Ausgründungen aus der Wissenschaft (spin-offs) gehören zu den anspruchsvollsten Instrumenten des Wissens- und Technologietransfers. Die Initiatoren erfolgreicher Gründungsvorhaben sind oftmals engagierte Hochschullehrer, die nicht nur Anerkennung in der Scientific Community suchen, sondern ihre Forschungsergebnisse ebenso in anwendungsorientierte Produkte und Dienstleistungen überführen. Was treibt diese Wissenschaftler an? In welchem Zusammenhang steht die Gründungsmotivation mit der ursprünglichen wissenschaftlichen Motivation? Ist das Initiieren einer Ausgründung mehr als das Lösen eines herausfordernden Rätsels? Der vorliegende Artikel gibt eine Antwort auf diese Fragen und gewährt einen Einblick in die Gründungsmotivation von Hochschulprofessoren aus den Naturwissenschaften. Mit Hilfe einer qualitativen Untersuchung werden verschiedene Gründertypen gebildet.

Entscheidungsträger in Forschungseinrichtungen werden oftmals mit der Auswahl von Mitarbeitern im Technologietransfer konfrontiert. Mitarbeiter im Technologietransfer sind wichtige Wissenschaftsmanager, die den anwendungsorientierten Transfer von Forschungsergebnissen und forschungsbasiertem Know-how unterstützen. Zu ihnen zählen Mitarbeiter in den Bereichen Auftragsforschung, Patent- und Gründungsmanagement und Mitarbeiter in transferorientierten Drittmittelprojekten. Für eine professionelle Personalauswahl qualifizierter Technologietransfermitarbeiter ist ein systematisches Bewerbungsgespräch grundlegend. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Einblick in die Struktur und in die einzelnen Phasen eines Bewerbungsgespräches. Dabei wird die Grundstruktur des erfolgreich etablierten Multimodalen Interviews (MMI®) aufgegriffen. Es werden acht verschiedene Interviewphasen erläutert und mit Beispielfragen zur Beurteilung des Bewerbers ergänzt.

A new class of oxazolidinone chiral auxiliary has been synthesized from various α-amino acids, incorporating a perfluoroalkyl functional chain as a soluble support. This feature allows the chiral auxiliaries to be employed under standard solution-phase reaction conditions, and rapidly purified from crude mixtures using fluorous solid phase extraction (FSPE). Our investigation of these new materials has been divided into two main sections. To obtain the chiral auxiliaries in multi-gram quantities a synthetic protocol was designed, where efficiency and reproducibility were the primary objectives. Meeting these goals required an extensive study of the reactivity of perfluoroalkyl nucleophiles. This study identified a versatile and scalable protocol for the perfluoroalkylation of the required amino acid starting materials. These results have allowed us to design a general, five-step synthetic pathway to create the fluorous chiral auxiliaries quickly and effectively. The new auxiliaries were then applied in several model reactions, specifically chosen to examine the reactivity and behavior of these compounds. In particular, the auxiliaries were tested for their stereoselectivity, recyclability, and ease of purification, in a series of Aldol reactions, 1,3 dipolar cycloadditions, and radical conjugate additions. This set of model reactions, combined with the facile and efficient synthesis clearly demonstrates that these new chiral auxiliaries are useful alternatives to the non-fluorous oxazolidinone chiral auxiliaries currently employed in stoichiometric asymmetric syntheses.

A new class of oxazolidinone chiral auxiliary has been synthesized from various α-amino acids, incorporating a perfluoroalkyl functional chain as a soluble support. This feature allows the chiral auxiliaries to be employed under standard solution-phase reaction conditions, and rapidly purified from crude mixtures using fluorous solid phase extraction (FSPE). Our investigation of these new materials has been divided into two main sections. To obtain the chiral auxiliaries in multi-gram quantities a synthetic protocol was designed, where efficiency and reproducibility were the primary objectives. Meeting these goals required an extensive study of the reactivity of perfluoroalkyl nucleophiles. This study identified a versatile and scalable protocol for the perfluoroalkylation of the required amino acid starting materials. These results have allowed us to design a general, five-step synthetic pathway to create the fluorous chiral auxiliaries quickly and effectively. The new auxiliaries were then applied in several model reactions, specifically chosen to examine the reactivity and behavior of these compounds. In particular, the auxiliaries were tested for their stereoselectivity, recyclability, and ease of purification, in a series of Aldol reactions, 1,3 dipolar cycloadditions, and radical conjugate additions. This set of model reactions, combined with the facile and efficient synthesis clearly demonstrates that these new chiral auxiliaries are useful alternatives to the non-fluorous oxazolidinone chiral auxiliaries currently employed in stoichiometric asymmetric syntheses.

