Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 286-300).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Boston University, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 249-259).

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as relações internacionais no Leste Asiático tendo como foco principal a pesquisa do fenômeno da integração regional e da disputa pela liderança na região através dos mecanismos de integração, por suas principais potências locais, China e Japão. A Associação dos Países do Sudeste Asiático (ASEAN) e seu desdobramento estrutural, a ASEAN+3 que inclui os dez países membros da associação além dos três países mais influentes do Nordeste Asiático, China, Japão e Coréia do Sul, são o objeto da pesquisa, uma vez que por serem os principais mecanismos de integração da região, estão mais sujeitos a vivenciar a concorrência chinesa e japonesa pelo papel de principal ator e líder regional. A crescente importância dos mecanismos de integração do Leste Asiático decorrente da maior integração que vem adquirindo, uma integração com particularidades únicas e bem distintas da União Europeia, traz o aumento da representatividade da região no mundo e de seus países membros dentro da região. Este tipo de destaque adquirido por este padrão de arcabouço regional, que proporciona crescimento das trocas comerciais na região e de seu desenvolvimento, passou a atrair as potências regionais por se constituir em um importante e interessante instrumento de política regional. Os Estados japonês e chinês possuem problemas históricos de longa data, o que traz maior desconfiança e instabilidade para a região, e aumenta a competição entre os dois atores por maior influência nos grupos de integração regional, acreditando ser possível através desta manobra alcançar a liderança regional. Deste modo, o que esta dissertação pretende mostrar é: a forma como japoneses e chineses se utilizam dos mecanismos de integração regional com a ASEAN e a ASEAN+3 em evidência para perpetuar sua política na região como forma de alcançar o poder; apresentar quais os objetivos, benefícios e interesses em se tornar o líder regional; e apontar qual país tem maior potencial em se tornar líder e através de que tipo de liderança. / This dissertation aims to analyze the international relations in East Asia with a focus on research into the phenomenon of regional integration and the competition for leadership in the region through the mechanisms of integration by their local major powers, China and Japan. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its deployment structure, ASEAN +3, comprising the ten member countries of the association beyond the three most influential countries in Northeast Asia, China, Japan and South Korea, are the object of research, since that being the main mechanisms of integration of the region, are more likely to experience Chinese and Japanese competition for the role of main actor and regional leader. The growing importance of the mechanisms of integration in East Asia due to the increased integration that it has been acquiring, a different kind of integration when compared to European Union, brings greater representation for the region in the world and for its member countries within the region. This type of prominence acquired by the pattern of regional framework, which provides trade growth in the region and its development, began to attract the regional powers, once they constitute an interesting and important instrument of regional policy. The Japanese and Chinese States have long-standing historical problems, which brings higher distrust and instability in the region, increasing the competition between the two actors for greater influence in regional integration groups, believing to be possible through this maneuver to achieve regional leadership. Thus, what this dissertation aims to show is: how Japan and China use the mechanisms of regional integration - with ASEAN and ASEAN +3 in evidence - to perpetuate its policy in the region as a means of attaining power, which are the objectives, benefits and interests to become the regional leader, and to suggest which country has the greatest potential to become a leader and through what kind of leadership.

