Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-11-09T12:49:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Ricardo Bertoldi de Oliveira_.pdf: 1661331 bytes, checksum: f12138d995d58da8ed2a061c78f62d58 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T12:49:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Ricardo Bertoldi de Oliveira_.pdf: 1661331 bytes, checksum: f12138d995d58da8ed2a061c78f62d58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-19 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A simulação de figuras articuladas em computação gráfica que representam animais, pessoas ou robôs, normalmente, são compostas por uma cadeia de segmentos rígidos conectados por juntas dispostas de maneira hierárquica. Quando estas figuras possuem muitos segmentos, e precisam ser animadas por cinemática inversa, sua configuração de movimento pode apresentar múltiplas soluções ou soluções não-lineares além de singularidades de movimento. Este trabalho propõe uma nova topologia de juntas de hierarquia variável , generalista o suficiente para se aplicar a qualquer modelo articulado. Além disto, propõe um algoritmo de cinemática inversa que supra a não-linearidade dos modelos propostos até o momento. Um modelo como este, formaliza a animação de figuras articuladas que não precisam ter uma hierarquia de juntas rígida ou que possuam muitas juntas e segmentos. Para validação do modelo foi usada a Distância de Hausdorff para cálculo da similaridade do end-effector e um conjunto de pontos ideais com uma precisão 91.23%. O movimento foi suavizado em comparação a outros modelos por meio da minimização de 8,7% nos ângulos nas juntas. / The simulation of articulated figures in computer graphics that represents animals, people or robots is usually composed of a chain of rigid segments connected by joints arranged in a hierarchical way. When these figures have many segments and need to be animated by inverse kinematics, their motion configuration may present multiple solutions or nonlinear solutions and motion singularities. This work proposes a new topology of joints of a variable hierarchy, general enough to apply to any articulated model. In addition, it proposes an inverse kinematics algorithm to supply the non linearity of the models already proposed A model like this generalizes the animation of articulated figures because it do not need to have a rigid joints topology and works to figures with many joints and segments. Hausdorff Distance was used to calculate the end-effector similarity with an ideal set of points. The accuracy achieved is 91,23% of similarity. Motion of all joints is smoother when compared to other models by minimizing 8,7% of the angles.

Faculty of Engineering in collaboration with the National Agricultural and Livestock Investigation Institute is developing a low cost platform capable of dealing with challenges imposed by agricultural activities, specifically, fruit transportation inside fields. In this context, the consequent dissertation focuses on the development of a dynamic model of an all terrain articulated autonomous vehicle to be applied in the aforementioned platform. The study includes the kinematic and dynamic analysis of the vehicle. Once those models are deducted, they are put together against the ones obtained for a biarticulated robot arm without ground fixation. To sum up, results will be adapted for computational simulation which was done via Gazebo, an ambience of the robot operating system ROS. Through this simulations it was possible to determine the model validity for the autonomous operating robotic platform. / Facultad de Ingeniería en conjunto con el Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria desarrolla una plataforma móvil de bajo costo capaz de enfrentar los retos impuestos por la actividad agrícola, más específicamente, asistencia en el transporte de fruta. Es en este contexto que el presente trabajo se enfoca en desarrollar un modelo dinámico de un vehículo autónomo articulado todoterreno para ser aplicado en la mencionada plataforma. El estudio comprende el análisis de la cinemática y dinámica del vehículo. Una vez obtenidos los modelos cinemáticos y dinámicos, se compara los mismos con los obtenidos para un brazo biarticulado sin vínculo a tierra. Finalmente se adaptan los resultados para simulación computacional la cual fue realizada utilizando el ambiente Gazebo del sistema operativo robótico ROS. A través de esta simulación se pudo comprobar la validez del modelo desarrollado para la plataforma robótica autónoma en operación.