This study of women in management was initiated to explore, through women managers themselves, the barriers they thought were hindering their progress up the management hierarchies in BT. To facilitate this study the first former utility organisation to be privatised was approached to be the case study. At the time the organisation, which was undergoing a major organisational change programme aimed at taking it from the utility provider it had been to the dynamic private company it wanted to be, was gaining a reputation for enlightened equal opportunity policies. It had a vigorous gender champion and an equal opportunities department that had ensured circulation of the organisation's equal opportunities policies to all members of staff. BT employed a large number of women managers in different functions, working in different locations throughout the UK and in a number of positions in the management hierarchy short of the most senior management or director levels. It therefore presented a unique opportunity to study women in the management pipeline from across a broad spectrum of jobs and backgrounds, women who were not being promoted in the same proportions as their male counterparts. To examine their circumstances a mixed methodology was used drawing on aspects of feminist, positivist and pragmatic models because each offered an essential element of the mix needed to satisfy the requirements for undertaking the study. As the researcher was both a manager employed by the case study organisation and a woman there were elements of feminist methodology that guided involvement and personal interest in the study. The culture of the case study organisation was such that it was driven by the quantitative measures offered by positivism. An implicit element of the agreement between researcher and case study organisation was therefore that elements of the findings should reflect this requirement. Finally, a pragmatic approach to undertaking the study underpinned the dialogue between researcher and case study organisation as ways were explored for carrying out the investigation. While it cannot be assumed that the same barriers to progress for women managers found in the case study organisation exist for women managers in other organisations, the findings of this study have nevertheless highlighted issues beyond the borders of the organisation. Firstly, they confirm the conclusions of previous research that women have been both horizontally and vertically segregated in areas of organisations from which progress into top management positions is more difficult to achieve. Secondly, the study casts new light on the pressures that women face when trying to reconcile the needs of work and caring responsibilities. Women's ambitions are still tempered by their place in the home as carer and partner and many are prepared to subordinate their career opportunities to the needs of their family. Most crucially, the study highlights the extent to which women's aspirations are bounded by their work experiences. It has been assumed that organisational cultures have been becoming more sympathetic towards the inclusion of women managers and more prepared to encourage women to progress but the evidence of this study is that this operates at the level of rhetoric instead of action. The organisational structures and management styles presented barriers that flattened the ambition of women and exposed them to bullying, intimidation and harassment. Nurtured by an uncompromisingly macho company culture underpinned by an old boys' network, the barriers that women encountered served to suppress initiative and detain them at lower levels of management. Many women felt that because of this they were stifled, inhibited from improving their own or the organisation's performance. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the nebulous nature of these insidious discriminatory practices renders them almost impenetrable. Just as BT shares a history and culture similar to several other former utility organisations so it is probable that these practices are mirrored in other organisations. Finally, the assumptive base of some recent analysts question the ways in which women are likely to progress in management. It has been assumed that the excellent educational achievements of women in recent years will automatically translate into increased opportunities for high office in organisations. However the findings of this study show that the organisational climate in which women find themselves has a larger impact on their progress. In this study the women with the highest qualifications were clustered in the lowest ranks in the division of the organisation that showed most resistance to gender diversity. Therefore while education may enhance a woman's opportunities, it does not automatically position her for higher office. The other assumption that women are increasingly limiting their own career opportunities by making positive decisions to remain at the lowest positions in the management pipeline, through positive lifestyle choices, are challenged by the findings here. It was only when women found themselves hampered and unlikely to progress or thought that the harmony of their home lives was threatened that they decided to limit their options. Otherwise, many of them stated, they would have relished the challenge of higher office. As this study shows, it would clearly be a disservice to these women managers to confuse their forfeiture of ambition because of the prevailing hostile organisational climate or for family reasons, with their positively deciding to limit their careers.

No description available.

