello el riesgo de inundación en la ciudad. La hipótesis del trabajo plantea que las prácticas de restauración agro-hidrológicas propuestas constituyen un método integral en el control del escurrimiento superficial. Para ello se propuso el objetivo general de determinar el efecto de la restauración agro-hidrológica sobre el escurrimiento superficial en el área serrana de la Cuenca del Arroyo Pillahuinco Grande. Teniendo como objetivos particulares: caracterizar ambientalmente el área serrana de la cuenca del Arroyo Pillahuinco Grande, elaborar una base de datos cartográfica temática digital para su potencial disponibilidad pública, modelizar la respuesta hidrológica del área serrana de la cuenca del Arroyo Pillahuinco Grande ante diferentes eventos de precipitación para la condición actual, proponer medidas de restauración agro-hidrológica coherentes con el tipo de producción actual tendientes a disminuir la escorrentía superficial, ajustar las medidas propuestas ante diferentes eventos de precipitación para la condición restaurada y comparar la respuesta del escurrimiento superficial según la condición actual y restaurada del área ante diferentes eventos de precipitación. Para abordar los objetivos se utilizaron diversas metodologías, basadas en el uso de información antecedente, toma de datos a campo y el procesamiento de los mismos a través de Sistemas de Información geográfica (SIG) y los modelos hidrológicos Lthia Gis NPS y Hec Hms, ambos basados en el método de transformación precipitación-escorrentía del Número de Curva elaborada por el Soil Conservation Service de los Estados Unidos. Los modelos permitieron establecer el funcionamiento hidrológico de la cuenca y sus subcuencas, obteniendo la zonificación espacial de la lámina de escorrentía, los hidrogramas caudales pico y volumen total de escorrentía para la condición actual y para las medidas propuestas, ante diferentes eventos de precipitación. La utilización de SIG permitió establecer medidas de restauración agro-hidrológica haciendo una evaluación multicriterio de las condiciones presentes en la cuenca. La comparación de los hidrogramas para la condición actual y restaurada ante los eventos de precipitación demuestra una marcada influencia de la morfometría sobre los volúmenes escurridos y los caudales picos. Una mayor disminución de los valores de lámina escurrida podría lograrse convirtiendo el pastizal serrano en bosques protectores, lo que trae aparejado, por un lado, una reducción del área con producción ganadera a niveles que pueden no poseer sustentabilidad económica y por otro, la disminución de la biodiversidad natural del ambiente.

Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009. / Title from PDF title page; viewed on July 14, 2009. Major professor: Paul Wack, AICP. "Presented to the faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of City and Regional Planning "May 2009." Includes bibliographical references. Will also be available on microfiche.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal o mapeamento das áreas suscetíveis à inundação na Bacia Hidrográfica do Arroio do Salso, em vista da acelerada ocupação que vem se processando nos últimos anos e diante de uma perspectiva de urbanização cada vez mais intensa em curto e em médio prazos. Esta bacia, que é a maior do município, está localizada na zona sul de Porto Alegre, capital do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, e atualmente constitui-se em uma nova “fronteira” de avanço da ocupação, inclusive irregular. O município tem um conhecido histórico de inundações, devido, entre outras causas, à existência de quase um terço de terras no mesmo nível dos rios, à riqueza hídrica da Região Hidrográfica do Guaíba e às características climáticas atuantes no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul – aliadas a um intenso processo de urbanização, que altera intensamente a dinâmica natural da drenagem. Embora as inundações sejam fenômenos cíclicos e naturais, testemunhos da dinâmica do ambiente que nos envolve, podem ser potencializadas pela ação do homem, o que justifica a busca da minimização de suas consequências por meio, sobretudo, da regulação da ocupação do espaço. Visando o reconhecimento dos condicionantes destes eventos, foi utilizada uma metodologia geográfica de pesquisa integrada, com a visão sistêmica proporcionada pela escolha da bacia hidrográfica como unidade de análise. A análise ambiental foi executada com ênfase geomorfológica, englobando os múltiplos fatores - naturais e antrópicos - que contribuem para a conformação da realidade local, sempre na perspectiva de um processo dinâmico e permanentemente ativo. Foram pesquisados os eventos de inundações na bacia, os padrões de precipitação local, a resposta de uma seção transversal do Arroio do Salso às chuvas intensas, as características geomorfológicas, geológicas e pedológicas da bacia e o uso e ocupação do solo. Os dados obtidos, incluindo as observações de campo, foram analisados e sintetizados graficamente