No description available.

Transtornos psiquiátricos têm sido descritos com maior freqüência em pacientes com Coréia de Sydenham (CS) do que em pacientes com Febre Reumática(FR) sem CS. Os objetivos desse estudo forma o de verificar: se existe uma freqüência aumentada de transtornos psiquiátricos em pacientes com FR comparados a um grupo controle; se estes transtornos psiquiátricos apresentam freqüência aumentada em grupo de pacientes com Coréia de Sydenham, a manifestação da FR no Sistema Nervoso Central, comparado ao grupo de pacientes com FR sem CS; e, por fim, verificar a relação temporal entre o início destes diversos transtornos e o início da FR. Concluiu-se que a presença de FR está associada a uma maior freqüência de transtornos psiquiátricos, mesmo na ausência de CS. O TDHA e o TT, neste estudo, foram indicados como fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de CS em pacientes com FR. / Psychiatric disorders have been described as more frequent in Sydenham’s Chorea patients SC) than in rheumatic fever without SC (RF). The aim of this study was to investigate it the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in RF is associated with the occurrence of SC. Furthermore, age of onset of the various symptoms was determined in order to clarify the temporal relationship between the presence of psychiatric symptoms and either rheumatic fever or Sydenham’s Chorea. Using semi-structured diagnostic interviews for DSM-IV and ratings scales, the authors assessed 22 SC patients, 20 RF patients and 20 pediatric controls. Statistical Analyses were performed using Pearson chi-square (Fischer’s exact test for 2x2 tables) for comparisons of categorial variables. Comparisons of continuous variables among groups were carried out using ANOVA and the Student t-test, when only groups were analyzed. In order to establish the risk for the development of SC and OCD given to presence of other co-morbid conditions, a logistic regression was applied. The level of significance adopted was 0.05. Both the SC and RF groups showed a greater prevalence of psychiatric disorders. The SC sample showed higher frequency of major depression disorder (MDD) (x2 = 19,1, df = 2, p = 0,00007), tic disorder (TD) (x2 = 21,1, df = 2, p = 0,00001) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (x2-21,7, df = 2, p = 0,0002). Although Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) was not statiscally higher in the SC and RF groups, Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms were more frequent in both RF and SC groups compared to the controls (x2 = 7,3, df = 2, p = 0,025). The age of onset for both ADHD and TD predicted the risk for development of SC. The risk of development of OCD in SC children was also associated with the age of onset of ADHD. RF seems to confer increased risk to develop neuropsychiatric disorders even in patients without SC. In this sample, ADHD and TD was an important risk factor for the occurrence of co-morbid illnesses.

Transtornos psiquiátricos têm sido descritos com maior freqüência em pacientes com Coréia de Sydenham (CS) do que em pacientes com Febre Reumática(FR) sem CS. Os objetivos desse estudo forma o de verificar: se existe uma freqüência aumentada de transtornos psiquiátricos em pacientes com FR comparados a um grupo controle; se estes transtornos psiquiátricos apresentam freqüência aumentada em grupo de pacientes com Coréia de Sydenham, a manifestação da FR no Sistema Nervoso Central, comparado ao grupo de pacientes com FR sem CS; e, por fim, verificar a relação temporal entre o início destes diversos transtornos e o início da FR. Concluiu-se que a presença de FR está associada a uma maior freqüência de transtornos psiquiátricos, mesmo na ausência de CS. O TDHA e o TT, neste estudo, foram indicados como fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de CS em pacientes com FR. / Psychiatric disorders have been described as more frequent in Sydenham’s Chorea patients SC) than in rheumatic fever without SC (RF). The aim of this study was to investigate it the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in RF is associated with the occurrence of SC. Furthermore, age of onset of the various symptoms was determined in order to clarify the temporal relationship between the presence of psychiatric symptoms and either rheumatic fever or Sydenham’s Chorea. Using semi-structured diagnostic interviews for DSM-IV and ratings scales, the authors assessed 22 SC patients, 20 RF patients and 20 pediatric controls. Statistical Analyses were performed using Pearson chi-square (Fischer’s exact test for 2x2 tables) for comparisons of categorial variables. Comparisons of continuous variables among groups were carried out using ANOVA and the Student t-test, when only groups were analyzed. In order to establish the risk for the development of SC and OCD given to presence of other co-morbid conditions, a logistic regression was applied. The level of significance adopted was 0.05. Both the SC and RF groups showed a greater prevalence of psychiatric disorders. The SC sample showed higher frequency of major depression disorder (MDD) (x2 = 19,1, df = 2, p = 0,00007), tic disorder (TD) (x2 = 21,1, df = 2, p = 0,00001) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (x2-21,7, df = 2, p = 0,0002). Although Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) was not statiscally higher in the SC and RF groups, Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms were more frequent in both RF and SC groups compared to the controls (x2 = 7,3, df = 2, p = 0,025). The age of onset for both ADHD and TD predicted the risk for development of SC. The risk of development of OCD in SC children was also associated with the age of onset of ADHD. RF seems to confer increased risk to develop neuropsychiatric disorders even in patients without SC. In this sample, ADHD and TD was an important risk factor for the occurrence of co-morbid illnesses.

