The objectives of the study were to determine the incidence of falls, the prevalence of fear of falling and fall risk factors and consequences in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 559 community dwelling adults with RA, aged 18 to 88 years (mean age 62; 69% female) participated in this prospective cohort study. Patients were recruited from four outpatient clinics in the Northwest of England and followed for 1 year after clinical assessment, using monthly falls calendars and telephone calls. Outcome measures included fall occurrence, reason for fall, type and severity of injuries, fractures, fall location, lie-times, use of health services and functional ability. Risk factors for falls included lower limb muscle strength, postural stability, number of swollen and tender joints, functional status, history of falling, fear of falling, pain, fatigue and medication. Data on demographics, vision, co-morbidities, history of surgery, fractures, and joint replacements were also recorded.535 participants followed for one year had a total of 598 falls. 36.4% participants (95% CI 32% to 41%) reported falling with an incidence rate of 1313/1000 person-years at risk or 1.11 falls per person. Over one third of the falls were reportedly caused by hips, knees or ankle joints giving way. Over half of all the falls resulted in moderate injuries, including head injuries (n=27) and fractures (n=26). Univariate logistic regression showed that falls risk was independent of age and gender. A history of falls in the previous one year was a strong medical fall predictor with an odds ratio (OR) for a single fall=3.3 and for multiple falls OR=4.3. Fear of falling was an important self-reported psychological predictor, with the risk increasing by 10% with each point above 7 (up to 28) in the Short FES-I score. The inability to complete the Four Test Balance Scale due to poor balance was a strong postural fall predictor (OR 2.3). The most significant functional predictor of falls was the functional Health Assessment Questionnaire score, and each additional point attained in the score (1-4) nearly doubled the risk of further falls. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that when taken in combination with other factors, a history of multiple falls in the previous one year was the most significant predictive risk factor (OR=5.3) and overall the model accounted for 71% of variation. The most significant modifiable risk factors were swollen and tender lower limb joints (hip, knee and ankle) (OR=1.7), psychotropic medication (OR=1.8) and increasing fatigue (OR=1.13) with this model accounting for 68% of variation. Adults of all ages with RA are at high risk of falls and fall-related injuries, fractures and head injuries. In clinical practice, high risk falls patients with RA can be identified by asking whether patients have fallen in the past year. The management of swollen and tender lower limb joints, fatigue and consideration of psychotropic medicines may be the most effective strategy to reduce falls in this group of patients. Fear of falling, pain, lower limb strength and poor balance are other useful clinical indicators that may be modified to prevent falls.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting an estimated 1% of the global population. Joint protection is one intervention with some quality evidence of efficacy for RA self-management. However, joint protection education is often provided only in urban centres during Arthritis Self-Management Programs (ASMPs) in classroom sessions at designated times. These programs, therefore, may not be available to all who need them. Providing and testing more accessible methods of delivering joint protection education to people living with RA may improve accessibility. Aims: (i) To develop a virtual world (VW) intervention available via the Internet in Second Life®, that aims to improve the knowledge of joint protection among people with RA and (ii) to undertake a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) to assess the feasibility of conducting a subsequent large scale RCT. Methods: First, qualitative interviews with occupational therapists and clients living with RA who had previous experiences teaching or taking arthritis self-management programmes were undertaken and thematically analysed. This analysis informed the design of the VW joint protection education intervention. Second, the intervention was constructed and tested with these same participants. Their feedback helped refine the VW intervention and select assessment tools for the pilot RCT. Third, in a pilot