em forma de mapas e a pesquisa demonstrou que há uma grande área suscetível a eventos de transbordamento do Arroio do Salso, ocorrendo frequentes prejuízos e transtornos às populações carentes do entorno. Foi possível demonstrar que a bacia apresenta características naturais que a tornam muito suscetível à inundação – o que é potencializado pela ação humana, que causa o aumento da vazão de pico, o estrangulamento da drenagem e o assoreamento dos canais. Associando-se, principalmente, as áreas de baixas declividades com solos de pequena capacidade de drenagem, foi possível identificar as áreas mais suscetíveis à ocorrência de inundação na bacia, bem como os pontos em que a ação humana intensifica esta suscetibilidade natural. A experiência da Bacia Hidrográfica do Arroio do Salso demonstra claramente que a urbanização intensa, sobretudo quando não é planejada para minimizar os impactos ambientais, pode resultar em grandes alterações na dinâmica hídrica natural. Como o próprio homem acaba por ser o maior prejudicado, a delimitação de áreas de ocupação previne estes riscos - e o mapeamento é um instrumento fundamental neste processo. / This research was aimed at mapping areas susceptible to flooding in the hydrographic basin of the Arroyo Salso in view of the rapid occupation that have been occurring in recent years and facing the prospect of urbanization increasingly intense in short and medium period of time. This basin, which is the largest of the city, nowadays, is a new "frontier" in advance of occupation, inclusively irregular. The city has a known history of flooding due to, among other reasons, the existence of almost one third of the lands in the same level of the rivers, the hydric wealth of the Guaíba Hydrographic region and climatic features operating in the State of Rio Grande do Sul - associated with an intense process of urbanization, which strongly changes the dynamics of natural drainage. Although floods are natural cyclic phenomena and as testimony of the dynamic environment that surrounds us, can be leveraged by man, which justifies the search for minimizing the consequences through, especially, the regulation of the use of space. For recognition of conditions of these events, we used a methodology geographical research integrated with the systems view provided by the choice of the basin as the unit of analysis. The environmental analysis was performed with emphasis on geomorphology, encompassing many factors - natural and man-made - that contribute to the shaping of local circumstances, bearing in mind that a dynamic and constantly active. We examined the flood events in the basin, the patterns of local precipitation, the response of a cross section of the Salso to heavy rain, the geomorphological characteristics, geological and soil basin and the use and occupation of land. The data obtained, including field observations, were analyzed and summarized graphically in the form of maps and the research has shown that there is a large area subject to flooding events of the Arroyo Salso occurring often damages and troubles to needy populations of the surroundings. It was possible to show that the basin has natural features that make it very susceptible to flooding - which is aggravated by human action, which causes an increase in peak discharge, the bottleneck in the drainage and siltation of the channels. Joining, mainly, the areas of lower slopes with little soil drainage capacity, it was possible to identify the areas at highest risk of flooding in the basin, as well as the points where human action intensifies this natural susceptibility. The experience of hydrographic basin of the Arroyo Salso clearly demonstrates that intensive urbanization, especially when it is not planned to minimize environmental impacts, can result in great changes in the natural hydric dynamics. As the man turns out to be the most affected, the delimitation of areas of occupation prevents these risks - and the mapping is a key tool in this process.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal o mapeamento das áreas suscetíveis à inundação na Bacia Hidrográfica do Arroio do Salso, em vista da acelerada ocupação que vem se processando nos últimos anos e diante de uma perspectiva de urbanização cada vez mais intensa em curto e em médio prazos. Esta bacia, que é a maior do município, está localizada na zona sul de Porto Alegre, capital do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, e atualmente constitui-se em uma nova “fronteira” de avanço da ocupação, inclusive irregular. O município tem um conhecido histórico de inundações, devido, entre outras causas, à existência de quase um terço de terras no mesmo nível dos rios, à riqueza hídrica da Região Hidrográfica do Guaíba e às características climáticas atuantes no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul – aliadas a um intenso processo de urbanização, que altera intensamente a dinâmica natural da drenagem. Embora as inundações sejam fenômenos cíclicos e naturais, testemunhos