La présente thèse se propose de réfléchir sur le caractère cinétique de la méthode analogique adopté dans le De motu animalium d’Aristote. En considèrant que l'objet du traité est la cause commune du mouvement et qu'Aristote en adopte une solution du type paradigmatique, d'une manière générale l'automotricité est le thème pendant que le membre articulé est le phore dans le raisonnement analogique du DMA. Nous considérons hypothétiquement que les stratégies plastiques sont le fil conducteur du raisonnement suivi par la recherche de la cause commune de la motricité pour tout mouvement. Notre double objectif général est, d’une part de tirer les acquis philosophiques sur le caractère immanent du principe du mouvement de la recherche menée dans le DMA et, d’autre part de percevoir le caractère cinétique et plastique de sa démarche, qui comporte des procédés méthodologiques dynamiques dans le but de s’adapter à l’objet. Ce que nous faisons en deux pas : premièrement par l’analyse des étapes de l’établissement du paradigme du membre articulé ; et en suite par l’analyse de l’analogie entre le membre articulé et l’automotricité animée. Les deux analyses visent saisir des éléments pour confronter les deux termes de l'analogie et vérifier la validité de toute la thèse et de la considération selon laquelle, la méthode analogique est un l'instrument plastique de la pensée de l'immanence. / This thesis proposes to reflect on the kinetic character of the analogical method adopted in De Motu Animalium of Aristotle. Considering that the object of the treatise is the common cause of the movement of animais, in general, automotricity is the "thème" while the articulated member is the ''phore" in De Motu's analogical reasoning. Hypothetically we consider that the plastic strategies of the analogical method of De motu are the guiding thread of the reasoning undertaken in the research on the common cause of the motility of ail animal movements. Our general double aim is: on the one hand, to take philosophical acquisitions on the immanent character of the principle of movement, and on the other hand, to grasp the kinetic and plastic character of this philosophical enterprise, which involves dynamic methodological procedures in view of the adaptation of the method to the object. We seek to achieve these objectives through two analyses: first, the analysis of the stages of the establishment of the articulated member paradigm (AMP), and then the analysis of the main analogy of the treatise, between the articulated limb and the animated automotricity. Through the two analyses we must gather the necessary elements to confront the two tenns of the main analogy, as well as to verify the general validity of the thesis and also the consideration according to which the analogical method of De Motu Animalium is a plastic instrument of the thought of immanence.

Visual analysis of human motion is one of the active research areas in computer vision. The trend shifts from computing motion fields to understanding actions. In this thesis, an action coding scheme based on trajectories of the features calculated with respect to a part based coordinate system is presented. The part based coordinate system is formed using an axis based representation. The features are extracted from images segmented in the form of silhouettes. We present some preliminary experiments that demonstrate the potential of the method in action similarity analysis.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study was developed in the Special Education research line of Graduate Education Program, Federal University of Santa Maria. The dissertation presents a proposition of the articulated teaching between special education teachers and regular class, from the inclusion of pupils with special educational needs in these spaces. The articulated teaching is proposed as an adaptation to co-teaching. The co-teacging provides for the joint work of teachers cited, in the lesson planning, development and evaluation of its activities in the classroom. The articulated teaching is geared to happen in the final years of elementary school and high school and its to development not always happen together among teachers in the classroom, but when they deem necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate and to analyze the limits and possibilities of the Special Education combined with High School and Technology School through articulated teaching. The study was developed with seven teachers of a student with mental disabilities in the high school integrated with Technical Education, at the Federal Institute Farroupilha - Câmpus São Borja. The research was based on a qualitative analysis of the researcher's field diary and based on a questionary that the include teachers answered. To interpret the data we used Content Analysis. Two categories of analysis were established. The first, called the Special Education in the Perspective of Inclusive Education, presents the teachers knowledge about the special education and the guidance of its current politics. This category also presents the emotions and feelings of teachers in this reality. These emotions and feelings whose are mostly angst. It was realized the need for greater investment in teachers and in their working conditions. The second category is called articulated teaching. It shows the teachers' perceptions about this methodology, and as the viability and inviability of his achievement in the educational context that we have today. All teachers mentioned that the articulated teaching