RCT, three primary methods of advertising and invitation were used to recruit subjects: (i) poster invitations with take-home paper copies from clinical settings; (ii) direct messages to Twitter® users living with RA; and (iii) online discussion forums. Participants were recruited after contacting the principal investigator, reading an invitation letter and giving written informed consent. Participants were randomised to intervention or (30-day) waiting list control group, and completed a series of measures. These were completed after 30 days of program access for the treatment group and on enrolment in the study for the control group. Survey completion was online and included piloted knowledge-based questions about joint protection, validated during the second phase of the study with occupational therapists who were experts in joint protection education. A higher score was indicative of better joint protection knowledge. Standardized measures used on the survey included the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale, Short Form, version II (AIMS2SF) and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ). Results: It was possible to develop a VW education program focused on RA and joint protection based on the content identified by participants in the first part of the study and test with the tools selected. The program developed included input from client users, following the theorectical basis of occupational therapy as a client-centred practice. Additionally, the program developed applied principles of adult-learning and the recommendations of existing programs regarding chronic disease management. Recruitment of 50 participants for the pilot RCT was challenging, taking 6 months with low response rates for all three methods. The poorest response rates were to poster and paper invitations in clinical settings. The most effective means of recruitment was via electronic bulletin boards, such as blogs. All subjects, once randomised to the control or intervention group completed the online questionnaire. However, adherence to the intervention was poor; only 15 out of 25 randomised reported using the program. On the other hand, all 15 who used the program indicated that this medium was acceptable to learn about joint protection, despite 5/15 of these subjects reporting some difficulty accessing the program. All participants completed the three questionnaires (knowledge, impact, pain self-efficacy) and these may be useful in a definitive RCT. Although the main purpose of using Intention to Treat Analysis in pilot studies is to practice and check that analysis is feasible, there was a positive statistically significant difference between the treatment (x̄=52.8%) and control (x̄=24%) group scores on a test of joint protection knowledge using an independent samples t-test (F value, 20.8 p < 0.05) comparing joint protection knowledge scores after the treatment group had access to the program for 30 days. A higher score was indicative of better joint protection knowledge. The difference between the two groups was considerable, with the intervention group score mean being more than double that of the control group. Given the magnitude of this difference between groups, a smaller difference between groups would also be worth finding. The difference between groups for the AIMS2SF and PSEQ were not statistically significant using an independent samples t-test (F values, 0.5 and 0.2) but there was some suggestion that the intervention group scored more favourably on some of the subscales more relevant to joint protection on both the AIMS2SF and PSEQ, particularly noteworthy was a higher score pertaining to ability to carry out work on both measures. In a definitive trial a sample size of 1250 participants would give 80% power to find a difference of 28.8% on joint protection knowledge, weighted score of 1.8 on the AIMS2SF and overall score of 1.8 on the PSEQ at 5% level of significance. Smaller samples would be required if the PSEQ was dropped as a measure in a future study. Sample sizes of 14 and 558 would be required for the joint protection knowledge and AIMS2SF respectively at the same level of power and significance. Conclusion: A VW intervention to improve joint protection knowledge has been developed and is worth testing further. The intellectual contribution of the creation of this program using this methodology is that an occupational therapy based study using client input and priniciples of adult learning to create the intervention has been conducted, applying client-centred practice in research, which is, in reality, present in a