da dinâmica do ambiente que nos envolve, podem ser potencializadas pela ação do homem, o que justifica a busca da minimização de suas consequências por meio, sobretudo, da regulação da ocupação do espaço. Visando o reconhecimento dos condicionantes destes eventos, foi utilizada uma metodologia geográfica de pesquisa integrada, com a visão sistêmica proporcionada pela escolha da bacia hidrográfica como unidade de análise. A análise ambiental foi executada com ênfase geomorfológica, englobando os múltiplos fatores - naturais e antrópicos - que contribuem para a conformação da realidade local, sempre na perspectiva de um processo dinâmico e permanentemente ativo. Foram pesquisados os eventos de inundações na bacia, os padrões de precipitação local, a resposta de uma seção transversal do Arroio do Salso às chuvas intensas, as características geomorfológicas, geológicas e pedológicas da bacia e o uso e ocupação do solo. Os dados obtidos, incluindo as observações de campo, foram analisados e sintetizados graficamente em forma de mapas e a pesquisa demonstrou que há uma grande área suscetível a eventos de transbordamento do Arroio do Salso, ocorrendo frequentes prejuízos e transtornos às populações carentes do entorno. Foi possível demonstrar que a bacia apresenta características naturais que a tornam muito suscetível à inundação – o que é potencializado pela ação humana, que causa o aumento da vazão de pico, o estrangulamento da drenagem e o assoreamento dos canais. Associando-se, principalmente, as áreas de baixas declividades com solos de pequena capacidade de drenagem, foi possível identificar as áreas mais suscetíveis à ocorrência de inundação na bacia, bem como os pontos em que a ação humana intensifica esta suscetibilidade natural. A experiência da Bacia Hidrográfica do Arroio do Salso demonstra claramente que a urbanização intensa, sobretudo quando não é planejada para minimizar os impactos ambientais, pode resultar em grandes alterações na dinâmica hídrica natural. Como o próprio homem acaba por ser o maior prejudicado, a delimitação de áreas de ocupação previne estes riscos - e o mapeamento é um instrumento fundamental neste processo. / This research was aimed at mapping areas susceptible to flooding in the hydrographic basin of the Arroyo Salso in view of the rapid occupation that have been occurring in recent years and facing the prospect of urbanization increasingly intense in short and medium period of time. This basin, which is the largest of the city, nowadays, is a new "frontier" in advance of occupation, inclusively irregular. The city has a known history of flooding due to, among other reasons, the existence of almost one third of the lands in the same level of the rivers, the hydric wealth of the Guaíba Hydrographic region and climatic features operating in the State of Rio Grande do Sul - associated with an intense process of urbanization, which strongly changes the dynamics of natural drainage. Although floods are natural cyclic phenomena and as testimony of the dynamic environment that surrounds us, can be leveraged by man, which justifies the search for minimizing the consequences through, especially, the regulation of the use of space. For recognition of conditions of these events, we used a methodology geographical research integrated with the systems view provided by the choice of the basin as the unit of analysis. The environmental analysis was performed with emphasis on geomorphology, encompassing many factors - natural and man-made - that contribute to the shaping of local circumstances, bearing in mind that a dynamic and constantly active. We examined the flood events in the basin, the patterns of local precipitation, the response of a cross section of the Salso to heavy rain, the geomorphological characteristics, geological and soil basin and the use and occupation of land. The data obtained, including field observations, were analyzed and summarized graphically in the form of maps and the research has shown that there is a large area subject to flooding events of the Arroyo Salso occurring often damages and troubles to needy populations of the surroundings. It was possible to show that the basin has natural features that make it very susceptible to flooding - which is aggravated by human action, which causes an increase in peak discharge, the bottleneck in the drainage and siltation of the channels. Joining, mainly, the areas of lower slopes with little soil drainage capacity, it was possible to identify the areas at highest risk of flooding in the basin, as well as the points where human action intensifies this natural susceptibility. The experience of hydrographic basin of the Arroyo Salso clearly demonstrates that intensive urbanization, especially when it is not planned to minimize environmental impacts, can result in great changes in the natural hydric dynamics. As the man turns out to be the most affected, the delimitation of areas of occupation prevents these risks - and the mapping is a key tool in this process.

Submitted by VIVIANNY BESSÃO DE ASSIS null (viviannybessao@gmail.com) on 2016-12-05T14:10:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 12-02 VIVIANNY Tese completa - Biblioteca.doc: 46943232 bytes, checksum: 4571bfb912730ac0897b149fd0d353eb (MD5) / Rejected by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: A versão final da dissertação/tese deve ser submetida no formato PDF (Portable Document Format). O arquivo PDF não deve estar protegido e a dissertação/tese deve estar em um único arquivo, inclusive os apêndices e anexos, se houver. Por favor, corrija o formato do arquivo e realize uma nova submissão. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-12-07T11:20:22Z (GMT) / Submitted by VIVIANNY BESSÃO DE ASSIS null (viviannybessao@gmail.com) on 2016-12-07T12:27:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 12-02 VIVIANNY Tese completa - Biblioteca v2.pdf: 6631602 bytes, checksum: 13dbef5c59eab4fcf4ff6a61af078fec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-09T15:29:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 assis_vb_dr_mar.pdf: 6631602 bytes, checksum: 13dbef5c59eab4fcf4ff6a61af078fec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-09T15:29:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 assis_vb_dr_mar.pdf: 6631602 bytes, checksum: 13dbef5c59eab4fcf4ff6a61af078fec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nesta tese, apresentam-se resultados de pesquisa de Doutorado em Educação da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências da Universidade Estadual Paulista, campus de Marília-SP, vinculada à linha “História da literatura infantil e juvenil” do Grupo de Pesquisa e do Projeto Integrado de Pesquisa “História do Ensino de Língua e Literatura no Brasil”, ambos coordenados por Maria do Rosário Longo Mortatti. Com os objetivos de contribuir para a compreensão de uma história da literatura infantil no Brasil, focaliza-se a produção escrita do jornalista, escritor e historiador Leonardo Arroyo (1918-1985) sobre e de literatura infantil. Mediante abordagem histórica, centrada em pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, desenvolvida por meio dos procedimentos de localização, recuperação, reunião, seleção e ordenação de fontes documentais e leitura de bibliografia especializada, elaborou-se dois instrumentos de pesquisa nos quais estão contidas as referências de textos de e sobre Leonardo Arroyo e as referências de texto de Leonardo Arroyo de e sobre literatura infantil. Dentre os textos localizados, foram selecionados para análise da configuração textual o conjunto de textos referênciados no segundo instrumento de pesquisa por serem os mais representativos em relação aos objetivos da pesquisa. Essa análise possiblitou compreender que o conjunto da produção escrita de Leonardo Arroyo de e sobre literatura infantil apresenta aspectos de determinada concepção de literatura infantil, que se encontram diretamente relacionados com o movimento de constituição desse gênero literário como tema de pesquisa e campo de conhecimento específicos no Brasil (MORTATTI, 2011). Possibilitou compreender também que Arroyo contribuiu para a ordenação e sistematização de uma versão da história da literatura infantil que se perpetuou até os dias atuais, e também com a formulação de um conceito de literatura infantil como produção cultural destinada ao público infantil. / In this thesis, we present results of a PhD in Education from the Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Marília-SP campus, linked to the "History of Children and Youth Literature" line of the Research Group and the Integrated Project of Research "History of Teaching Language and Literature in Brazil", both coordinated by Maria do Rosário Longo Mortatti. With the aim of contributing to the understanding of a history of children's literature in Brazil, it focuses on the written production of the journalist, writer and historian Leonardo Arroyo (1918-1985) on children's literature. Through a historical approach, centered on documentary and bibliographical research, developed through the procedures of localization, retrieval, meeting, selection and ordering of documentary sources and reading of specialized bibliography, two research instruments were elaborated in which are contained the references of texts Of and about Leonardo Arroyo and Leonardo Arroyo's text references and about children's literature. Among the localized texts, we selected for textual analysis the set of texts referenced in the second research instrument because they are the most representative in relation to the research objectives. This analysis made it possible to understand that Leonardo Arroyo 's written production of and about children' s literature presents aspects of a certain conception of children 's literature that are directly related to the movement of constitution of this literary genre as a subject of research and field of specific knowledge in the Brazil (MORTATTI, 2011). It also allowed us to understand that Arroyo contributed to the ordering and systematization of a version of the history of children 's literature that has not been challenged until the present day and also with the formulation of a concept of children' s literature as a cultural production destined to the infantile public.