is important, however, they cited a few factors that hinder their achievement, such as the low number of special education teachers and regular class, and little time to accomplish this articulate work. Thus, what we can see today in the educational context is the widespread idea of inclusive education, with no guarantee that investment conditions so that we can provide teaching-learning students. It was also observed that the articulated teaching have several obstacles to overcome for happen. However, it is believed in its potential to mobilize learning, especially for pupils with special educational needs. / Esse estudo foi desenvolvido na linha de pesquisa em Educação Especial do curso de Mestrado em Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. A dissertação apresenta a proposição do trabalho docente articulado entre professores de educação especial e de classe comum nas classes regulares, a partir da inserção de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais (NEE) nesses espaços. O trabalho docente articulado é proposto como uma adaptação ao ensino colaborativo, que prevê o trabalho conjunto dos professores citados no planejamento da aula, no desenvolvimento desta e na avaliação das atividades de sala de aula. Com o trabalho docente articulado, pensado para os anos finais os ensino fundamental e para o ensino médio, o desenvolvimento da aula não precisa acontecer sempre em conjunto entre os professores, mas sim quando estes pensarem necessário. O Objetivo deste estudo foi verificar e analisar quais os limites e possibilidades da Educação Especial articulada ao Ensino Médio e Tecnológico. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa com sete professores de um aluno com deficiência mental, incluído no Ensino Médio integrado ao Ensino Técnico, no Instituto Federal Farroupilha Câmpus São Borja. A pesquisa foi pautada em uma análise qualitativa do diário de campo da pesquisadora e de um questionário que o professores do aluno incluído responderam. Para interpretação dos dados utilizou-se da Análise de Conteúdo, se estabelecendo duas categorias de análise. Na primeira, denominada Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva, apresenta-se o saber/fazer dos professores frente a educação especial e as orientações de sua atual política e também as emoções e os sentimentos dos docentes nessa realidade, que se traduziram, pela angústia, tanto daqueles docentes satisfeitos quanto dos que estavam insatisfeitos com o desenvolvimento do aluno com NEE. Percebeu- se a necessidade de maior investimento em e nos professores, tanto na sua formação quanto nas condições de trabalho. A segunda categoria chama-se Trabalho Docente Articulado. Nela apresentam-se as percepções dos professores acerca desta metodologia de trabalho, bem como as viabilidades e inviabilidades de sua realização no contexto educacional que temos hoje. Todos os professores mencionaram perceber o trabalho docente articulado como importante, porém, poucos citaram fatores que dificultam sua realização, como por exemplo, o baixo número de professores de educação especial e de classe comum, e o pouco tempo para realização deste trabalho. Deste modo, o que se percebe hoje no contexto educacional é a massificação da ideia de inclusão educacional escolar, sem haver investimentos que garantam condições para que se possa proporcionar ensino-aprendizagem aos estudantes. Observou-se ainda que o trabalho docente articulado terá vários obstáculos a superar para que possa vir a acontecer, mas se acredita no seu potencial para mobilizar a aprendizagem, principalmente dos alunos com NEE, frente à proposta de educação especial na perspectiva da educação inclusiva.

Faculty of Engineering in collaboration with the National Agricultural and Livestock Investigation Institute is developing a low cost platform capable of dealing with challenges imposed by agricultural activities, specifically, fruit transportation inside fields. In this context, the consequent dissertation focuses on the development of a dynamic model of an all terrain articulated autonomous vehicle to be applied in the aforementioned platform. The study includes the kinematic and dynamic analysis of the vehicle. Once those models are deducted, they are put together against the ones obtained for a biarticulated robot arm without ground fixation. To sum up, results will be adapted for computational simulation which was done via Gazebo, an ambience of the robot operating system ROS. Through this simulations it was possible to determine the model validity for the autonomous operating robotic platform. / Facultad de Ingeniería en conjunto con el Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria desarrolla una plataforma móvil de bajo costo capaz de enfrentar los retos impuestos por la actividad agrícola, más específicamente, asistencia en el transporte de fruta. Es en este contexto que el presente trabajo se enfoca en desarrollar un modelo dinámico de un vehículo autónomo articulado todoterreno para ser aplicado en la mencionada plataforma. El estudio comprende el análisis de la cinemática y dinámica del vehículo. Una vez obtenidos los modelos cinemáticos y dinámicos, se compara los mismos con los obtenidos para un brazo biarticulado sin vínculo a tierra. Finalmente se adaptan los resultados para simulación computacional la cual fue realizada utilizando el ambiente Gazebo del sistema operativo robótico ROS. A través de esta simulación se pudo comprobar la validez del modelo desarrollado para la plataforma robótica autónoma en operación.