minority of studies at this time. A full RCT would be feasible, though very challenging, given the numbers of subjects required for recruitment, most likely recruiting via the Internet on relevant RA focus sites, such as RA bloggers, and using the same outcome measures as in this study. A sample size of 1250 could feasibly be recruited in 36 months if a full time study were undertaken with suggestions discussed to assist with future study recruitment. However, given the number of study dropouts at enrolment seen in this study, close to double this number would be needed, entailing a recruitment period of up to 72 months, or 6 years, making a full RCT less practical. A future study may need to consider either a longer enrolment period, different outcome measures as well as address the limitations of this study, including the limited time of enrolment in this pilot RCT. However, longer enrolment duration would increase the amount of time required for a future full RCT, reducing the feasibility of a future study. Findings from this study indicate that the program developed would likely to be useful to people who are not able to access the urban centred classroom based program. On the other hand, those participants who used the program incurred no costs, appeared to have no risks or detrimental impact with possible improvement in knowledge and self-efficacy. Now the intervention has been developed, refinement, maintenance, and use is low cost for service providers, so it could be used routinely now for those who prefer it to ASMPs with an ongoing preference trial.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-31 / Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade e segurança do treinamento proprioceptivo na melhora da capacidade funcional em pacientes com artrite reumatóide. Métodos: Revisão Sistemática utilizando a metodologia da Colaboração Cochrane. Estratégia de busca: As bases pesquisadas foram: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 4), MEDLINE (1966 to 2008) via PubMed, EMBASE (1980 to 2008), LILACS (1982 to 2008), CINAHL (1982 to 2008), PEDro e Scirus. Também realizamos busca manual em anais de congressos, listas de referências de artigos publicados e contatos com especialistas. Não houve restrição de idioma. Critérios de Seleção: ensaios clínicos randomizados ou ensaios clínicos controlados comparando o treinamento proprioceptivo com alguma outra intervenção ou com nenhuma intervenção, em pacientes com artrite reumatóide, de acordo com os critérios do Colégio Americano de Reumatologia (ACR).de 1987 Coleta de dados e análise: Dois revisores independentemente avaliaram títulos e/ou resumos para critérios de inclusão e para risco de viés. Resultados: A pesquisa eletrônica identificou 864 estudos. Para esta busca, 17 estudos descreveram exercícios gerais em pacientes com artrite reumatóide como o principal tópico. Após analisá-los, observamos que o principal desfecho foi a melhora na força muscular, resistência, e exercícios dinâmicos (natação, caminhada, etc). Portanto nós não encontramos nenhum estudo investigando os efeitos do treinamento proprioceptivo isolado em pacientes com artrite reumatóide, não foi possível incluir nenhum dado em relação ao tópico escolhido em nossa revisão sistemática. Conclusão: Não houve nenhum estudo disponível avaliando a eficácia do treinamento proprioceptivo em pacientes com artrite reumatóide. A efetividade e segurança do treinamento proprioceptivo em melhorar a capacidade funcional destes pacientes permanece desconhecido. / Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of balance training (proprioceptive training) to improve functional capacity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Systematic review with Cochrane methodology. Search strategy: Databases Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 4), MEDLINE (1966 to 2008) via PubMed, EMBASE (1980 to 2008), LILACS (1982 to 2008), CINAHL (1982 to 2008), PEDro e Scirus. We also carried out a handsearching and contact professional associates of the eligible studies when necessary. There was no language restriction. Selection criteria: All eligible randomised controlled trials or controlled clinical trials comparing balance training (proprioceptive training) with any other intervention or with no intervention, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of according to the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. Data collection e analysis: Two reviewers independently assessed titles and/or abstracts for inclusion criteria and for risk of bias. Results: The electronic search identified 