Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T20:19:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoOFM_DISSERT.pdf: 3388081 bytes, checksum: 197fde26a6d2575ddd19d2379fa8cdbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-24 / The working conditions, occupational health, occupational illness and workers quality of life, usually referring to the artisanal activities and the workers with a poor professional support. Because this reality is still present in locals without good infrastructure of social and economic attention, there is a need for a broad knowledge of problems related to the productive processes that include features of unsanitary and unhealthy. Despite the intense process of industrialization promoted by globalization and the growth of developing nations like Brazil, the activities of artisanal and small-scale mining are still suffering from the marginalization of their production processes and their workers. This dissertation deals with the description of mineral-based activities (MBA), especially the activities related to production processes of extraction and processing of red pottery and minerals in pegmatites in Parelhas city, Serid?, Rio Grande do Norte, which are conducted by small mining companies or artisanal miners. The study of the work process was based on direct observation, photographic documentation, ergonomics, health and occupational safety analysis, interviews and structured questionnaire with workers of the two activities. The results indicate the need for improvement in both workplaces (red pottery and pegmatites), adaptation of workers to safety standards specific to the workplace, more attention and care related to ergonomics and occupational safety, greater importance to economic and social relations among performed activities, workers and firms of mineral branch and better and greater integration of social policies, supported by different sectors of society with the intention of transforming the current social, cultural, labor and education situation / As condi??es de trabalho, sa?de ocupacional, doen?a dos trabalhadores e qualidade de vida, geralmente remetem a atividades artesanais e a trabalhadores com pouco apoio profissional. Pelo fato de esta realidade ser ainda presente em locais menos abastecidos de infraestrutura digna de aten??o social e econ?mica, h? a necessidade de um conhecimento amplo de problemas relacionados a processos produtivos que contemplam caracter?sticas de insalubridade e falta de sa?de. Apesar do intenso processo de industrializa??o promovido pela globaliza??o e pelo crescimento de na??es em desenvolvimento como o Brasil, a minera??o artesanal e de pequena escala ainda sofre com a marginaliza??o dos seus processos produtivos e de seus trabalhadores. O presente trabalho trata da descri??o das atividades de base mineral (ABM), especialmente as relacionadas aos processos produtivos de extra??o e beneficiamento de cer?mica vermelha e minerais em pegmatitos, no munic?pio de Parelhas, no Serid? do Rio Grande do Norte, os quais s?o conduzidos por pequenas empresas de minera??o ou garimpeiros. O estudo do processo de trabalho foi baseado na observa??o direta, registro fotogr?fico, an?lise ergon?mica, de sa?de e de seguran?a no trabalho, entrevistas e question?rio estruturado com trabalhadores das duas atividades. Os resultados indicam necessidade de melhoria no ambiente de trabalho tanto da cer?mica vermelha como em lavra de pegmatitos, adequa??o dos trabalhadores ?s normas de seguran?a espec?fica para os locais de trabalho, maior aten??o e cuidado relacionado ? ergonomia e seguran?a no trabalho, maior import?ncia ?s rela??es econ?micas e sociais entre as atividades desempenhadas, trabalhadores e as empresas do ramo, e uma melhor e maior integra??o das pol?ticas sociais, com interven??o dos v?rios setores da sociedade com vistas ? transforma??o da atual situa??o social, cultural, laboral e educacional

The objective of this study is to conduct a critical evaluation of the Namibian law and policy framework that currently regulates small-scale mining in Namibia. The discussion begins with an introduction to small-scale mining in Namibia which deals with the practice of small-scale mining, inter alia, as far as it is defined and the possible affects thereof. Small-scale mining affects various second generation rights of persons directly involved therein as well as the community as a whole. These rights include child labour; unemployment; gender issues; public health care; occupational health and safety; access to finance; poverty alleviation; and access to mining tools, machinery, markets and buyers. The law and policy framework applicable to small-scale mining in Namibia is accordingly critically discussed in terms of the strengths and weaknesses of the current framework. It is found that small-scale mining is quite well regulated in Namibia, but the current law and policy framework is not without its problems. Some of the main weaknesses identified are the centralised nature of the application for and pegging of claims, the lack of formal provision and regulation of the off-set markets, and the lack of access to finance for smallscale miners. Recommendations are made, such as that regulatory measures should be put in place to make provision for and to regulate the off-set markets for the minerals being mined by the artisanal miners. At the end of the study further research topics which relate directly to the regulation of small-scale mining in Namibia are identified. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This thesis explores the poverty alleviation and peace-spoiling power of the mineral extraction sector in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to arrive at a set of strategic goals for the country moving forward. Although subterranean minerals are often a source or perpetuator of violence, the potential to lift the country’s rural communities out of extreme poverty makes the mining industry an essential part of the nation’s development strategies. Lessons from Tanzania, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Ghana, Zambia, Uganda and Sierra Leone to arrive at best practices for increasing the multiplier effect of large-scale mining, formalization, beneficiation, capital resource development, stakeholder harmonization and conflict control. The study also finds that in order to smoothly construct and implement new programs, the traditional roles and positioning of government, corporate and community stakeholders must change toward increased inclusion.

