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41	Reigns of Hattušili III, Puduhepa and their son, Tudhaliya IV, ca 1267-1228 BCE Van der Ryst, Anna Francina Elizabeth 11 1900 (has links) In this dissertation, I investigate the impact of the extended religious and political elements in the ancient Near East of the Late Bronze period that influenced the reigns of Hattušili III, his consort, Queen Puduhepa, circa 1267 to 1237 BCE and their son Tudhaliya IV circa 1237 to 1228 BCE. As rulers of the Hittites, they were not the greatest and most influential royals, like the great Suppiluliuma I circa 1322 to 1344 BCE, but their ability to adopt an eclectic approach similar to that of their great predecessors regarding religion, politics, international diplomacy and signing treaties made this royal triad a force to be reckoned with in the ancient Near East. Therefore, central to this investigation will be the impact of Hattušili III’s usurpation of the throne and Puduhepa’s role in the Hurrianisation of the state cult and pantheon. Also included is a brief investigation into the continuation of the reorganisation and restructuring of the Hittite state cult and local cult inventories by Tudhaliya IV and his mother Puduhepa after the death of Hattušilli III. By researching this royal triad, their deities, their Hurro-Hittite culture and the textual evidence of their rule, it becomes possible to assemble some of the elements that impacted on their rule. I have used available transliterated translated texts and pictures to support and illustrate the investigation of this complex final period in the history of the Hittite Empire. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / MA (Ancient Near Eastern Studies) Indo-European tribes Anatolia Hattian Old Assyrian trade colonies Luwian Hurrians Kizzuwatna Mitanni Egypt Complex religion Polytheism Suppiluliuma I Rameses II Hattušili-Rameses treaty Hattuša Hattušili III Puduhepa International diplomacy Chief priest and priestess Cult festivals Ištar Šauška Stormgod of Hatti Sungoddess of Arinna Hepat Stormgod of Nerik Šarrumma Yazilikaya Huwaši stones Tudhaliya IV 299.199 Hittites -- Antiquities Hittites -- Religion Hittites -- Civilization Hittites -- History Turkey -- History -- To 1453 Turkey -- Religion -- History Gods, Hittite Hittite cults Kings and rulers, Ancient -- Turkey
42	Weapons, warfare and skeleton injuries during the Iron Age in the Ancient Near East Pretorius, Johan 06 1900 (has links) Due to the nature of war, persons are killed with various types of weapons. Throughout the history of humanity, weapons were used in this regard and these weapons left injuries on the victims that are distinguishable. The type of force conveyed by the ancient weapons effected injuries that enable modern-day bioarchaeologists to extrapolate which weapons caused which injuries. The Assyrians depicted their wars and battles on reliefs. An analysis of these depictions, with an extrapolation of the lesions expected in skeletal remains, could contribute to better understanding of the strategies of war in ancient times. This dissertation will discuss how the evaluation of human remains in comparison to Assyrian reliefs may contribute to the chronological knowledge of war and warfare in the Iron Age Ancient Near East – especially at Lachish. A discourse of the approaches available to researchers regarding access to data in the forensic bioarchaeological field will be presented. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M.A. (Biblical Archaeology) Ancient Near East Assyrian reliefs Bioarchaeology Blunt force trauma Chronology Forensic anthropology Human remains Iron Age Lachish Lachish reliefs Radiocarbon dating Sharp force trauma Skeletal remains War Warfare Weaponry Wound patterns 220.930956 War -- Biblical teaching Iron age -- Middle East Weapons, Ancient -- Middle East Assyrians -- Middle East Blunt trauma -- Middle East Forensic archaeology -- Middle East Radiocarbon dating -- Middle East Iron age -- Israel -- Lachish Weapons, Ancient -- Israel -- Lachish Warfare, Prehistoric -- Middle East Assyrians -- Israel -- Lachish Blunt trauma -- Israel -- Lachish Radiocarbon dating -- Israel -- Lachish

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Reigns of Hattušili III, Puduhepa and their son, Tudhaliya IV, ca 1267-1228 BCE

Weapons, warfare and skeleton injuries during the Iron Age in the Ancient Near East