864 studies. From this search, 17 studies described general exercises in rheumatoid arthritis patients as the main topic. After analysing them, we observed that the main outcomes were improvement in muscle strength, endurance, and dynamic exercises (swimming, walking, etc). As we did not find any studies investigating the effects of proprioceptive training alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, it was not possible to include any data regarding the chosen topic in our systematic review. Conclusion: There is no research available examining the efficacy of balance training in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The effectiveness and safety of balance training to improve functional capacity of these patients remains unclear, however, it is suggested that future research should give more importance to the balance training by either increasing the number and duration of sessions or investigating its efficacy alone. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

abstract: ABSTRACT Despite significant advancements in drug therapy, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death in the United States. Given this, research has begun to seek out alternative approaches to reduce CVD risk. One of these alternative approaches is Vitamin D supplementation. Current research has shown a link between Vitamin D status and CVD risk in both healthy and diseased populations. Among the possible mechanisms is a positive effect of Vitamin D on vascular endothelial function, which can be measured with noninvasive techniques such as flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of conduit vessels using high-resolution ultrasound. This dissertation is comprised of two studies. The first examines whether Vitamin D supplementation can improve FMD in older adults within a time period (two weeks) associated with peak increases in plasma Vitamin D concentrations after a single-dose supplementation. The second examines the effect of Vitamin D supplementation in people with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The reason for looking at an RA population is that CVD is the leading cause of early mortality in people with RA. In the first study 29 Post-Menopausal Women received either 100,000 IU of Vitamin D3 or a Placebo. Their FMD was measured at baseline and 2 weeks after supplementation. After 2 weeks there was a significant increase in FMD in the Vitamin D group (6.19 + 4.87 % to 10.69 + 5.18 %) as compared to the Placebo group (p=.03). In the second study, 11 older adults with RA were given 100,000 IU of Vitamin D or a Placebo. At baseline and one month later their FMD was examined as well as plasma concentrations of Vitamin D and tumor necrosis factor-alpha; (TNF-alpha;). They also filled out a Quality of Life Questionnaire and underwent a submaximal exercise test on the treadmill for estimation of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). There was no significant change in FMD in Vitamin D group as compared to the Placebo group (p=.721). Additionally, there was no significant improvement in either plasma Vitamin D or TNF-alpha; in the Vitamin D group. There was however a significant improvement in predicted VO2max from the submaximal exercise test in the group receiving Vitamin D (p=.003). The results of these studies suggest that a single 100,000 IU dose of Vitamin D can enhance FMD within two week in older adults, but that a similar dose may not be sufficient to increase FMD or plasma Vitamin D levels in older adults with RA. A more aggressive supplementation regimen may be required in this patient population. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Exercise and Wellness 2012

Introdução: A Artrite Idiopática Juvenil (AIJ) inicia-se principalmente no intervalo etário de oito a catorze anos, podendo estar associada a déficit de crescimento e atraso puberal. O estadiamento de Tanner e a avaliação ultrassonográfica da pelve podem detectar atrasos no desenvolvimento puberal. Objetivos: Comparar a maturação sexual das meninas com AIJ a controles saudáveis, por meio da avaliação clínica dos estágios de Tanner e dos parâmetros da ultrassonografia (US) pélvica e relacionar esses achados aos níveis de hormônios sexuais e fatores relacionados à doença. Comparar, também, os dados antropométricos e a idade da menarca entre os dois grupos e relacioná-los a fatores de risco ligados à AIJ. Delineamento: Estudo transversal com grupo controle Metodologia: O estudo foi realizado com 44 meninas com AIJ e 59 controles com idades entre seis e dezoito anos incompletos, sem uso de