No description available.

The motivation for this study was to challenge the Indigo Child phenomenon and to view it from a Christian perspective. Throughout the study the focus was on the researcher's opinion of Christianity, supported by other authors and the Bible. The assumption of the study was that Indigo Children were ordinary children whose behaviour was formed and reinforced by societal and parental influences and guidance. The purpose of the study was to set up guidelines for parents and caretakers in order to facilitate and recommend strategic action regarding the management of these children. Guidelines were set up by using a combination of Gestalt philosophy, a Christian perspective and existing guidelines for so-called Indigo Children. For the purpose of this study Thomas's developmental research and utilization model was applied to the intervention research approach. Semi-structured interviews were used in order to gain information regarding parental styles. The information gained was combined with information found in literature in order to set up guidelines for parents. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Play Therapy)

A qualitative case study research design is used to investigate the results of a neuropsychological test battery, collated and used with four individual cases. A literature study consisting of research with respect to AS as well as neuropsychological assessments provides the theoretical framework from which existing theory is tested and expanded on. The cases are analysed individually and then by cross case analysis to ascertain any patterns of strength and weaknesses which could result in a "typical" profile of a learner with AS. Findings conclude confusions with respect to diagnostic criteria for AS and a distinction of DSM-IV-TR criteria is used. The neuropsychological test battery includes questionnaires (personal history, Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale, Conners' parent and teacher questionnaire, Dunn's sensory profile) interviews (parents, teachers), observations (classroom and playground) and formal testing (intelligence, motor functions, academic achievement, theory of mind and executive functions). Findings from the literature show similarities between AS children and children with non verbal learning disabilities. Evidence of AS differing from individuals with high functioning autism is conclusive in all previous research using theory of mind tests. Evidence from the literature shows many children had been given another diagnosis, typically ADHD, before being given the diagnosis of AS. Additional disorders such as anxiety and depression were also given. AS children had consistent difficulties with social interaction. A typical neuropsychological profile of AS is not identified, but rather a "personality type" that is dominated by anxiety and individual "quirks" of personality which affects responses to the formal test battery - thereby influencing the scores obtained. Two of the cases presented with an academic profile similar to that of a non verbal learning disability and one presented with similarities with a semantic pragmatic disorder. The thesis concludes with a proposed differentiating model of behavioural, communication and learning disorders in which AS is defined in terms of that originally described by Hans Asperger himself, and specifically treated within the education environment. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Psychology of Education)

The different reactions of parents to the discovery that their children had ADD/ADHD has an effect on the primary relationship established between mother and child. This is essential in the later involvement, experience and meaning attribution of the child with respect to all subsequent relationship formation on the child's journey towards his ultimate target, namely self-actualisation. It was felt that psychological intervention could help parents to bond, communicate with and relate to their children without experiencing negative feelings which would enhance parental acceptance. In this study, ten mothers were used to participate in an adapted group Filial Therapy programme. This unique therapy involves parents as the primary agents to resolve child-related problems and to encourage children's healthy psycho-social development. Results were positive. The mothers felt that they had formed better relationship with their children. They were empowered with knowledge and coping mechanisms, such as reflective listening, setting limits and providing choices. For the first time they were enjoying their ADD/ADHD children. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

Although thet:e has been gradual awat:eness of leat:ning disabilities aftet: Wodd Wat: II, it was in the late 1960's that compt:ehensive assessment and special education wet:e provided in schools. Specifically, in the at:ea of services for families, a reaffirmation of the fundamental rights of chilruen and families emerges. Although stress associated with the presence of a learning disabled child is an important consideration, its impact on the family is related to the family members' cognitive appraisal of the stress situation and thett copmg resources. Parents of learning disabled chilruen experience more stress, often exacerbated by faulty, misunderstood coping efforts that increase conflict in the family. Reseat:chers have investigated how: families manage stress; and cope with the multiple stt:esses of rearing a learning disabled children. It has been found that while many families cope, others cannot. Stress theory has dttected our attention to circumstances that weaken families and exacerbate distress. Preventative and ameliorative services at:e needed to assist such families. Stress and coping theory suggest that differences in families' reactions to learning disabilities may be related to amount and quality of resources available to pat:ents. This involves cognitive adaptation using coping skills, enabling them to t:e-evaluate stressful events positively. Another resource would be professionals, whose role would be of a facilitator, strengthening the ability of the family to gain access to needed services while increasing the family's mastery of coping with learning disability. Research has shown that parents' initial contact with learning disability and how to assist their learning disabled child was stressful. After parents received counselling on coping with their stress and stress management, and after the child's psycho-educational assessment and remedial measures were implemented, there has been significant positive feedback from parents and children. Research would embrace relationships between perceptions and family well-being using Ellis's rational-emotive therapy, thereby contributing to better understanding of how families cope with stress. Ayurvedic principles would be used to adopt a holistic approach to life. By using RET and A yurvedics the researcher was able to assist parents with learning disabled children to cope better with their stresses and effectively manage their child's learning disability. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

No description available.

