Thesis (doctoral)--Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [283]-300) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--United States International University, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-143).

Over the last decades the crustacean aquaculture sector has been steadily growing, in order to meet global demands for its products. A major hurdle for further growth of the industry is the prevalence of viral disease epidemics that are facilitated by the intense culture conditions. A devastating virus impacting on the sector is the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), responsible for over US $10 billion in losses in shrimp production and trade. The Pathogenicity of WSSV is high, reaching 100 % mortality within 3-10 days in penaeid shrimps. In contrast, the European shore crab Carcinus maenas has been shown to be relatively resistant to WSSV. Uncovering the basis of this resistance could help inform on the development of strategies to mitigate the WSSV threat. C. maenas has been used widely in studies on ecotoxicology and host-pathogen interactions. However, like most aquatic crustaceans, the genomic resources available for this species are limited, impairing experimentation. Therefore, to facilitate interpretations of the exposure studies, we first produced a C. maenas transcriptome and genome scaffold assembly. We also produced a transcriptome for the European lobster (Homarus gammarus), an ecologically and commercially important crustacean species in United Kingdom waters, for use in comparing WSSV responses in this, a susceptible species, and C. maenas. For the C. maenas transcriptome assembly we isolated and pooled RNA from twelve different tissues and sequenced RNA on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. After de novo assembly a transcriptome encompassing 212,427 transcripts was produced. Similar, the H. gammarus transcriptome was based on RNA from nine tissues and contained 106,498 transcripts. The transcripts were filtered and annotated using a variety of tools (including BLAST, MEGAN and RSEM) and databases (including GenBank, Gene Ontology and KEGG). The annotation rate for transcripts in both transcriptomes was around 20-25 % which appears to be common for aquatic crustacean species, as a result of the lack of well annotated gene sequences for this clade. Since it is likely that the host immune system would play an important role in WSSV infection we characterized the IMD, JAK/STAT, Toll-like receptor and other innate immune system pathways. We found a strong overlap between the immune system pathways in C. maenas and H. gammarus. In addition we investigated the sequence diversity of known WSSV interacting proteins amongst susceptible penaeid shrimp/lobster and the more resistant C. maenas. There were differences in viral receptor sequences, like Rab7, that correlate with a less efficient infection by WSSV. To produce the genome scaffold assembly for C. maenas we isolated DNA from muscle tissue and produced both paired-end and mate pair libraries for processing on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. A de novo draft genome assembly consisting of 338,980 scaffolds and covering 362 Mb (36 % of estimated genome size) was produced, using SOAP-denovo2 coupled with the BESST scaffolding system. The generated assembly was highly fragmented due to the presence of repetitive areas in the C. maenas genome. Using a combination of ab initio predictors, RNA-sequencing data from the transcriptome datasets and curated C. maenas sequences we produced a model encompassing 10,355 genes. The gene model for C. maenas Dscam, a gene potentially involved in (pan)crustacean immune memory, was investigated in greater detail as manual curation can improve on the results of ab initio predictors. The scaffold containing C. maenas Dscam was fragmented, thus only contained the latter exons of the gene. The assembled draft genome and transcriptomes for C. maenas and H. gammarus are valuable molecular resources for studies involving these and other aquatic crustacean species. To uncover the basis of their resistance to WSSV, we infected C. maenas with WSSV and measured mRNA and miRNA expression for 7 time points spread over a period of 28 days, using RNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq. The resistance of C. maenas to WSSV infection was confirmed by the fact that no mortalities occurred. In these animals replicating WSSV was latent and detected only after 7 days, and this occurred in five of out 28 infected crabs only. Differential expression of transcripts and miRNAs were identified for each time point. In the first 12 hours post exposure we observed decreased expression of important regulators in endocytosis. Since it is established that WSSV enters the host cells through endocytosis and that interactions between the viral protein VP28 and Rab7 are important in successful infection, it is likely that changes in this process could impact WSSV infection success. Additionally we observed an increased expression of transcripts involved in RNA interference pathways across many time points, indicating a longer term response to initial viral exposure. miRNA sequencing showed several miRNAs that were differentially expressed. The most striking finding was a novel C. maenas miRNA that we found to be significantly downregulated in every WSSV infected individual, suggesting that it may play an important role in mediating the response of the host to the virus. In silico target prediction pointed to the involvement of this miRNA in endocytosis regulation. Taken together we hypothesize that C. maenas resistance to WSSV involves obstruction of viral entry by endocytosis, a process probably regulated through miRNAs, resulting in inefficient uptake of virions.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-19T11:37:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Stela Barros RIbeiro - 2016.pdf: 2466812 bytes, checksum: 6dcf03c36d51185279b526d71c61bd43 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-19T11:38:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Stela Barros RIbeiro - 2016.pdf: 2466812 bytes, checksum: 6dcf03c36d51185279b526d71c61bd43 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T11:38:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Stela Barros RIbeiro - 2016.pdf: 2466812 bytes, checksum: 6dcf03c36d51185279b526d71c61bd43 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The development of genomic analysis technologies, mainly the next generation sequencing platforms (NGS), has enabled to obtain a large amount of DNA sequencing information. The association between NGS data and cutting edge computational tools affords access to whole genome information for different organisms, through whole genome assembly (or partial) and structural and functional characterization. The cagaiteira tree (E. dysenterica DC.) is one of the Cerrado native species with potential utilization in crop production systems, due to its products exploration: fruits, leaves and bark. Besides, it has ecological importance for food availability to local fauna. Despite the efforts made, little is known about the organization and genetic structure of the cagaiteira tree. The previous researches take into account a reduced number of molecular markers applied to mating systems studies and effects of micro evolutionary events in populations. In this study we obtained an assembly and a partial characterization of E. dysenterica genome, regarding number, structure and function of genes and repetitive DNA. We obtained DNA sequences for five individuals from different populations using Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. The quality control was performed with FasQc and Trimmomatic. We assembled the reads using dipSPAdes and used blastn and Samtools to verify the assembly quality. We used Repeat Masker, Repeat Modeler and QDD to identify and characterize the repetitive DNA content. For gene prediction and annotation we used AUGUSTUS and Blast2GO. The raw DNA sequences amounted 8.64 Gb, distributed in 63,017,960 reads. After trimming for low quality, the amount decreased to 5.63 Gb, distributed in 59,415,168 reads. After filtering for organellar DNA and contigs smaller than 500 bp, we assembled 130,243 contigs, representing 56.7% (~250 Mb) of estimated E.dysenterica genome size (~442 Mb). About 35.3% of genome assembled comprised repetitive regions, of which 27.1% are transposable elements (most LTR retrotransposons). We identified 55,491 microsatellite regions, 46,701 mononucleotides and 8,403 dinucleotides. The T/A motif was the most common follow by A/T and GA/TC. We predicted 60,171 gene fragments and 228,510 transcripts. We observed a gene density of 1 gene per 7.3 Kb and an average of 3.8 transcripts per gene. This study makes the cagaiteira tree the first native plant species from Cerrado of which genome was widely sampled and characterized using NGS data. / Com o desenvolvimento das tecnologias de análise genômica, entre elas o sequenciamento de nova geração (NGS), a obtenção de uma grande quantidade de dados de sequenciamento de DNA é hoje uma realidade. Estes dados, associados às ferramentas computacionais desenvolvidas para sua análise, permitem o acesso às informações sobre genomas de diversos organismos, através da montagem de suas sequências parciais ou completas, bem como sua caracterização estrutural e funcional. A cagaiteira (E.dysenterica DC.) é uma das espécies nativas do Cerrado que possui potencial de utilização em sistemas de produção agrícola, devido ao potencial de utilização de seus frutos, folhas e casca além de possuir grande valor ecológico, por servir de alimento para a fauna nas suas regiões de ocorrência. Apesar dos avanços obtidos, pouco se sabe sobre a organização e estrutura genética desta espécie, visto que os trabalhos já realizados fazem o uso de um pequeno número de marcadores moleculares, aplicados a estudos sobre sistema cruzamento e efeitos de eventos microevolutivos nas populações. Foi realizada a montagem e a caracterização parcial o genoma de E.dysenterica com relação à quantidade, estrutura e função de genes e DNAs repetitivos, de forma a agregar informações àquelas já existentes. DNAs de cinco indivíduos de populações distintas foram sequenciados utilizando a plataforma Illumina MiSeq. O controle de qualidade das sequências genômicas obtidas foi feito utilizando o FastQc e o Trimmomatic. O draft assembly foi obtido utilizando o dipSpades e o controle de qualidade do assembly foi feito utilizando o blastn e o SamTools. A identificação e caracterização de regiões repetitivas foi feita com os programas RepeatMasker, RepeatModeler e QDD. Para a predição e anotação de genes foram utilizados os programas AUGUSTUS e o Blast2GO. Foi obtido um volume inicial de 8,64 Gb de sequências, distribuídos em 63.017.960 reads. Este valor diminuiu para após o controle de qualidade, restando 5,63 Gb, distribuídos em 59.415.168 reads. Mesmo com diminuição da quantidade de dados, foi observado o aumento das taxas de alinhamento entre o genoma de E.dysentera e E.grandis, espécie mais próxima à cagaiteira, cujo genoma já foi sequenciado. Após a retirada de DNAs organelares e contigs menores que 500 bases, foram obtidos 130.243 contigs, representando 56,7% (~250 Mb) do tamanho estimado para o genoma de E.dysenterica (~442 Mb). Cerca de 35,3% do assembly é composto por regiões repetitivas das quais 27,1% são elementos transponíveis, sendo a maioria pertencente à ordem LTR retrotransposons. Foram identificadas 55.491 regiões microssatélites das quais 46.701 são monocleotídeos e 8.403 são dinucleotídeos. O motivo de repetição T/A foi o mais frequente, seguido por A/T e GA/TC. Foram preditos 60.171 fragmentos gênicos e 228.510 transcritos. Observou-se uma densidade de 1 gene a cada 7,3 kb e uma média de 3,8 transcritos por gene. Diante dos resultados obtidos e a abordagem utilizada, este trabalho faz da cagaiteira a primeira espécie vegetal nativa do Cerrado cujo genoma foi amplamente amostrado e caracterizado utilizando dados NGS.

The problem with which this investigation is concerned is an analysis of errors in looping and assignment made by novice assembly language computer programmers. This analysis is made after subjects write three computer programs. The verbal definition of the problem for each program specifies, without naming, either a for, while, or repeat looping structure. The purposes of the study are the following; to determine whether using the appropriate looping structure is related to writing a correct program; to determine the incidence of assignment errors in incorrect programs; to determine the degree of relationship between mathematical aptitude, and the type of assignment errors made; to determine the degree of relationship between use of the appropriate looping structure and mathematical, verbal, and scholastic aptitude; to determine the degree of relationship between gender and use of the appropriate looping structure, and to determine the degree of relationship between gender and the number of assignment errors.

Title: Legal regulation of the right to assembly in Australia The present thesis addresses the legal regulation of freedom of assembly in Australia, aiming to analyse the current version of legal regulation. Regarding different legal arrangements among particular Australian states, main attention is paid to constitutional level of this right and statutory regulation in New South Wales. The thesis is divided into ten chapters. Following the first introductory chapter, the second one focuses on the beginnings of Australian law and its development. It also deals with legal and historical connections of English colonial law which laid foundations of Australian law. The third one deals with Australian settlement. It is focused on discovery of Australian continent by James Cook in 1770 and consequent enlargement of the territory. The fourth continues with constitutional development of Australian law. It discusses decisive constitutional moments related to Australian independence. The main aim of the fifth chapter is the analysis of Australian legal system. It concerns main legal sources of Australian law and the relation between common law and international law. It also analyses practise of the courts. The sixth chapter examines sources of Australian right to assembly and the seventh one analyses...

Assembly of nanoparticles provides effective building blocks for physical, chemical and biological systems which have surprisingly collective intrinsic physical properties. One-dimensional nanomaterials are one of the most spectacular and promising candidates for technological application in the field of nanotechnology. Single-walled carbon nanotubes represent an anisotropic and perfectly one-dimensional group of nanomaterials with extraordinary electronic, mechanical, chemical and thermal properties. Usually, such nanoparticles are dispersed in solution, and for any application it’s necessary to bring them on the surface in an organized way. However, to exploit its full potential and to ensure efficient scale-up, self assembly of such nanoparticles is absolutely essential. The aim of this work is to develop new strategies for alignment by self assembly of such one-dimensional nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes using combination of different conventional techniques. This includes a functionalization study with new strategy for hybrid bio-functionalization of carbon nanotubes which could have potential application in drug delivery, genetic engineering and biosensors. The possibility to make hybrid structure functionalization by attaching ss-DNA backbone to the positively charged head group of a cationic surfactant by ionic interaction is demonstrated. Localization of nanoparticles at liquid-liquid interfaces by manipulating the particle surface energy is an upcoming area with great potential for research and opens a window to fabricate self assembled interfacial structured hybrid materials with unique properties. In this direction, a strategy for alignment of carbon nanotubes at liquid-liquid interfaces using dielectrophoresis is also investigated. Finally, a new and unique strategy for large scale alignment of carbon nanotubes is presented by combing dielectrophoresis during Langmuir-Blodgett assembly process. The degree of alignment is verified using polarized micro Raman spectroscopy and direction dependent electrical conductivity measurements. / Die Assemblierung von Nanopartikeln liefert effektive Bausteine für physikalische, chemische und biologische Systeme, welche erstaunliche kollektive und spezifische Eigenschaften aufweisen. Eindimensionale Nanopartikel sind mitunter die spektakulärsten und vielversprechendsten Materialien für technologische Anwendungen im Feld der Nanotechnologie. Einzelwand-Kohlenstoffnanoröhren stellen eine Gruppe von anisotropen und perfekt eindimensionalen Nanopartikeln mit außergewöhnlichen elektronischen, mechanischen, chemischen und thermischen Eigenschaften dar. Im Allgemeinen befinden sich solche Nanopartikel in gelöster Form. Für alle Arten der Anwendung müssen diese notwendigerweise in organisierter Weise auf Oberflächen abgeschieden werden. Um ihr volles Potential auszuschöpfen und eine effiziente Hochskalierbarkeit zu erreichen, ist eine Self Assembly solcher Objekte zwingend erforderlich. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, neue Strategien für Ausrichtung und Self Assembly von eindimensionalen Nanopartikeln wie Kohlenstoffnanoröhren mit einer Kombination von konventionellen Techniken zu entwickeln. Dies beinhaltet eine Funktionalisierungsstudie mit neuer Strategie für hybrid-bio-Funktionalisierung von Kohlenstoffnanoröhren, welche eine potentielle Anwendungsmöglichkeit in der Medikamentenverabreichung, Gentechnik und Biosensoren darstellt. Die Möglichkeit hybride Struktur Funktionalisierung durch Anfügen von ss-DNA-Rückgrat der positiv geladenen Kopf Gruppe der kationischen Tensiden durch Ionische Wechselwirkung wird demonstriert. Eine Anreicherung von Flüssigkeits-Flüssigkeits-Grenzflächen mit Nanopartikeln durch Kontrolle der Partikel Oberflächenenergie ist ein neus Forschungsgebiet mit großem Potential für die Forschung, welche, die Möglichkeit eröffnet, selbst-organisierte, grenzflächenstrukturierte Hybridmaterialien mit einzigartigen Eigenschaften herzustellen. Anknüpfend hieran wird auch eine Strategie zur Ausrichtung von Kohlenstoffnanoröhren an Grenzflächen mittels Dielektrophorese untersucht. Letztlich wird eine neuentwickelte, einzigartige Strategie zur großflächigen Ausrichtung von Kohlenstoffnanoröhren vorgestellt, welche auf einer Kombination von Dielektrophorese und Langmuir-Blodgett-Technik durch gleichzeitige Anwendung im Anordnungsprozess beruht. Der Grad der Ausrichtung ist mit polarisierten Mikro Raman-Spektroskopie und Richtung abhängige elektrische Leitfähigkeit Messungen überprüft.

The thesis is focused on detailed design proces of pre-assembly workplaces in an all-around appliance producing company situated in Olomoucký region. Thesis briefly depicts contemporary allocation of workplaces and then is closely aimed on new possibilities in allocation of both current and newly estabilished workplaces in a definitively set out hall space. Furthermore part of the thesis is dedicated to capacity and financial analysis as well as technical-economic evaluation.

This thesis deals with the technological project of rear bonnet hinges assembly shop, specifically with desing the layout the of assembly shop in the Edscha Automotive Kamenice s.r.o. company. The thesis shows the basic theory to understanding the problems of assembly workshops. The thesis analyses the present state of the assembly workshop and with reference to the requirements of the company and fundamentals technological projection features three possible solutions. The selected solution becomes the shape of rationalization project. In the end is the variant technical-economic reviewed.

The objective of the thesis is rationalization of current process of assembling of manifold assemblies from the reduction of operating costs point of view. The reason for rationalization is uncompetitiveness of actual solution due to high manufacturing cost of manifold assemblies coming from this process. After analysis of current operations, taking into account presumed production plan, the capacitive calculation of assembly line was done. Then alternative solutions were proposed based on above mentioned criterion, and from these the optimal variant was picked and developed. The assessment of resultant solution was done in the end.