glicocorticoides há no mínimo seis meses e sem outras doenças crônicas concomitantes. O diagnóstico de AIJ foi realizado de acordo com critérios da Liga Internacional das Associações de Reumatologia (ILAR). Foi realizada avaliação antropométrica, e a maturação sexual foi avaliada por meio dos estádios de Tanner. A US pélvica abdominal foi utilizada para avaliar as medidas do útero dos ovários e o índice de pulsatilidade das artérias uterinas (IP). Foram medidos níveis hormonais de FSH, LH, estrógeno, progesterona e IGF-1 nas meninas com AIJ. Resultados: Os parâmetros da US pélvica foram correlacionados aos estágios de Tanner no grupo controle (p <0,001). Todas as medidas de útero e ovários foram menores nas meninas com AIJ quando comparadas ao grupo controle. A média do IP das artérias uterinas foi maior nas meninas com AIJ. Estratificando-se por idade, o volume do útero foi menor nas meninas com AIJ na faixa etária de 10-11 anos (p < 0,004) e 14-15 anos (p=0,042), e a relação corpo/cérvice AP foi menor no intervalo de 10-11 anos (p=0,007). Os níveis de LH e estradiol foram fortemente relacionados ao aumento dos órgãos pélvicos (p<0,001) e inversamente com IP médio das artérias uterinas (p<0.01). O escore z do IMC e da estatura foi menor nas meninas com AIJ em relação ao grupo controle (p=0,032 e p=0,041 respectivamente). As meninas com AIJ poliarticular e com maior dose cumulativa de glicocorticoide apresentaram a maior chance de ter baixa estatura. Não houve diferença entre os grupos AIJ e controles com relação à idade da menarca. A altura final e a diferença entre essa altura e a altura-alvo familiar não foi diferente entre as meninas com AIJ e as do grupo controle. Conclusão: Nosso estudo mostrou que, mesmo sem uso de glicocorticoide há mais de seis meses, as crianças com formas mais graves de AIJ e que necessitaram de doses maiores de glicocorticoide estão mais suscetíveis ao retardo no crescimento e atraso no início da puberdade. A US pélvica demonstrou ser um exame sensível para avaliação da maturação sexual de meninas, identificando atrasos nas meninas com AIJ não percebidas por meio da avaliação clínica pelos estágios de Tanner. / Introduction: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) manifests at the 8 to 14-year age span and is often associated with growth deficit and puberty delay. Tanner staging and pelvic ultrasonography (US) can be used to detect pubertal delays. Objectives: To compare sexual maturation in JIA girls and healthy controls (HC) by clinical evaluation with Tanner stages and pelvic US parameters and to correlate these findings with sexual hormone levels and disease related factors. Additionally, to compare anthropometric data and menarche age between groups and to correlate such findings with disease related risk factors in JIA patients. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: 44 JIA and 59 healthy girls, aged six to 18 years, free of steroid use in the last six months and with no concomitant chronic diseases were included the study. JIA was diagnosed after the International League of the Rheumatology Associations (ILAR) criteria. Anthropometric and sexual development evaluations by Tanner staging were performed Pelvic US was performed to measure uterus, endometrial thickness, ovaries and uterine artery pulsatility index. Sexual hormone levels were measured in JIA girls. Results: Pelvic US parameters correlated with Tanner stages in HC (p <0.001). All uterine and ovarian measurements were smaller in JIA girls than in HC. Mean uterine artery PI was greater in JIA girls. Uterine volume was smaller in JIA girls at the 10 to 11 (P=0.004) and 14 to 15 year (p=0.042) age strata and the anteroposterior body cervix ratio was smaller in JIA girls the 10 to 11 year stratum (p=0.007). LH and estradiol levels were strongly correlated with pelvic organ size. (P<0.001) and inversely correlated with mean uterine artery PI (p<0.01) BMI and height for age z scores were smaller in JIA girls than in HC. Polyarticular JIA girls and those that had received greater steroid doses had the largest chance to have short stature. There was no difference between JIA girls and HC regarding menarche age. Final height and the final height/target height difference was not different between JIA girls and HC. Conclusion: The current study showed that JIA girls from the most severe subtypes and those that had received the largest steroid cumulative doses were more susceptible to growth and puberty delays, even six months after drug withdrawal. Pelvic US was a sensitive tool in detecting sexual development in girls, being able to identify puberty delays, unsuspected by Tanner stage evaluation.