This study examines middle to late Holocene episodes of arroyo incision and aggradation in the Kitchen Corral Wash (KCW), a tributary of the Paria River in southern Utah. Arroyos are entrenched channels in valley-fill alluvium, and are capable of capturing decadal- to centennial-scale fluctuations in watershed hydrology as evidenced by the Holocene cut-fill stratigraphy recorded within near-vertical arroyo-channel walls. KCW has experienced both historic (ca. 1880-1920 AD) and prehistoric (Holocene) episodes of arroyo cutting and filling. The near-synchronous timing of arroyo cut-fill events between the Paria River and regional drainages over the last - 1 have led some researchers to argue that arroyo development is climatically driven. However, the influence of allogenic (climate-related) or autogenic (geomorphic threshold) forcings on arroyo dynamics are less clear. Uncertainty in influence of the controlling mechanisms of arroyo cutting and filling is partly due to the limited or poorly dated alluvial chronologies. This study tests the applicability of AMS radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to reconstruct alluvial chronologies in dryland fluvial systems, such as the KCW arroyo. Results from 12 arroyo-wall study sites in KCW indicate that 24 of the 39 analyzed AMS radiocarbon sample s and preliminary results from 12 of the 14 OSL sample s returned strati graphically consistent ages. Applying a combination of these two dating techniques allowed for increased sampling opportunities and cross-checking of ages to determine aberrant age results. By using detailed stratigraphic panels, sedimentologic descriptions, and the age control from AMS radiocarbon and OSL dating, this study produces a new chronostratigraphy that suggests at least five arroyo cut-fill cycles during the middle to late Holocene with periods of aggradation at: - 4.3 5 - 3 .4 ka (Qfl ), - 3 .2 - 2.25 ka (Qf2), - 2. 15 - 1 .45 ka (Qf3), - 1.3 - 0.8 ka (Qf4), - 0. 7- 0.12 ka (Qf5), and an older period of aggradation from - 7 .3 - 4.85 ka identified in an earlier stud y. This newly developed KCW cut-fill chronostratigraphy is compared to regional alluvial and paleoclimate records to test hypotheses regarding allogenic or autogenic forcings. Regional alluvial chronologies do not show coherent patterns of arroyo cut -fill dynamics, but instead appear to be affected by both allogenic and autogenic influences.

Through a grounded theory methodology data collection around early childhood experiences with nature leading towards positive civic engagement with the community, the theory of cultural entropy emerged along with a policy recommendation for reconnecting the community to the local watershed. Through qualitative interviews with lifelong residents and analysis of essays from local high school students comparing early experiences with nature, the theory of cultural entropy emerged to explain how perceptions and interactions with the local landscape changed across generations. With the help of key information interviews, archival research, and exploration of the local watershed, cultural entropy was used to theorize how the work culture should do towards protecting and passing along ecological, cultural, and historical knowledge that might help increase civic engagement. Lifelong residents participating in the research were found to have high levels of civic engagement through participation with the local historical society and/or recommendations from people because of their involvement with the community. More than any other theme, the importance of the Arroyo Grande Creek emerged as a significantly early experience in nature amongst all lifelong residents. In contrast, this experience was completely gone from the early experiences by the high school students participating in this study. Creation of the dam, channelization of the creek, and invasive species introduction have almost eliminated access to the creek, and invasive species introduction have almost eliminated access to the creek. Very little evidence was found along the entire stretch of creek from dam to ocean of kids playing in the creek. This is theorized to be a product of larger cultures from outside this local ecosystem diffusing into the local culture, creating disconnect from local ecosystem knowledge. A policy recommendation is to create an interpretive greenbelt system along an already existing dirt farm road controlled by local agricultural land, promoting community engagement with the local watershed. Because so much of the key ecological, historical, and cultural knowledge of the area centers around the watershed, it is hypothesized that a greenbelt system has potential for reversing cultural entropy, increasing ecological, historical, and cultural knowledge of the area, and promoting civic engagement.