The thesis deals with the verbal periphrases. We investigated the frequency of their use in contemporary Spanish literature- in prose. The thesis consists of three main parts. The first part examines the definition of auxiliary verbs, indefinite verb forms, passive, and aspect of Czech and Spanish linguists. We also examined how periphrases are presented in Czech and Spanish textbooks of the Spanish language. Another part deals with the classification of the periphrases and their characteristics accompanied by examples of the analyzed works of M. Delibes. The final part is devoted to compare the results of our work with results of two academic works.

This study examined the Lake of Egypt Power Plant operated by Southern Illinois Power Cooperative located on the Lake of Egypt south of Marion, IL. The facility has a 173 MW rated turbine operating on a pulverized coal cyclone boiler and three 33 MW rated turbines operating on an oversized circulating fluidized bed boiler with 120 MW capacity. The first area examined was reduction of auxiliary power consumption possible with the addition of variable frequency drives to the forced draft fan and booster fan motors. Included in this examination was an analysis of the economic and environmental impact of such a reduction. From the analysis an annual savings of 24.4 GWh of electricity is possible. The second area examined was the generation capacity lost due to condenser fouling and the possible reduction in facility emissions with altered condenser treatment. From the analysis an additional 3.0 MW of capacity facility wide is possible or a reduction steam production of 1.5% for each boiler.

nÃo hà / O presente estudo teve como objetivo central analisar o papel da Auxiliar da EducaÃÃo Infantil no contexto de Creche no municÃpio de Fortaleza. Contou com as contribuiÃÃes de diferentes autores. Inicialmente, ao revisitar a HistÃria da EducaÃÃo Infantil, buscando conhecer a gÃnese da docÃncia com crianÃas pequenas, utilizou-se das ideias de Vieira (1988, 1999), Arce (2001, 1997), Louro (1997), Rosemberg (1999, 2003a, 2003b, 2008), Kramer (2011a), Oliveira (2011a), Kuhlmann Jr. (2000, 2015), dentre outros. Estes estudiosos reforÃam a compreensÃo de que a atividade docente nesta etapa educacional nasce da prÃtica nÃo profissional, de um cenÃrio com pouco investimento financeiro, marcado por uma concepÃÃo educacional assistencialista e pelo mito da educadora nata. Em seguida, visando refletir sobre a docÃncia com crianÃas em Creches e PrÃ-Escolas a partir da inserÃÃo da EducaÃÃo Infantil na primeira etapa da EducaÃÃo BÃsica, considerando as especificidades das crianÃas pequenas, o paradigma do cuidado e da educaÃÃo e o professor como o profissional legitimado a atuar nesse cenÃrio, recorreu-se a Oliveira-Formosinho (2011, 2002), Duarte (2011), Martins Filho (2013), GonÃalves (2014) e Schmitt (2014). AlÃm disso, foram considerados importantes documentos de Ãmbito nacional e municipal, como a ConstituiÃÃo Federal (BRASIL, 1988), a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da EducaÃÃo Nacional (BRASIL, 1996a), as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a EducaÃÃo Infantil (BRASIL, 2009a) e a ResoluÃÃo Municipal n 002/2010 (FORTALEZA, 2010). A fim de compreender o fenÃmeno enfocado, optou-se pela realizaÃÃo de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa (BOGDAN; BIKLEN, 1994), com algumas caracterÃsticas de um Estudo de Caso (LÃDKE; ANDRÃ, 1986; GIL, 2008). Para a geraÃÃo de dados (GRAUE; WALSH, 2003) foram realizadas a aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrio com as Auxiliares, seÃÃes de observaÃÃo participante e entrevistas individuais com os sujeitos da pesquisa, professoras e coordenadora da instituiÃÃo investigada. A anÃlise dos dados, dentre outros aspectos, revelou: 1) um grupo profissional docente heterogÃneo e admitido de forma diferenciada; 2) que o trabalho cotidiano das Auxiliares consiste em prÃticas de cuidado e educaÃÃo dirigidas Ãs crianÃas, mas, apesar disso, nÃo à percebido como prÃtica docente, como aÃÃo âpedagÃgicaâ e 3) uma percepÃÃo da Auxiliar como profissional importante no contexto da EducaÃÃo Infantil, dadas Ãs tarefas que desenvolve, mas que à vista como profissional responsÃvel pelo âcuidadoâ, tratando-se de uma funÃÃo complementar ao papel âpedagÃgicoâ das professoras. Os achados desta pesquisa apresentam uma EducaÃÃo Infantil acometida pela âmaldiÃÃo de SÃsifoâ (ROSEMBERG, 2003b) e apontam a urgÃncia de revisÃo dos elementos que constituem a docÃncia com crianÃas pequenas, especialmente, na rede pÃblica do municÃpio pesquisado. / The present study had as main objective to analyze the role of the Auxiliary of Infant Education in the context of Day Care in the city of Fortaleza. To support this study, the theoretical basis was based on different authors. Initially, when revisiting the History of Early Childhood Education, seeking to know the genesis of teaching for young children, the ideas of Vieira (1999, 1988), Arce (2001, 1997), Louro (1997), Rosemberg (1999, 2003a, 2003b, 2008), Kramer (2011a), Oliveira (2011a), Kuhlmann Jr. (2000, 2015), among others, revealing that the teaching activity in this sector was born from non-professional practice, marked by the assistance and the myth of the cream educator. Next, it was reflected on teaching for young children from the insertion of Early Childhood Education in the first stage of Basic Education, considering the paradigm of care, the specifics of small children and the teacher as a professional legitimized to work in this sector. For this, authors such as OliveiraFormosinho (2002, 2011), Duarte (2011), Martins Filho (2013), GonÃalves (2014) and Schmitt (2014) have proved fundamental to weave such reflections. In addition, important national and municipal documents were considered, such as the Federal Constitution (BRASIL, 1988), the Law on Guidelines and Bases of National Education (BRASIL, 1996a), the Curriculum Guidelines for Early Childhood Education (BRASIL, 2009a) and Municipal Resolution n. 002/2010 (FORTALEZA, 2010). In order to understand the focused phenomenon, a qualitative approach was chosen (BOGDAN; BIKLEN, 1994), having as a methodological strategy the Case Study (LÃDKE; ANDRÃ, 1986; GIL, 2008). For data generation (GRAUE; WALSH, 2003), a questionnaire was applied with the Assistants, participant observation sections and individual interviews with the research subjects, teachers and coordinator of the research institution. Data analysis, among other aspects, revealed: 1) a heterogeneous professional group, with or without qualification for differentiated teaching and admission; 2) found that the Auxiliaryâs daily work consists of care and education practices directed at children, but nonetheless, it is not perceived as a teaching practice, as a âpedagogicâ action; 3) a perception of the Auxiliary as an important professional in the context of Early Childhood Education, due to the tasks they carry out, but, as supposed to be a developer of âcareâ and âteaching supportâ practices, being therefore a complementary function to the âpedagogicalâ of the teachers. Thus, the findings of this research present a Child Education undertaken by the âCurse of Sisyphusâ (ROSEMBERG, 2003b) and which presents the urgency of reviewing the elements that constitute teaching for young children and point out the urgency of reviewing the elements that constitute teaching with young children, especially in the public network of the municipality surveyed.

User resistance to information system (IS) change is an important issue in the IS literature. However, despite a large body of user adoption literature, there is far less literature addressing user resistance to IS change, especially in organisational contexts. Moreover, there are still left a number of open questions regarding the why and how resistance takes place. Particularly, previous research failed to explain these questions for two reasons. First, none of the previous research explained the reasons for IS resistance from a multilevel perspective. Second, previous research, with few exceptions, was empirically conducted after IS had been implemented in organisations. Hence, it can be considered to be observations made on downstream results of the upstream resistance process. The two reasons above were used as drivers for this research at the AlphaBank during the preliminary phases of its core banking system (CBS) upgrading project. The ultimate purpose of this study is to develop a framework which will be of use to practitioners for understanding and managing resistance to IS change. Given the complexity of the resistance, explanatory theories guiding the study were argued, discussed, and developed. These guiding theories were based on the open system theory, the political variant of the interaction theory, and the status quo bias theory. The study employed an interpretivist philosophical standpoint and a collaborative practice research (CPR) was adopted. During the study, different methods were designed and conducted including informal discussions, documentation, semi-structure interviews, staff meetings and workshop. In total, twenty eight participants covering different levels of the bank’s hierarchy were involved in the study. Based on the findings, it was concluded that comprehending resistance from a multilevel lens helped the AlphaBank’s managers move beyond a search for a simple explanation of this phenomenon and enabled them to create more meaningful and actionable solutions. The findings contribute to knowledge in a multilevel model for understanding and managing resistance to IS change.