Introdução: Fadiga é uma manifestação clínica importante na artrite reumatoide (AR). Atualmente, a avaliação de fadiga em AR é realizada através de questionários subjetivos, incluindo aspectos emocionais e sociais. No entanto, sabe-se que a fadiga pode estar acentuada no plano periférico e esta abordagem é pouco estudada nestes pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a percepção de fadiga e fadiga muscular em pacientes com artrite reumatoide. Métodos: Trinta e oito pacientes do sexo feminino com AR foram incluídos. Os pacientes foram estratificados por DAS-28 e por três grupos etários (grupo I: 32-48 anos; grupo II: 49-54 anos de idade, e grupo III: 55-65 anos de idade). A fadiga muscular [avaliado por mudanças na magnitude (root mean square-RMS) e freqüência (média de freqüência-MDF) de ativação muscular durante os 60s do teste de força de quadríceps] e percepção de fadiga (FACIT-F) foram avaliadas. Além disso, dados demográficos [duração idade e doença, calculado pelo tempo decorrido a partir de diagnóstico], hemoglobina (g/ dL), DAS-28, HAQ, qualidade de vida (SF-36) e International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, versão longa) foram medidos. A significância foi assumida quando p≤0.05. Resultados: Nenhuma associação foi observada quando os pacientes foram estratificados por DAS-28 e quando os pacientes foram estratificados por idade no grupo III. Moderada correlações estatisticamente significativas entre MDF e FACIT-F e FACIT-TOI (r = 0,6; p = 0,03 e r = 0,5; 0,04, respectivamente) foram encontrados no grupo I. No grupo II foram encontradas moderadas correlações estatisticamente significativas entre FACIT-TOTAL e RMS e MDF (r = 0,6; p = 0,01 e r = -0,5; p = 0,04, respectivamente). Conclusão: Moderada relação entre fadiga muscular e percepção de fadiga sugere que ambas as estratégias de avaliação podem ser complementares e têm um efeito benéfico sobre comorbidades AR. / Introduction: Fatigue is a major clinical manifestation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Actually, the assessment of fatigue in RA is realized through to subjective questionnaires, including emotional and socials aspects. However, known to that fatigue may be sharp in peripheral plane and this approach is little studied in these patients. Objective: To assess the relationship between perception of fatigue and muscle fatigue in patients with RA. Methods: Thirty eight female patients with RA were included. Patients were stratified by DAS-28 and by three age groups (group I: 32-48 years old; group II: 49-54 years old; group III: 55-65 years old). Muscle fatigue [assessed by changes in magnitude (i.e. root mean square-RMS) and frequency (i.e. median frequency-MDF) of muscle activation during a 60-s quadriceps strength test] and perception of fatigue (FACIT-F) were assessed. In addition, demographic data [age and disease duration, calculated by elapsed time from diagnostic], hemoglobin (Hb-g/dL), DAS-28, HAQ, quality of life (SF-36) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, long version) were measured. Significance was assumed when p≤0.05. Results: No association was observed when patients were stratified by DAS-28 and when patients were stratified by age in group III. Moderate statistically significant correlations between MDF and FACIT-F e FACIT-TOI (r=0.6;p=0.03 and r=0.5;0.04, respectively) were found in group I. In group II moderate statistically significant correlations were found between FACIT-TOTAL and RMS and MDF (r=0.6;p=0.01 and r=-0.5;p=0.04, respectively). Conclusion: Moderate relationship between muscle fatigue and perception of fatigue suggests that both evaluation strategies can be complementary and have a beneficial effect on RA comorbidities.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:05:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 capela_rc_dr_botfm.pdf: 824717 bytes, checksum: 146fb80f5dd8e57bfc17b7ae3936f9f3 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A atividade da artrite pode ser avaliada por diferentes instrumentos. Na Artrite Reumatóide (AR) o Disease Activity Score (DAS 28) e na Artrite Idiopática Juvenil (AIJ) o Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS) são utilizados na prática. Explorar a equivalência de medidas contínuas de atividade, o DAS 28 e as 3 versões do JADAS, pontuando 71, 27 e 10 articulações, em portadores de AIJ. Análise secundária de um ensaio clinico, testando o abatacepte em AIJ poliarticular, foi conduzida em 8 sujeitos durante 178 visitas, registrando-se a contagem articular, avaliação global pelo médico em escala analógica visual 0-10 (VAS-MD), avaliação global pelos pacientes/pais (VAS- P) e velocidade de hemossedimentação (VHS) normatizada para escala de 0-100. A comparação longitudinal foi por ANOVA ou modelo ajustado Gama. As observações pareadas entre o DAS 28 e JADAS 71, 27 e 10, respectivamente, foram analisadas por regressão linear após conversão logarítmica (ln). Medidas secundárias de desfecho da artrite como a capacidade funcional por meio do questionário “Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire” (CHAQ), qualidade do sono por meio do Questionário de Hábitos do sono, limitação de atividades, peso, altura e adequação pondero-estatural foram avaliados de forma descritiva durante todas as visitas. As observações longitudinais das medidas primárias e secundárias de desfecho da artrite apresentaram diferença estatística entre a primeira e a segunda visita comparada as demais num total de 30 visitas e período de observação até 5 anos. As observações longitudinais indicaram diferença significante nos parâmetros DAS 28, JADAS 71, 27 e 10, VAS-MD, VAS-P entre as primeiras duas visitas do estudo original quando 5 atingiram a resposta ACR-Pedi 30 com melhora. A regressão linear para ajustamento do DAS 28 e JADAS resultou em fórmulas para conversão: DAS 28=1.263 x l.285 x In... / Arthritis activity may be assessed by different tools. For Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Disease Activity Score (DAS 28) and for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS), are both used in practice. Explore equivalence of continuous measures of disease activity comparing DAS 28 and each of the 3 versions of JADAS based on 10-, 27- and 71- joint count, in patients with JIA. A secondary analysis of a randomized trial testing abatacept in polyarticular JIA was conducted. 178 assessments in 8 subjects were performed including standardized joint count, physician global assessment by Visual Analog Scale 0-10 (VAS-MD), global assessment by patients/parents (VAS-P) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) normalized to 0-100 scale. Comparison by visit was done by ANOVA or gamma adjustment model. Paired observations of DAS 28 and JADAS 71-, 27- and 10-, respectively, were analysed by linear regression after logarithmic scale conversion (ln). Secondary outcome measures as functional capacity by CHAQ tool (Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire), Sleep Habits Questionnaire, activity limitations, weight, length according to normative values were assessed by descriptive measures along all study visits. Longitudinal comparison of primary and secondary outcome measures resulted in significant difference among the first and second visits compared to the others making 30 visits until 5 years of long-term follow up. Longitudinal comparison by visit indicated significant difference in the first two visits of the original trial for the following parameters DAS 28, JADAS 71-, 27- and 10-, VAS-MD, VAS-P, when 5 subject reached ACR-Pedi 30 improvement response. Linear regression for adjustment between DAS 28 and each JADAS version resulted in transforming formulae: DAS 28=1.263 x ln (JADAS 71) - 1.267 (r2=0.81); DAS 28= 1.288 x ln (JADAS 27) – 1.297 (r2=0.80) e DAS 28= 1.285 x In ...

abstract: Yersinia enterocolitica is a major foodborne pathogen found worldwide that causes approximately 87,000 human cases and approximately 1,100 hospitalizations per year in the United States. Y. enterocolitica is a very unique pathogen with the domesticated pig acting as the main animal reservoir for pathogenic bio/serotypes, and as the primary source of human infection. Similar to other gastrointestinal infections, Yersinia enterocolitica is known to trigger autoimmune responses in humans. The most frequent complication associated with Y. enterocolitica is reactive arthritis - an aseptic, asymmetrical inflammation in the peripheral and axial joints, most frequently occurring as an autoimmune response in patients with the HLA-B27 histocompatability antigen. As a foodborne illness it may prove to be a reasonable explanation for some of the cases of arthritis observed in past populations that are considered to be of unknown etiology. The goal of this dissertation project was to study the relationship between the foodborne illness -Y. enterocolitica, and the incidence of arthritis in individuals with and without contact with the domesticated pig. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2015

背景:類风湿性失节炎可归属于中医的“历节、“痹证的范畴，目前还缺乏明確的病因和发病机制，因此尚无有效的治疗方法，对该疾病的研究一直是个医學難題, 中医在RA的治疗方面积累了丰富的经验。中医因其经济实用、毒副作用少、普及性高的优势在这方面的临床治疗中具有一定优势。 目的: 总结相关证型对应用方的规律，以填补方证对应统一的空缺；自拟方作为臨床治疗类风湿性关节炎之基础方；选出各个随证加减之首选单味药。以期提高中醫药方药理论，其简明实用性便于临床掌握运用，确保治疗方便安全有效。 方法: 本文以“类风湿性失节炎、“中医为检索关键词’在维普期刊资源整合服务平台网帖，选取近15年中国医学期刊治疗类风湿关节炎的文章’对文章中出現的各个证型与之对应的主方进行统计；对文章里的复方中出现的高频单味药統計； 并对文章中各医家在临证随证加减用药的总结，兼证与对应的单味药使用頻次进行统计。 結果: 类风湿关节炎5个证型分别为湿热蕴结型、风寒湿痹型、肝肾亏虚型、痰提起痹阻型和阳虚寒湿型，它们分别对应的治疗主方为自虎加桂枝汤、揭痹汤、独活寄生汤、血府逐寐汤和乌头汤。根据单位高频药统计结果’自拟出方药由黄、當归、川芎、白芍、桂枝、细辛、独活、防风、牛膝、甘草、鸡血藤组成。临床中若见口渴、发热、局部红肿热痛等热症，选加石膏、知母、黄柏；见恶风、恶寒重、喜温等寒症，选力日川乌、熟附子、细辛；见湿邪重、因重戚强者，选加薏苡仁、苍术、土夜苓；见关节屈伸不利、强直畸形者，选加跟自公、乌梢蛇、全揭；病位在上肢者，选加姜黄、桑枝；病位在下肢者，选加牛膝、木瓜；腰背痛甚者’選加桑寄生、川断、杜仲；肩颈痛甚者’选加葛根、羌活、白芷。

Orientador: Claudia Saad Magalhães / Banca: Silvana Brasília Sacchetti / Banca: José Eduardo Corrente / Resumo: Objetivo: Caracterizar a atividade inflamatória articular e sistêmica na Artrite Idiopática Juvenil (AIJ), determinando o estado de remissão com e sem uso de medicação. Métodos: Cento e sessenta e cinco casos de AIJ classificados segundo os critérios de 2004 da Liga Internacional de Associações de Reumatologia (ILAR), acompanhados no serviço de Reumatologia Pediátrica FMB-UNESP, entre 1986 e 2005 com uma média de seguimento de 3,6 anos, foram revisados para caracterização de episódios de inatividade, remissão clínica com e sem uso de medicação, selecionando-se aqueles com acompanhamento mínimo de 1 ano. Foram analisados os descritores dos subtipos de AIJ. A freqüência de inatividade e remissão, para a comparação entre os subtipos de artrite e dos grupos que atingiram ou não remissão foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, análise de sobrevida por curvas de Kaplan-Meier, comparação das curvas por teste Log Rank e a análise de regressão logística para identificação de fatores preditivos para a remissão ou persistência de atividade. Resultados: Cento e oito casos preencheram os critérios de inclusão, sendo 58,3% oligoarticular persistente, 8,3% oligoarticular estendido, 1,8% poliarticular fator reumatóide positivo (FR+), 10,2% poliarticular reumatóide negativo (FR-), 12% sistêmico, 0,9% artrite psoriásica, 4,6% artrite relacionada a entesite, e 3,7% artrite indiferenciada. Dez por cento apresentavam anticorpos antinucleares (AAN) e 7,4% apresentavam uveíte. Cinqüenta e sete pacientes apresentaram um total de 71 episódios de inatividade durante o acompanhamento, com 2,9 anos em média para cada episódio. Trinta e seis episódios (50,7%) de inatividade resultaram em remissão clínica sem medicação (RC), sendo 35% para oligoarticular persistente. A probabilidade de remissão clínica em uso de medicação em 3 anos foi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Objective: To estimate the clinical remission on medication and off medication rates in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) by determining the articular and systemic inflammatory activity. Methods: One hundred and sixty five cases of JIA, classified according to the 2004 International League of Associations for Rheumatology criteria, attending the Rheumatology Unit FMB-UNESP from 1986 to 2005, with median follow up 3,6 years, were reviewed for recording inactive disease, clinical remission on medication and clinical remission off medication. Cases with at least one year of regular follow up were selected. All JIA subtypes descriptors were evaluated. Inactivity and remission rates were compared by survival analyses with Kaplan-Meier curves and Log Rank test. Remission predictors and risk factors for persistent activity were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results: One hundred and eight cases met the inclusion criteria, being 58,3% persistent oligoarticular, 8,3% extended oligoarticular, 1,8% polyarticular rheumatoid factor positive (RF+), 10,2% polyarticular rheumatoid factor negative (RF-), 12% systemic, 0,9% psoriatic arthritis, 4,6% enthesitis related arthritis and 3,7% undifferentiated arthritis. Ten percent had antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and 7,4% had uveitis. Fifty-seven patients experienced a total of 71 episodes of inactive disease (ID), during the entire follow-up, with a median episode duration of 2,9 years. The patients attained inactive disease from one to four times. Thirty-six episodes (50,7%) of ID resulted in clinical remission (CR) off medication, being 35% for persistent oligoarticular. The probability of clinical remission on medication (CRM) within 3 years, was 63%, 83% and 60%, respectively for persistent oligoarticular, polyarticular and systemic arthritis cases. The probability of clinical remission... (Complete abstract click eletronic address below) / Mestre