La République centrafricaine traverse depuis plusieurs décennies des crises socio­politiques et militaires. Celles-ci ont atteint leur apogée en 2013 autour des affrontements entre la Séléka, une rébellion du nord et les Anti­Balaka, un regroupement de milices locales. L’État n’a plus de contrôle sur l’ensemble de son territoire morcelé et tenu par des groupes armés. À partir du cas de l’Ouest centrafricain, cette thèse montre que les conflits armés ont des répercussions profondes sur les rapports des populations aux ressources et aux territoires. Ils ont un fort potentiel de destruction de certaines activités économiques telles que l’élevage bovin et la mine artisanale. Non seulement on assiste à une réorganisation des espaces de production des ressources pastorales et minières, mais le conflit induit également une trajectoire de décentralisation de l’accès aux ressources par les armes. Le contrôle par les armes a des incidences sur les acteurs, les réseaux et les flux de commercialisation. Nos travaux portent sur les dynamiques de l’Ouest centrafricain durant la période 2013-­2017. Ils s’appuient notamment sur une étude de cas à l’échelle de la commune d’élevage de Niem­-Yellewa, qui montre de quelle manière les ressentiments entre les groupes dominants, les luttes de pouvoirs entre les dirigeants locaux et les groupes armés en quête de ressources, s’agrègent pour générer, entretenir et faire perdurer un conflit local. / The Central African Republic has been experiencing socio­political and military crises for several decades. Those reached their peak in 2013 when clashes between the Séléka, a rebellion in the north and the Anti­Balaka, a group of local militias, arose. The state no longer has control over the entire territory which is fragmented and held by armed groups. Presenting the case­study of West Central African Republic, this thesis shows that armed conflicts have profound implications on people's relations to resources and territories. These conflicts also tend to destroy some economic activities such as cattle farming and artisanal mining. Not only it induces the reorganization of the production areas of pastoral and mining resources, but it also triggers a tendency for a decentralized access to resources via weapons. Such armed control impacts actors, networks and marketing flows. Our works focus on the dynamics of West Central Africa during the period 2013­2017. They are essentially based on a case study at the scale of the pastoral area of Niem­Yellewa, which shows how resentments between the dominant groups and power struggles between local leaders and the armed groups looking for resources, aggregate to generate, maintain and perpetuate a local conflict.

The objective of this study is to conduct a critical evaluation of the Namibian law and policy framework that currently regulates small-scale mining in Namibia. The discussion begins with an introduction to small-scale mining in Namibia which deals with the practice of small-scale mining, inter alia, as far as it is defined and the possible affects thereof. Small-scale mining affects various second generation rights of persons directly involved therein as well as the community as a whole. These rights include child labour; unemployment; gender issues; public health care; occupational health and safety; access to finance; poverty alleviation; and access to mining tools, machinery, markets and buyers. The law and policy framework applicable to small-scale mining in Namibia is accordingly critically discussed in terms of the strengths and weaknesses of the current framework. It is found that small-scale mining is quite well regulated in Namibia, but the current law and policy framework is not without its problems. Some of the main weaknesses identified are the centralised nature of the application for and pegging of claims, the lack of formal provision and regulation of the off-set markets, and the lack of access to finance for smallscale miners. Recommendations are made, such as that regulatory measures should be put in place to make provision for and to regulate the off-set markets for the minerals being mined by the artisanal miners. At the end of the study further research topics which relate directly to the regulation of small-scale mining in Namibia are identified. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

L’exploitation minière artisanale est une activité qui intervient dans un contexte de précarité et suscité plus interrogations sur le respect des règles de l’art minier, la protection de l’environnement ainsi que la préservation de la santé, de la sécurité et du bien-être au travail des personnes impliquées. Dans le cas particulier de la Province du Katanga, en République Démocratique du Congo, elle a connu un essor particulier suite à l’effondrement de la GECAMINES, société d'État qui exploite le cuivre et le cobalt et était le principal pourvoyeur des emplois directs et indirects dans cette partie du pays. Cet essor s’est également trouvé conforté par l’envolée des prix des produits miniers et a accentué l’ampleur des problèmes posés par l’artisanat minier.<p>Alors que la plus grande attention est tournée vers la gestion des problèmes environnementaux, nous avons voulu évaluer l’impact des conditions de travail dans ce secteur d’activité sur la santé et la sécurité des exploitants artisanaux. En matérialisant cet impact, notre ambition est d’identifier les facteurs-clé sur lesquels construire une politique de promotion, d’éducation et d’amélioration de la santé au travail dans ce milieu.<p><p>Matériel et méthodes<p>Notre étude repose sur deux enquêtes réalisées en vue de circonscrire les éléments caractéristiques de la situation de travail dans l’exploitation minière artisanale. Ces enquêtes se sont déroulées dans les mines artisanales de la Ruashi et de Lupoto. Elles nous ont permis également de procéder à une observation de cette activité, telle qu’elle se pratique sur le terrain et la première enquête a été couplée à une analyse d’exposition et d’imprégnation des mineurs artisanaux aux contaminants contenus dans la gangue minéralisée.<p>L’exploitation des résultats de ces enquêtes a donné lieu à plusieurs études descriptives à visée étiologiques dans lesquelles nous avons présenté, en plus des statistiques usuelles, les Odds Ratio et les tests d’association calculés grâce au logiciel SPSS version 17. Nous avons également procédé à des revues de la littérature, principalement pour circonscrire les pathologies liées aux risques toxicologiques spécifiques à cette activité ainsi que pour identifier les facteurs-clé de succès des expériences de réforme de la mine artisanale.<p><p>Résultats<p>Les résultats obtenus ont fait l’objet des publications compilées dans la présente thèse. Pour l’essentiel, ils consistent aux constatations suivantes :<p>\ / Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished