Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2008. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

<p>The examination of the adequate nature conservation methods in a natural reserve, to conserve a specific species and / or increase biological diversity is the subject of this study. This work is based on four species, that can be found during the Spring season, liverleaf, wood anemone, brimstone and woodpecker. The incidence and availability is studied and closely observed for these species in twenty forests, i.e. ten forests which are nature reserves and ten forests with the similar characteristics as the nature reserves habitat, but are not nature reserves in Gnesta mucipality, Södermanland. Measurements of the tree crown and the diameter of the tree trunks where noted to study how these factors could affect the outcome of the abundance and incidence of the four species. The brimstones lay their eggs on the leaf buds on the tree trunk. This is precisely the reason why inventories have been made for the tree trunks in the nature reserves and non protected forests. The abundance and coverage of the liverleaves and wood anemone was chosen to study in random by taking 25x25m in every forests. These squares where divided even further to ten squares with the size of 0.5x0.5m. The frequency of both the species are counted and noted in the smaller squares. The brimstones and woodpeckers are inspected by measurement assessments. Two lines of 100m were laid out, to listen to the drumming and various sounds gives of by the woodpeckers and flying adult brimstones, with a stopover of 15m in 5mins. The statistical results illustrate no significant differences in the incidence and the abundance between the liverleaves and wood anemone, whether it is in the nature reserve forests or non protected forests. But the standard deviation differed between the forests (nature reserve and non protected forests) on the incidences (nature reserve SD = 7.43, non protected forest SD = 0.31) and the abundance (nature reserve SD = 4.01, non protected forest SD = 0.51) of the liverleaves. The coverage of the tree crowns and the trunk diameter did not have any significant influence on the outcome of the abundance and the incidence of the liverleaves. The effect of the tree crown was close to non when it came to the wood anemone, but the diameter of the tree trunks affected the incidence level (DF1,7, P<0.05, F=6.4791, P<0.05, ANOVA), but not the abundance. A significantly higher value was observed among the woodpeckers in the nature reserve (b=3.584, P<0.05, logistics regression), but not among the brimstones in either the nature reserves or the forests and non protected reserves.The observation study shows that the natural reserves have greater incidences of woodpeckers and with a standard deviation of the liverleaves abundance and occurrences between nature reserve forests and non protected forests, but only with a few nature reserves having more liverleaves than other reserves. The significant difference are very marginal when it comes to liverleaves and to obtain any positive effects of the nature reserve, a large scale study needs to be conducted in far more reserve forests.</p>

The examination of the adequate nature conservation methods in a natural reserve, to conserve a specific species and / or increase biological diversity is the subject of this study. This work is based on four species, that can be found during the Spring season, liverleaf, wood anemone, brimstone and woodpecker. The incidence and availability is studied and closely observed for these species in twenty forests, i.e. ten forests which are nature reserves and ten forests with the similar characteristics as the nature reserves habitat, but are not nature reserves in Gnesta mucipality, Södermanland. Measurements of the tree crown and the diameter of the tree trunks where noted to study how these factors could affect the outcome of the abundance and incidence of the four species. The brimstones lay their eggs on the leaf buds on the tree trunk. This is precisely the reason why inventories have been made for the tree trunks in the nature reserves and non protected forests. The abundance and coverage of the liverleaves and wood anemone was chosen to study in random by taking 25x25m in every forests. These squares where divided even further to ten squares with the size of 0.5x0.5m. The frequency of both the species are counted and noted in the smaller squares. The brimstones and woodpeckers are inspected by measurement assessments. Two lines of 100m were laid out, to listen to the drumming and various sounds gives of by the woodpeckers and flying adult brimstones, with a stopover of 15m in 5mins. The statistical results illustrate no significant differences in the incidence and the abundance between the liverleaves and wood anemone, whether it is in the nature reserve forests or non protected forests. But the standard deviation differed between the forests (nature reserve and non protected forests) on the incidences (nature reserve SD = 7.43, non protected forest SD = 0.31) and the abundance (nature reserve SD = 4.01, non protected forest SD = 0.51) of the liverleaves. The coverage of the tree crowns and the trunk diameter did not have any significant influence on the outcome of the abundance and the incidence of the liverleaves. The effect of the tree crown was close to non when it came to the wood anemone, but the diameter of the tree trunks affected the incidence level (DF1,7, P&lt;0.05, F=6.4791, P&lt;0.05, ANOVA), but not the abundance. A significantly higher value was observed among the woodpeckers in the nature reserve (b=3.584, P&lt;0.05, logistics regression), but not among the brimstones in either the nature reserves or the forests and non protected reserves.The observation study shows that the natural reserves have greater incidences of woodpeckers and with a standard deviation of the liverleaves abundance and occurrences between nature reserve forests and non protected forests, but only with a few nature reserves having more liverleaves than other reserves. The significant difference are very marginal when it comes to liverleaves and to obtain any positive effects of the nature reserve, a large scale study needs to be conducted in far more reserve forests.

Denna studie syftar till att bidra till det omfattande arbete som pågår med att rädda hotade arter världen över. I Sverige sker det framförallt genom arbetet med åtgärdsprogram för hotade arter och tillämpande av dessa ute i landets län. I den här studien ställer jag frågan hur man landskapsekologiskt kan planera för att bevara och främja hotade arter i ett aktuellt fall för Haftahedarna i västra Dalarna. För att besvara denna fråga användes tre av områdets hotade arter: mosippa(Pulsatilla vernalis), bombmurkla(Sarcosoma globosum) och silversandbi(Andrena argentata) som paraplyarter. Dessutom gjordes en naturtypsindelning för hela området och de olika arternas åtgärdsprogram studerades. Huvudresultatet för studien är att det, för de tre paraplyarterna, utpekats områden för åtgärder samt förslag på vilka åtgärder som är lämpliga. För mosippan föreslås ett antal naturvårdsbränningar för att skapa nya habitat samt en utveckling av skötseln av de habitat där mosippan redan finns. I arbetet med bombmurklan som ganska nyligen hittades i Haftahedarna är den primära åtgärden att inventera omkringliggande områden för att veta i vilken omfattning den förekommer. Förslag ges på vilka områden en sådan inventering bör inrikta sig på. För silversandbiet pekas lokaler ut som är lämpliga för åtgärder. Den åtgärd som i första hand föreslås är skrapning av mindre ytor på södervända sanddyner. Slutligen diskuteras i viken utsträckning åtgärderna kan gynna de andra paraplyarterna samt andra hotade arter i området. / The challenge to save species from extinction has resulted in a large work all over the world. In Sweden this is primarily made by creating and running programs for threatened species(Action plans, ÅGP). This study can be seen as a small part of this work. The question in this study is: how can threatened species be conserved and supported in an action plan based on landscape ecology theories in the current case Haftahedarna in Dalarna, Sweden? To answer this question three red listed species –Pulsatilla vernalis, Sarcosoma globosum and Andrena argentata-were used as umbrella species for several threatened species in the area. A classification of nature types was made in the process to define which areas best fitted for the suggested operations. When suggesting operations the Action plan(ÅGP) for to each of the umbrella species are mainly used. The result shows recommended areas and operations for each umbrella species. For Pulsatilla vernalis the suggested operations mainly consist of making controlled forest fires to create new habitats and to develop existing habitats. Sarcosoma globosum was recently found in Haftahedarna and its presence in areas next to where it is found is still rather unknown. For this reason the suggested operation is to make an inventory in the marked areas along the river Västerdalälven. For Andrena argentata the suggested operation is to expose sand areas at sand- dunes in south facing aspects. Finally I discuss how the operations for each umbrella species can contribute to each other and how they will support other threatened species.

Lupiner, parkslide och jätteloka är exempel på främmande växter som introducerats i europeiska trädgårdar på grund av att de är vackra och lättskötta. Men de har också något annat gemensamt: de är invasiva, sprider sig aggressivt och är skadliga för vår natur eftersom de tränger ut våra inhemska arter. Även djur kan vara invasiva, och för att stoppa dessa invasiva främmande växter och djurs skador på Europas natur så har EU-länderna beslutat att vidta åtgärder mot vissa arter. Den 1 januari 2015 antog EU en förordning om invasiva främmande arter och hur de ska bekämpas inom unionen. Den 5 februari 2016 lämnade Naturvårdsverket myndighetens förslag till Sveriges regering om nya regler och åtgärder för hur man ska stoppa invasiva skadliga främmande arter. Under sommaren 2016 kommer EU-kommissionen anta en första lista över vilka arter som regleras av förordningen. Då kommer det blir förbjudet att inneha, sälja och sprida de listade arterna. Detta examensarbete omfattar en serie artiklar om invasiva främmande arter (främst växter). Artiklarna handlar om vilka problem trädgårdsodlare har idag med invasiva växter, olika åsikter om invasiva växter och hur trädgårdsodlare och trädgårdsbranschen kan bli berörda av den kommande lagstiftningen. Artikelserien utgör en del av trädgårdstidningen ”Jord &amp; gödsel”,  nummer 1 2016, som författaren producerat i samband med examensarbetet.

Allt fler främmande arter når våra sjöar och vattendrag. Med ökade transporter mellan jordens alla länder har även nya spridningsvägar uppstått för främmande arter att förflyttas, avsiktligt eller oavsiktligt, till nya geografiska områden. Genom bland annat artikel 8 (h) konventionen om biologisk mångfald och artikel 11.22.b Bernkonventionen har vi åtagit oss att reglera introduktion av invasiva främmande arter, vilket omfattar såväl avsiktliga som oavsiktliga introduktioner till naturmiljön. Idag saknas dock ett heltäckande regelverk för att effektivt förhindra introduktioner av invasiva främmande arter. Det övergripande problemet synes främst bestå i svårigheten att reglera oavsiktliga introduktioner. Genom Sveriges anslutning till den internationella barlastkonventionen införs viktiga bestämmelser i nationell rätt till skydd för oavsiktliga introduktioner av främmande arter via barlastvatten. Idag är det dock oklart när konventionen träder ikraft. Syftet med den här uppsatsen har därför varit att utreda hur det rättsliga skyddet mot invasiva främmande arter ser ut och om det rättsliga skyddet mot invasiva främmande arter är tillräckligt för att förhindra förlust av biologisk mångfald i våra sjöar och vattendrag.

No previous studies have been conducted on elementary school in Sweden about children`s thoughts about the first animals on earth. The work takes up the children`s ideas of the first animals and the difference between girls and boys knowledge. The purpose of this work was to determine if student`s views are consistent with the science know today. In the interview, five girls and five boys participated. Mankind is asking where it all began, today we know that the first life arose for 4 billion years ago and it was from the water. Students think it was a small animal which then developed into another animal through a natural process.