In preparation for a Climate Action Plan, this policy and practice audit provides an overview of current city policies and practices with the potential to impact greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction goals. The audit builds upon information previously collected in a GHG emissions inventory report to identify policies that are consistent or inconsistent with emissions reductions goals. Preliminary GHG emissions reductions recommendations address policy gaps and opportunity areas in suggesting strategies to achieve GHG emissions reductions.

En ambientes interserranos, tales como los que emergen en la extensa llanura del sudoeste bonaerense, el advenimiento de períodos de lluvias superiores a la media histórica secular, magnifican los problemas ocasionados por el avance de la sociedad en ambientes frágiles desde el punto de vista hidrológico. Las precipitaciones relámpago de carácter torrencial, en cuencas hidrográficas pequeñas, con tiempo de respuesta muy rápida son consideradas sucesos imprevisibles aludiendo a las causantes naturales como únicas responsables del fenómeno inundación. En la localidad de Pigüé, -Distrito de Saavedra- ubicada en el faldeo occidental de las Sierras de Curamalal sobre el curso superior del Arroyo homónimo se identifican caracteres similares a los descriptos. Allí, la convergencia de factores naturales y antropogénicos potencian las condiciones de anegabilidad generando inundaciones recurrentes. El comportamiento torrencial de la cuenca en cuestión y la reiteración de las inundaciones, al menos siete en cien años, se conocen desde tiempos fundacionales; ello induce a reflexionar sobre la alta probabilidad de ocurrencia del fenómeno hacia el futuro. En consecuencia, es en tiempos de aparente normalidad, -período seco prolongado como el actual- cuando el riesgo hídrico debe ser estudiado ya que resulta un momento propicio al estar relativamente lejano de la presión que ejerce la inminencia de un evento. La profundización de los conocimientos sobre la vulnerabilidad física y social respecto del fenómeno de las inundaciones recurrentes en el área objeto de análisis contribuirá, sin dudas, a mejorar el proceso de gestión del problema de las inundaciones. El concepto riesgo hidrológico debería constituir una variable esencial en los nuevos planes de ordenamiento del territorio en beneficio de quienes habitan en la cuenca alta del Arroyo Pigüé. Además, en este estudio, se selecciona para el tratamiento de la problemática objeto de análisis la combinación entre metodologías provenientes desde las ciencias fisicalistas y las propuestas por la Teoría Social del Riesgo, donde las variables peligrosidad, vulnerabilidad, exposición e incertidumbre constituyen dimensiones fundamentales para interpretar la complejidad del fenómeno de manera integral. / In intermountain environments, such as those emerging in the extensive plain of southwestern Buenos Aires Province, the arrival of rainfall periods that are higher to the secular historical mean, magnify the problems caused by the advance of society in environments considered to be fragile from a hydrological point of view. Sudden and heavy rainfalls, in small hydrographic basins, with a very fast response time are considered unforeseeable events that make natural causes responsible for the flooding phenomenon. In Pigüé town, Saavedra district, located in the western foothills of Curamalal Sierras and the upper course of Curamalal stream, several features similar to the ones described here are identified. In this town, the convergence of natural and anthropogenic components enhances flooding conditions thus generating recurrent floods. The heavy rain behavior of the basin under study and the repetitiveness of floods, at least seven in a hundred years, have been known since the foundation of Pigüé and this leads to think about the high likelihood of the phenomenon in the future. Therefore, it is in times of apparent normality, -long,dry periods such as the current one- when the hydric risk should be studied since it is the right time, when the pressure of an imminent event is relatively far away. A deep knowledge of the physical and social vulnerability of the phenomenon of recurrent floods in the area under study shall undoubtedly contribute to improve the process of flooding problem management. The concept of hydrologic risk should be an essential variable in the new land use planning for the benefit of those who live in Pigüé stream high basin. In addition, in this study, the combination between methodologies from the physicalist sciences and those proposed by the Social Theory of Risk, in which variables such as danger, vulnerability, exposition and uncertainty are essential dimensions to interpret the phenomenons complexity in an integral way, is selected in order to deal with the problem that constitutes the object of the analysis.