Submitted by Larissa Abram (larissa.abra@gmail.com) on 2018-01-13T20:00:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Larissa 13122017.pdf: 1562752 bytes, checksum: 7630d6456b215c6aa263ebdc8da43039 (MD5) Carta-Comprovante .pdf: 286529 bytes, checksum: 8d83c48ada06675f9dfd2f7fab531055 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-24T13:12:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Larissa 13122017.pdf: 1562752 bytes, checksum: 7630d6456b215c6aa263ebdc8da43039 (MD5) Carta-Comprovante .pdf: 286529 bytes, checksum: 8d83c48ada06675f9dfd2f7fab531055 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-24T13:12:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Larissa 13122017.pdf: 1562752 bytes, checksum: 7630d6456b215c6aa263ebdc8da43039 (MD5) Carta-Comprovante .pdf: 286529 bytes, checksum: 8d83c48ada06675f9dfd2f7fab531055 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T13:15:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Larissa 13122017.pdf: 1562752 bytes, checksum: 7630d6456b215c6aa263ebdc8da43039 (MD5) Carta-Comprovante .pdf: 286529 bytes, checksum: 8d83c48ada06675f9dfd2f7fab531055 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-13 / Não recebi financiamento / This dissertation aims to research one of the educational financing public policies, the Articulated Actions Plan – AAP, which consists in a planning tool for municipal and state education secretariats that, when joining to this plan, the Secretary of Education in charge for it develops, together with directors, coordinators, teachers and members of the community the diagnosis, objectives and actions to the education network within its competence. From the object of study, we aim to understand the perception of the educational managers involved in the elaboration and implementation of the AAP in relation to their participation and autonomy. Our considerations about our analysis subject became possible insofar as we established contact with the municipal education agents involved in the plan, and due to the questions, that surrounded us throughout the process, such as public policies for financing education are they means to democratic practice? What is the participation of the managers in the elaboration and implementation of the AAP? There being clear the positivities resulting from the plan and the old practices maintained by the AAP, we formalized some specific objectives, as to verify, at the municipal level, what has changed, what advances were noticed and what is missing to make this public policy a way of relating, more horizontally with other governmental instances. To answer some of the previously elaborated questions some theoretical concepts that are considered essentials to the composition of this dissertation were listed, such as democratic management, autonomy, educational management and public financing policy. As a methodology, we contemplated for the research performed the analysis of French discourse in the writings of Michel Foucault as the main source to understand what was stated by the municipal managers of education during the recorded interviews, adding to them discussions pertinent to elements pertaining to the management, relations between municipal and federal entities, among others. Regarding to the empirical part, three municipalities of São Paulo were selected to participate in the Continuing Education Course of Municipal Councilors of the Municipal Council of Education offered by the agreement MEC-UFSCar and enabled through the Basic Education Secretariat (BES). The people who were interviewed were selected because of their familiarity with the AAP or those who were present in the elaboration of the plan at the moment of its implementation in the municipality. From the collected interviews, we observed that the discourses concerning the participation and the autonomy of the representatives in the implementation in the RAP did little advance, since it was observed the reinforcement in the position of executors to the detriment of the autonomy and the division of powers, thus making it impossible experiences that could enable subjects to make changes in the perceptions of these concepts. / Esta dissertação tem por objeto de pesquisa uma das políticas públicas de financiamento educacional, o Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR), que consiste em uma ferramenta de planejamento para as secretarias de educação municipal e estaduais que, ao aderirem ao plano, fica a cargo do Secretário da Educação a responsabilidade de elaborar, junto com diretores, coordenadores, professores e membros da comunidade, o diagnóstico, os objetivos e as ações para a rede de ensino de sua competência. A partir do objeto, elencamos como objetivo, compreender a percepção dos gestores educacionais envolvidos na elaboração e implementação do PAR no que tange à participação e à autonomia. As nossas considerações sobre nosso objeto tornaram-se possíveis na medida em que estabelecemos o contato com os agentes municipais de educação envolvidos com o plano e devido aos questionamentos que nos rondaram ao longo de todo o