Today, many school districts are mandating tests to measure student performance and to hold individual schools and school systems accountable for that performance in order to meet the standards set forth in the No Child Left Behind Act (2001) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004). The focus of this study was to examine the relationship among cognitive ability as measured by the Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) and measures of achievement, specifically, standardized achievement scores on the New Jersey Assessment of Skills and Knowledge (NJ ASK) and school grades. The current study investigated archival data of 452 seventh grade students enrolled in a large, suburban public school district during the 2007-2008 school year. Scores on the CogAT and NJ ASK were collected from grades 3, 5, and 7. Final grades in the subject areas of Reading, Writing, Math, Social Studies and Science were collected from report cards from the end of seventh grade of the 2007-2008 school year. Pearson correlations found significant relationships between: (1) cognitive ability and standardized achievement scores in grades 3, 5, and 7, (2) third grade cognitive ability and grade seven grades, and (3) third grade standardized achievement scores and grade seven grades. Further, out of the five cluster scores on the grade 3 CogAT and NJ ASK, the NJ ASK Language Arts score was the best predictor of grades in Reading and Writing and the NJ ASK Mathematics score was the best predictor of grades in Math, Science, and Social Studies. Finally, third grade NJ ASK Language Arts, NJ ASK Mathematics and CogAT Verbal scores were the best predictors of special education classification in grade 7, accounting for a combined 22% of the variance. Limitations to the study and implications for future research and practice are discussed. / School Psychology

This diploma thesis deals with design and realization of a module for a digital signal procesor, for handheld RFID reader working in UHF band. It utilises a special chip EM4298 for RFID signals processing. Module is controlled by the microcontroller ATmega32L, which communicates with the PC through USB bus. Settings in EM4298 is made by a service program which processes received identifying data obtained from tags. Source codes for microcontroller are created in AVR Studio 4.13 program. Source codes for microcontroller are created in C++ Builder 6.0 program. Further thing is Desing and realization of analog interface and a UHF transceiver for wireless communication with tags. A Webench program was used for the analog interface design, which is freely available on the internet. For verification of parameters of the analog interface it was used PSpice 10.0 program. The UHF transceiver is build-up with a MAX2903 chip (transmitter) and AD8347 (receiver) and transmitting and receiving antennae.

<p>The purpose with this report is to illuminate the construction solutions and the deformations that could exist in medieval parish stone churches. But also to increase the writers understanding how activity forces effect the construction of the churches. With help from literature and a practical study, containing three churches the writers have collected the material that the conclusions and discussions are built upon in this report. </p><p>The construction of the churches consists of three parts, the wall, the roof and the vault. The construction solutions are similar in the churches disregard of the roof, where the roof trusses are different. The roof trusses are yet typical for the roman style. The deformations that have been found can in most cases be could usual occurring in these old churches the writers chosen to study, the needs to repairmen are today not necessary. Yet the writers think that there are deformations that should be study more thorough, to derive the origin and take suitable measure. The writers think that the deformations that effect the constructions have most of their origin in some rebuilding and lost knowledge of old building engineering.</p>

<p>Arbetets syfte är att göra en aktualiserad framställning av ämnet trädkult. En viktig del av syftet har också varit att göra en mera heltäckande materialgenomgång än tidigare studier. Framställningen kommer huvudsakligen att beröra den fornskandinaviska religionen men utblickar kommer att bli nödvändiga för att komplettera materialet. Således kommer även kontinentalgermanska och samiska områden att beröras, kontinentalgermanskt område något utförligare, samiskt område i form av ett exempel. Visserligen kommer arbetet i mycket att ha karaktären av en betraktelse. Som sådan blir den resonerande såtillvida att då någon källa har redovisats och/eller den i respektive fall eventuelle forskaren har fått lägga dit sina aspekter kommer jag att i vissa fall ha små reflektioner att tillägga. Trots detta vill jag ändå som tillägg sätta en traditionell frågeställning eftersom inget uppsatsarbete borde undvika att söka besvara åtminstone någon eller några frågor. De frågor den här uppsatsen kommer att söka besvara blir:</p><ul type="disc"><li>Kan en koppling mellan myt och rit påvisas?</li><li>Finns det möjlighet att påvisa ett mikro-, makrokosmiskt förhållande?</li><li>Fanns det maktlegitimerande skäl för kultplatsen?</li></ul>

This dissertation consists of five separate and self-contained essays. They have been written as distinct papers. Although there is a fair amount of overlap and cross-reference in analysis and discussion, the intention is that potential readers should be able to read them separately. Essay 1: An Empirical Analysis of the Trading Structure at the Stockholm Stock Exchange.This essay describes and analyzes the trading structure at the Stockholm Stock Exchange. In the empirical part, we report stylized facts based on intraday transaction and order book data, focusing on the intraday behavior of returns, trading activity, order placement and bid/ask spread, on the importance of the tick size and finally on some characteristics of the limit order book. Our main empirical conclusions are that a) the intraday U-shape in trading activity found in earlier U.S. studies on the whole also pertains to the Stockholm Stock Exchange, b) the limit order placement also follows an intraday U-shape, c) there is no distinct intraday pattern in returns, d) the volatility and bid/ask spread seems to be higher at the beginning of the trading day, e) the tick size is economically important, and f) the price impact of an order is a nonlinear function of its quantity, implying price inelastic demand and supply. Essay 2: An Empirical Analysis of the Trading Structure at the Stockholm Options and Forwards Exchange, OM.We first describe and analyze the trading structure at the Stockholm Options and Forward Exchange, OM Stockholm. It is characterized by some interesting market microstructure features, such as a high degree of transparency in a fully computerized trading system and a possibility to submit combination orders. We also present empirically results from tests on the intra- and interday trading volume of the OMX index derivatives, both in terms of number of contracts traded and in terms of number of transactions. There is evidence of a high degree of intraday variation in trading volume and some interday variation. The extension of trading hours of the underlying stocks, during the studied period should, according to modern trade concentration models, affect the distribution of trading across the day. Although no formal test of the models is possible with this data set, we are able to shed some supportive additional light on all of these models. Essay 3: Tick Size, Market Liquidity and Trading Volume: Evidence from the Stockholm Stock Exchange. (This essay was co-authored with Patrik Sandås.)The regulated tick size at a securities exchange puts a lower bound on the bid/ask spread. We use cross-sectional and cross-daily data from the Stockholm Stock Exchange to assess if this lower bound is economically important and if it has any direct effect on market depth and traded volume. We find a) strong support that the tick size is positively correlated to market depth and c) some support that it is negatively related to traded volume. We identify different groups of agents to whom a lower tick size would be beneficial and to whom it would be detrimental. Essay 4: An Analysis of the Lead-Lag Relationship between the OMX Index Forwards and the OMX Cash Index.This essay investigates the intraday lead-lag structure in returns between on the one hand the OMX cash index and on the other hand the OMX index forwards and the OMX synthetic index forwards in Sweden. The data set includes 22 months of data, from December 1991, to September 1993. It is divided into three sub-periods. The main conclusion is that there is a high degree of bidirectional interdependence, with both series Granger causing each other. Using a Sims-test, we find that the forwards as well as synthetic forwards lead the cash index with between fifteen and thirty minutes, while the cash index leads the forwards with about ten to fifteen minutes.. This implies a longer lead from the cash index to the forwards than in previous studies. The large interdependence could possibly be due to higher transaction costs, lower liquidity in the forward market and the specific trading environments used for Swedish securities. Essay 5: Order Flow Dynamics: Evidence from the Helsinki Stock Exchange. (This essay was co-authored with Kaj Hedvall.)This essay investigates the dynamics of the order flow in a limit order book. In contrast to previous studies, our data set from the Helsinki Stock Exchange encompasses the entire order book structure, including the dealer identities. This enables us to focus on the order behavior of individual dealers. We classify the events in the order book and study the structure of subsequent events using contingency tables. In specific, the structure of subsequent events initiated by the same dealer is compared to the overall event structure. We find that order splitting is more frequent than order imitation. Furthermore, if the spread increases as a result of a trade, other dealers quickly restore the spread, by submitting new limit orders. One conclusion is therefore that there exists a body of potential limit orders outside the formal limit order book and that there is a high degree of resiliency in our limit order book market. As a logical consequence, a large dealer strategically splits his order, in order for the market to supply additional liquidity. One interpretation of our results is that a limit order book market can accommodate larger orders than is first apparent by the outstanding limit orders. Another interpretation is that a limit order book structure gives room for informed traders to successively trade on their information. A third interpretation is that prices only slowly incorporate new information. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1994

The purpose with this report is to illuminate the construction solutions and the deformations that could exist in medieval parish stone churches. But also to increase the writers understanding how activity forces effect the construction of the churches. With help from literature and a practical study, containing three churches the writers have collected the material that the conclusions and discussions are built upon in this report. The construction of the churches consists of three parts, the wall, the roof and the vault. The construction solutions are similar in the churches disregard of the roof, where the roof trusses are different. The roof trusses are yet typical for the roman style. The deformations that have been found can in most cases be could usual occurring in these old churches the writers chosen to study, the needs to repairmen are today not necessary. Yet the writers think that there are deformations that should be study more thorough, to derive the origin and take suitable measure. The writers think that the deformations that effect the constructions have most of their origin in some rebuilding and lost knowledge of old building engineering.

Arbetets syfte är att göra en aktualiserad framställning av ämnet trädkult. En viktig del av syftet har också varit att göra en mera heltäckande materialgenomgång än tidigare studier. Framställningen kommer huvudsakligen att beröra den fornskandinaviska religionen men utblickar kommer att bli nödvändiga för att komplettera materialet. Således kommer även kontinentalgermanska och samiska områden att beröras, kontinentalgermanskt område något utförligare, samiskt område i form av ett exempel. Visserligen kommer arbetet i mycket att ha karaktären av en betraktelse. Som sådan blir den resonerande såtillvida att då någon källa har redovisats och/eller den i respektive fall eventuelle forskaren har fått lägga dit sina aspekter kommer jag att i vissa fall ha små reflektioner att tillägga. Trots detta vill jag ändå som tillägg sätta en traditionell frågeställning eftersom inget uppsatsarbete borde undvika att söka besvara åtminstone någon eller några frågor. De frågor den här uppsatsen kommer att söka besvara blir: <ul type="disc">Kan en koppling mellan myt och rit påvisas? Finns det möjlighet att påvisa ett mikro-, makrokosmiskt förhållande? Fanns det maktlegitimerande skäl för kultplatsen?

This qualitative dissertation in Counseling Psychology considers the open secret, an under-researched phrase describing an interesting phenomenon that is experienced by some, but not all, LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) people when their sexual orientation is known or suspected by family members, friends, and/or coworkers, but not discussed. A review of the literature notes how the essence of the open secret appears to be about knowledge that is not acknowledged, while it may also create a space of grace, allowing people to coexist, where they might not otherwise be able to do so easily. Participants (N = 11) were either current or past members of the U.S. military who served before or during the Don’t Ask Don’t Tell policy. Interviews were analyzed using James Paul Gee’s linguistic approach to narrative, from which three major findings emerged: (a) sexual and homophobic harassment, whereby historically homophobic attitudes within the military drive the need for secrecy surrounding LGBT sexuality; (b) acceptance and support, whereby the open secret seems to create a space of grace; and (c) empowerment and honesty, whereby LGBT people seem to have a new sense of honesty that empowers them toward a new sense of agency. Discussion includes examination of how the three findings may relate to the open versus secret parts of the open secret, as well as how the open secret and the Don’t Ask Don’t Tell policy may represent a gestalt attempt at balance that may now be moving toward a gestalt dynamic of completion, suggesting the possibility of a new Discourse of openness and honesty for LGBT people that appears to be on a proleptic edge of possibility.

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Lietuvos akcijų rinkos pasiūlos ir paklausos srautų analizei buvo pasirinktos 9 akcijos. Jas, pagal įvykusių sandorių skaičių ir vertę, galima suskirstyti į tris grupes: nelikvidžios, pusiau likvidžios ir likvidžios akcijos. Šių akcijų, viešai skelbiami rinkos gylio ir įvykusių sandorių, duomenys buvo imami iš Vilniaus vertybinių popierių biržos internetinio puslapio http://www.baltic.omxgroup.com/ nuo 2008 02 25 iki 2008 04 18. Darbe buvo skaičiuojami paprastas (inside bid-ask spread), efektyvus (effective spread) ir užfiksuotas kainų skirtumai. Roll matas skaičiuojamas remiantis akcijų įvykusių sandorių kainomis, kurių skirtumų stacionarumas ištirtas RA-kriterijumi (reverse arrangement test). Kaip ir buvo galima tikėtis, parodyta, kad pasirinktų akcijų rinka yra neefektyvi. Dėl šios priežasties, kiekvienai akcijai apskaičiuotas Roll matas yra labai grubus. Naudojant C++ programavimo kalbą, buvo sukurta programinė įranga: • Duomenų skaitymui iš interneto; • Duomenų bazės kūrimui, apdorojimui ir redagavimui; • Duomenų analizei. / Nine types of stock were chosen to analyse quoted bid-ask spread of Vilnius Stock Exchange. According to the value and number of transactions of the stock, it can be divided into three groups: non-liquid, half-liquid and liquid stock. Public market depth information and data of trade was taken from Vilnius Stock Exchange website http://www.baltic.omxgroup.com/ during the period from 25th February 2008 to 18th April 2008. In my work I have analysed inside bid-ask spread, effective spread and fixed prices. Roll measure was measured using trade prices of stock; stationarity of differences of trade prices were examined using reverse arrangement test. As had been expected, I came to conclusion that the stock market for chosen stocks is informationally inefficient. Due to this reason the Roll measure is not correct. By using C++ programming language the following programming tools were created: • Data reading from internet tool; • Data collection and correction tool; • Data analysis tool.