Researching on the appropriateness of video materials for learners of EIL has required in-depth discussion of the role of the medium of video in the field of crosscultural communication in an EIL context - the ASEAN countries generally and Malaysia specifically. This has drawn into the picture two perspectives. The first is sociocultural; the consideration of the role of English as an International language in Malaysia and the other ASEAN countries, the recommendation of a suitable pedagogical model of speech for audio-visual materials in Malaysia, the components of cross-cultural communication that are essential for any language learner who aspires to communicate in English with persons who come from varying sociocultural backgrounds. The second perspective is that of the role of video for the teaching of intercultural language teaching. What is it in the medium that enables it to play a pivotal role in delivering the message - aspects of cross-cultural communication? These perspectives provide the background to the main research question at hand, which is, how appropriate in sociocultural content and design are ELT video materials for language learners in Malaysia? ELT video materials have been commercially produced since the mid-70's. The majority of these materials are based in Western sociocultural settings, portraying native speakers interacting with-each other. Given the dominant role of English as an international language, linking countries communicatively that otherwise would have great difficulty doing so, yet there has been minimal change in the sociocultural nature of the materials. Therefore, this research aims to investigate via critical analysis and questionnaires, the appropriateness of the sociocultural and design features of existing and potential ELT video materials for EIL language learners. The information from the two sources will, it is hoped, provide useful recommendations for the future-production of appropriate ELT video materials for EIL-language learners in Malaysia specifically and the ASEAN countries generally.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as relações internacionais no Leste Asiático tendo como foco principal a pesquisa do fenômeno da integração regional e da disputa pela liderança na região através dos mecanismos de integração, por suas principais potências locais, China e Japão. A Associação dos Países do Sudeste Asiático (ASEAN) e seu desdobramento estrutural, a ASEAN+3 que inclui os dez países membros da associação além dos três países mais influentes do Nordeste Asiático, China, Japão e Coréia do Sul, são o objeto da pesquisa, uma vez que por serem os principais mecanismos de integração da região, estão mais sujeitos a vivenciar a concorrência chinesa e japonesa pelo papel de principal ator e líder regional. A crescente importância dos mecanismos de integração do Leste Asiático decorrente da maior integração que vem adquirindo, uma integração com particularidades únicas e bem distintas da União Europeia, traz o aumento da representatividade da região no mundo e de seus países membros dentro da região. Este tipo de destaque adquirido por este padrão de arcabouço regional, que proporciona crescimento das trocas comerciais na região e de seu desenvolvimento, passou a atrair as potências regionais por se constituir em um importante e interessante instrumento de política regional. Os Estados japonês e chinês possuem problemas históricos de longa data, o que traz maior desconfiança e instabilidade para a região, e aumenta a competição entre os dois atores por maior influência nos grupos de integração regional, acreditando ser possível através desta manobra alcançar a liderança regional. Deste modo, o que esta dissertação pretende mostrar é: a forma como japoneses e chineses se utilizam dos mecanismos de integração regional com a ASEAN e a ASEAN+3 em evidência para perpetuar sua política na região como forma de alcançar o poder; apresentar quais os objetivos, benefícios e interesses em se tornar o líder regional; e apontar qual país tem maior potencial em se tornar líder e através de que tipo de liderança. / This dissertation aims to analyze the international relations in East Asia with a focus on research into the phenomenon of regional integration and the competition for leadership in the region through the mechanisms of integration by their local major powers, China and Japan. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its deployment structure, ASEAN +3, comprising the ten member countries of the association beyond the three most influential countries in Northeast Asia, China, Japan and South Korea, are the object of research, since that being the main mechanisms of integration of the region, are more likely to experience Chinese and Japanese competition for the role of main actor and regional leader. The growing importance of the mechanisms of integration in East Asia due to the increased integration that it has been acquiring, a different kind of integration when compared to European Union, brings greater representation for the region in the world and for its member countries within the region. This type of prominence acquired by the pattern of regional framework, which provides trade growth in the region and its development, began to attract the regional powers, once they constitute an interesting and important instrument of regional policy. The Japanese and Chinese States have long-standing historical problems, which brings higher distrust and instability in the region, increasing the competition between the two actors for greater influence in regional integration groups, believing to be possible through this maneuver to achieve regional leadership. Thus, what this dissertation aims to show is: how Japan and China use the mechanisms of regional integration - with ASEAN and ASEAN +3 in evidence - to perpetuate its policy in the region as a means of attaining power, which are the objectives, benefits and interests to become the regional leader, and to suggest which country has the greatest potential to become a leader and through what kind of leadership.

Práce se zabývá postavením rozvojových zemí ve světovém systému jako celku, vztahem rozvojových zemí k oběma blokům za dob Studené války a dále rozborem situace po rozpadu bipolarismu a dopad této situace na změnu postavení rozvojových zemích ve světovém systému. Dále rozborem jednotlivých rozvojových makroregionů práce postihuje jak jejich společné znaky a rozdíly, tak hodnotí vzájemné vztahy zemí jednotlivých regionů a případné integrační tendence. Třetí kapitola má za cíl podrobnější analýzu integračního uskupení ASEAN.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the open data in the developing countries of Southeast Asia. A phenomenon of the open data has become lately increasingly improtant. New technologies and digital transformation force individual countries to continually adapt to new trends in the terms to remain globally competitive. Although in the past this term was dominantly used in developed countries, nowadays also developing countries started to open their data with a vision of breaking out from their past and achieving a good economic level. This paper provides not only a summary of the basic and difficult principles within the context, but also offers an overview to data user how open data portals differentiate in the region of Southeast Asia.