processo, como: as políticas públicas de financiamento da educação são meios para a prática democrática? Qual a participação dos gestores dentro da elaboração e implementação do PAR? Tendo claras as positividades decorrentes do plano e as antigas práticas mantidas pelo PAR, formalizamos alguns objetivos específicos como o de verificar, no âmbito municipal, o que mudou, quais os avanços percebidos e o que falta para tornar essa política pública um meio de relacionar-se mais horizontalmente com demais instâncias governamentais. A partir dos questionamentos previamente elaborados e para respondê-los, foram elencados alguns conceitos teóricos, tidos como essenciais para composição desta dissertação: gestão democrática, autonomia, gestão educacional e política pública de financiamento. Como metodologia, contemplamos para a pesquisa realizada a análise de discurso francesa nos escritos de Michel Foucault como principal fonte para compreender o que foi enunciado pelos gestores municipais de educação durante as entrevistas gravadas, acrescendo a eles discussões pertinentes a elementos pertencentes à gestão, a relações entre entes municipais e federal, dentre outros. No que diz respeito à parte empírica, foram selecionados três municípios paulistas que participaram do Curso de Formação Continuada de Conselheiros Municipais do Conselho Municipal de Educação ofertado pelo convênio MEC-UFSCar e viabilizado por meio da Secretaria de Educação Básica – SEB. Os sujeitos entrevistados foram selecionados devido às suas familiaridades com o PAR ou os que estiveram presentes na elaboração do mesmo no momento de sua implementação no município. A partir das entrevistas coletadas, observamos que os discursos que concernem à participação e à autonomia dos representantes na implementação no PAR pouco avançaram, uma vez que foi observado o reforço na posição de executores em detrimento da autonomia e da divisão de poderes, inviabilizando, desta forma, vivências que poderiam possibilitar aos sujeitos transformações nas percepções desses conceitos.

Faculty of Engineering in collaboration with the National Agricultural and Livestock Investigation Institute is developing a low cost platform capable of dealing with challenges imposed by agricultural activities, specifically, fruit transportation inside fields. In this context, the consequent dissertation focuses on the development of a dynamic model of an all terrain articulated autonomous vehicle to be applied in the aforementioned platform. The study includes the kinematic and dynamic analysis of the vehicle. Once those models are deducted, they are put together against the ones obtained for a biarticulated robot arm without ground fixation. To sum up, results will be adapted for computational simulation which was done via Gazebo, an ambience of the robot operating system ROS. Through this simulations it was possible to determine the model validity for the autonomous operating robotic platform. / Facultad de Ingeniería en conjunto con el Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria desarrolla una plataforma móvil de bajo costo capaz de enfrentar los retos impuestos por la actividad agrícola, más específicamente, asistencia en el transporte de fruta. Es en este contexto que el presente trabajo se enfoca en desarrollar un modelo dinámico de un vehículo autónomo articulado todoterreno para ser aplicado en la mencionada plataforma. El estudio comprende el análisis de la cinemática y dinámica del vehículo. Una vez obtenidos los modelos cinemáticos y dinámicos, se compara los mismos con los obtenidos para un brazo biarticulado sin vínculo a tierra. Finalmente se adaptan los resultados para simulación computacional la cual fue realizada utilizando el ambiente Gazebo del sistema operativo robótico ROS. A través de esta simulación se pudo comprobar la validez del modelo desarrollado para la plataforma robótica autónoma en operación.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2017-09-04T18:41:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Igor Cézar Silva Braga - 2017.pdf: 70087425 bytes, checksum: ae19e7f77dfd72abcaac00b9fa6bfbe1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-15T14:10:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Igor Cézar Silva Braga - 2017.pdf: 70087425 bytes, checksum: ae19e7f77dfd72abcaac00b9fa6bfbe1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-15T14:10:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Igor Cézar Silva Braga - 2017.pdf: 70087425 bytes, checksum: ae19e7f77dfd72abcaac00b9fa6bfbe1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Arches are structural elements of curvilinear form transmitting normal efforts of simple compression and with wide applicability in civil engineering, being used in bridges, domes, soccer stadiums and so on. Therefore, studies that involve physical and geometric parameters to analyze the behavior of arches are necessary. This work aims to study the static and dynamic instability of tri-articulated discrete arcs, with axial and rotational rigidities the supports and under the action of a time dependent load. The