Au Canada, en 2018-2019 la naissance par césarienne s’élève à 29% dépassant ainsi les taux de 10-15% recommandés par l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS). Au cours des dernières années, les naissances par césariennes ne cessent d’accroitre, malgré les risques associés qui sont rapportés dans la littérature pour la mère et l’enfant. Bien que couramment pratiquée, la césarienne reste une intervention chirurgicale avec des risques à court et à long terme. Chez les enfants nés par césarienne, nous retrouvons des taux plus élevés d’asthme, d’obésité, de problème d’allergies etc. Tandis que chez les mères subissant la césarienne, nous retrouvons plus de cas d’infection, d’hémorragie et des risques plus élevées de rupture du placenta et de fausse couche lors des grossesses subséquentes. Puisque la prévalence de la césarienne ne cesse d’augmenter, il est primordial de comprendre son influence sur le développement neurologique de l’enfant. L’association entre le mode d’accouchement et les troubles neurodéveloppementaux tel que le trouble du déficit d'attention et d’hyperactivité (TDAH) chez les enfants est peu étudié avec des résultats souvent contradictoires ou non concluants. Le TDAH est l'un des troubles neurodéveloppementaux les plus courants chez les enfants avec une prévalence mondiale qui s’élève à 7.2% (IC 95% 6.7-7.8). Ainsi, le projet de ce mémoire a pour objectif d’évaluer l’association entre les modes d’accouchements et le TDAH chez l’enfant, tout en palliant les limites méthodologiques observées dans la littérature présentement. Afin de répondre à cette question, le projet évalue trois modes d’accouchements et ainsi recherche l’association entre l’accouchement par césarienne élective, par césarienne d’urgence ou par voie vaginale assistée et le risque de TDAH chez les enfants comparativement à l’accouchement par voie vaginale non assisté. Cette étude de cohorte rétrospective populationnelle tire l’entièreté de ses données de la Cohorte des Grossesses du Québec (CGQ) sur une période allant de 1998 à 2015. L’étude retrouve une augmentation de 6 % (IC 95% 1.03 - 1.10) du risque de TDAH chez les enfants nés par césarienne d’urgence et une augmentation de 12 % (IC 95% 1.06 - 1.19) du risque de TDAH chez les enfants nés par voie vaginale assisté avec ventouse ou forceps. Aucune association (HRa=0.96 IC 95% 0.91 - 1.01) n’a été retrouvée entre l’accouchement par césarienne élective et l’augmentation du risque de TDAH chez les enfants. Par la suite, plusieurs analyses de sensibilités ont été effectuées pour évaluer la robustesse des résultats, mais aucune n’a significativement alterné nos résultats. En conclusion, l’étude démontre l’existence d’une association entre l’accouchement par césarienne d’urgence et par voie vaginale assisté et le risque de TDAH chez les enfants. Ces résultats renforcent la nécessité d’étudier davantage les répercussions de la césarienne et des accouchements assistés avec des instruments sur l’enfant dans un contexte Canadien, où nous retrouvons peu de recherche sur le sujet. / In Canada the rate of caesarean deliveries is about 29 % of all birth in 2018-2019. Despite the known risk of this major surgery, caesarean section rates are continually rising beyond the recommended rate by the world health organization (WHO) of 10 to 15 %. Scientific research has identified several short- and long-term potential risks associated with this procedure for both the child and mother. For the child, researchers have found higher rates of asthma, obesity, and allergy problems. As for the mother, some of these risks include post-partum infection, hemorrhage and higher risks of placental rupture and miscarriages in future pregnancies. Caesarean section rates have been steadily increasing and it is essential to understand its influence on the neurological development of the child. Few studies have investigated the association between the mode of delivery and neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Currently the literature shows often contradictory or inconclusive results. ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood with a worldwide prevalence of up to 7.2% (CI 95% 6.7-7.8). Therefore, the project of this thesis aims to evaluate the association between modes of delivery and ADHD in children while overcoming the methodological limitations observed in the literature. To answer this question, the project is evaluating three modes of delivery by looking into the association between elective caesarean, emergency caesarean or assisted vaginal delivery and the risk of ADHD in children compared to unassisted vaginal birth. This prospective population-based study uses data on pregnancies and children from 1998 to 2015 from The Quebec Pregnancy Cohort (QPC). Our adjusted analyses showed that children born via emergency caesarean and assisted vaginal delivery were 6% (CI 95% 1.03 - 1.10) and 12% (CI 95% 1.06 - 1.19) respectively more likely to have ADHD compared to children born via unassisted vaginal delivery. 6 However, no association was found between elective caesarean birth (HRa=0.96 CI 95% 0.91 - 1.01) and the risk of ADHD in children. Several sensitivities analyze were performed to assess the robustness of these findings, but none significantly altered our results. While a caesarean delivery and assisted vaginal birth are essential and lifesaving procedures, they can put children at risk. As showed in this study, emergency caesarean and assisted vaginal birth increase the risk of ADHD in children. These findings reinforce the need for further research to evaluate the impact of caesarean and assisted deliveries on the children especially in a Canadian context where studies are still limited.