Globalių iššūkių veikiamas pasaulis nuolatos turi atsinaujinti ir adaptuotis prie besikeičiančių sąlygų. Valstybės šiame kontekste ne išimtis. Galima teigti, jog valstybės patyria didžiausią spaudimą surasti geriausią sprendimų variantą, kaip amortizuoti globalių jėgų spaudimą. Vienas iš palankiausių būdų tą padaryti, atsigręžti į regionines organizacijas. Šiai dienai sėkmingiausia regioninė organizacija yra laikoma Europos Sąjunga, o po jos rikiuojasi ASEAN. Visgi mokslinių tyrimų, lyginančių šias dvi organizacijas, nėra daug dėl to, kad yra nusistovėjusi nuomonė, jog ES yra n=1 atvejis, o didelė dalis klasikinių regioninių teorijų yra kilusios iš Europos intelektinio paveldo. Naujojo regionalizmo teorija meta iššūkį ir teigia, jog ES gali būti palyginama ir turi būti lyginama, kadangi tik taip galima suprasti regioninių procesų mechanizmus. Išanalizavus šių dviejų regioninių organizacijų regionalizacijos procesų kaitą buvo atrasta. ES ir ASEAN regionalizacijos procesų kaita yra beveik vienoda savo pradžia, dominuoja saugumo tematika. Yra visiškai skirtinga savo funkcionavimu, ES ryški institucionalizacija ir supranacionalinių institucijų skatinimas. ASEAN vengimas bet kokių institucionalizacijos formų ir neformalumo skatinimas. Tik iš dalies panaši įtaka valstybėms narėms ir trečiosioms šalims, kur ES turi sukaupusi solidesnę patirtį. Taip pat buvo atrasta, jog nevalstybiniai aktoriai turėjo skirtingas roles. ES atveju institucijų jau buvo paruošta platforma jiems ateiti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Global challenges have been affecting the world constantly. Thus there are pressures to innovate and adapt to changing conditions. State in this context is not an exception. It can be argued that the states have been experiencing far greater pressures to find the best solutions to amortize global pressure. One of the most favorable way to do that, turn to regional organizations. To date, the most successful regional organization is considered to be the European Union, followed by ASEAN. However, the research comparing these two organizations is not much on the fact that there are well-established opinions, that EU n=1 case and a large part of the regional classic theories originate from the EU intellectual heritage. The new regionalism approach throw a challenge to claim that the EU can be compared and should be compared, because it is the only one way to understand the processes of regional mechanisms.The analysis of these two regional organizations regionalization processes shift have shoved that. EU and ASEAN regionalization processes change is almost the same at their start, dominates security issues. They are totally different in their functioning, the EU followed hard institutionalization and promotion of supranational institutions. ASEAN have avoided of any form of institutionalization and promoted the informality. Only partially comparable influence to Member States and third countries where EU has acquired a more solid experience. It was also discovered that... [to full text]

Transnational security threats are among the most pressing and complicated problems facing both governmental and non-governmental actors in today's world. Human trafficking is one example of contemporary transnational security threat that is relatively less studied compared to other transnational security threats. Because transnational security threats such as human trafficking exist above and outside the boundaries of state control, it may be supposed that a greater degree of supranationalism in the policy responses to them would yield better results in combatting these modern-day ills. Anti-trafficking efforts from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the European Union are examined to assess the impact of degree of supranationalism present in the respective policy responses to determine if any advantage is gained from aligning supranational policies to transnational problems. This question is not answered conclusively due to a lack of supranationalism present in key areas of EU governance responsible for law enforcement efforts.

The issue of South China Sea is one of the hottest international disputes in South East Asia due its location amid the connection between Southeast Asia to Northeast Asia and the rich resources. The undecided maritime delimitation makes the situation more complicated. Because each one of the ASEAN Claims has her own consideration of the interest, their claims and policies confront from each other's, and no consensus has been reached. However, encountering the fact that China proclaimed the entire region of South China Sea, ASEAN Claims attempt to unit themselves to deal with the threat, to negotiate the issue of South China Sea with China as a whole, and attempt to internationalize the issue. Thus, this paper is aimed to realize under what circumstance, ASEAN Claims will tend to unite in the issue of South China Sea, or vise versa, in what circumstance makes ASEAN Claims tend to collapse. According to the "Balance of Threat," China's threat to South China Sea affairs leads the changing of the unity of ASEAN Claims directly, and influences the consistency of South China Sea's policy. Besides the United States, the other side of the balance of the two counter powers, the treat brought by China in South China Sea affairs is the key to influence the South China Sea policy consistency of ASEAN Claims. "South China Sea Core interest" is one of match instance.