arche is evaluated is a discrete and continuous system. The discrete system consists of three degrees of freedom that describe the vertical displacement and two horizontal displacements; the continuous system composed of two degrees of freedom, with an axial displacement and another in the direction radial. For the discrete system a parametric analysis was performed by varying the axial stiffness and rotational rigidities in the supports, besides the height of the arch, considering first the post-critical path study, with the influence of the parametric variation in the obtained results and the effect of the symmetry breaking in the instability by point limit or snap through, with the appearance of dynamic jumps. The natural frequency analysis is a function of the height/span ratio and the rigidities in the boundary conditions of the structures. The dynamic analysis was initiated through the instability boundaries, where it is observed how the displacements were established according to the parameters adopted, the obtained answers were proved by time responses, bifurcation diagrams and attraction basins, noting the influence of these factors in the dynamic behavior of the discrete arch. The analysis of the continuous system was established in the variation of the modified slenderness of the flexibility in the supports, observing the interference of the parameters in the post-critical path in general and in the load of the axial compression. With the asymmetry in the flexibility of the supports, the loops coming from the dynamic jumps arise. / Arcos são elementos estruturais de forma curvilínea com função de transmitir esforços normais de compressão simples e com ampla aplicabilidade na engenharia civil, pois têm o artificio estrutural de vencer grandes vãos, sendo usados em pontes, cúpulas, estádios de futebol e etc. Portanto, estudos que envolvam parâmetros físicos e geométricos para análise do comportamento de arcos se fazem necessários. Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo da instabilidade estática e dinâmica de arcos discretos tri-articulados, com rigidezes axiais e rigidezes rotacionais nos apoios e sob a ação de uma carga dependente do tempo. O arco é avaliado nos sistemas discreto e contínuo, sendo que o sistema discreto é composto por três graus de liberdade que descrevem um deslocamento vertical e dois deslocamentos horizontais e o sistema contínuo composto por dois graus de liberdade, sendo um deslocamento axial e outro na direção radial. Para o sistema discreto foi feita uma análise paramétrica variando a rigidez axial e as rigidezes rotacionais nos apoios, além da altura do arco, considerando primeiramente o estudo do caminho pós-críticos, com a influência da variação paramétrica nos resultados obtidos e do efeito da quebra de simetria na instabilidade por ponto limite ou snap through, com o aparecimento de saltos dinâmicos. A análise da frequência natural é em função da razão altura/vão e das rigidezes nas condições de contorno das estruturas. A análise dinâmica foi iniciada através das fronteiras de instabilidade, onde se observa como os deslocamentos se estabeleciam de acordo com os parâmetros adotados, as respostas obtidas foram comprovadas por respostas no tempo, diagramas de bifurcação e bacias de atração, constatando a influencia desses fatores no comportamento dinâmico do arco discreto. A análise do sistema contínuo se estabeleceu na variação das esbeltezes modificadas. da flexibilidade nos apoiosobservando a interferência dos parâmetros no caminho pós-crítico de forma geral e na carga de compressão axial. Com a assimetria na flexibilidade dos apoios ocasiona-se o surgimento dos loops vindos dos saltos dinâmicos.

A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) investigation of concrete tunnel systems traversing seismic faults is carried out to determine how to effectively mitigate the stresses induced in the liner when subject to fault displacement. A parametric study of various fault parameters, both in the damage zone and competent rock, is carried out to determine the site conditions which induce the most stress on the tunnel liner system. Results indicate that friction angle, cohesion, and elastic modulus of fault zones have varying effects on the stresses induced on the liner. The width of damage zone and expected displacements are also investigated and it has been shown that even small displacements over narrow damage zones, around 10 m, can still result in significant damage to the concrete liner whereas in wider damage zones the effects of the displacement are more evident. The use of flexible joints in what is known as the articulated design method is investigated to mitigate the stresses induced by fault displacement and discussed. Several orientations, lengths and variations in relative stiffness of these flexible joints are investigated to determine their optimal effectiveness. Results show that this is an effective solution which can be used in design and repair of tunnels to mitigate the stresses and resulting damages to concrete tunnel liners subject to fault displacement.